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(完整版)小学英语名词讲解与练习

(完整版)小学英语名词讲解与练习
(完整版)小学英语名词讲解与练习

名词

名词可以分为可数名词与不可数名词,其中可数名词具有单、复数的形式;而不可数名词没有复数形式。

可数名词:

规则变化:

1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds

2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,watch-watches,brush-brushes,glass-glasses,dress-dresses

3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families(家庭),butterfly-butterflies(蝴蝶),lady-ladies,strawberry-strawberries(草莓)

★注意:“元音字母+y”结尾的,直接加-s,如:day-days,boy-boys

4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives,leaf-leaves(落叶),wolf-wolves (狼),shelf-shelves(架子),half-halves(一半),thief-thieves(小偷)

注意:特殊情况直接加s:gulf-gulfs(海湾),roof-roofs(屋顶),belief-beliefs(信仰),proof-proofs(证据)[此处知道即可,暂时不用记]

不规则变化:

1.man-men,woman-women,policeman(男警察)-policemen,policewoman(女警察)-policewomen,mouse-mice,child(孩子)-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth(牙齿),ox-oxen(公牛)

2.fish-fish(鱼), sheep(羊)-sheep,deer-deer,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese,people-people(人,人们)

注意:

fish:①当一条鱼讲时,单复数同形,如three fish.

②当各种各样的鱼讲时,即强调鱼的种类时,要加es.如:all kinds of fishes .各种各样

的鱼

③当鱼肉讲时,不可数。

people:当people后加上s时即peoples表示“民族”例如:There are 56 peoples in China. 中国有56个民族。

实记:tomato-tomatoes(西红柿),potato-potatoes(土豆),hero-heroes(英雄)negro-negroes (黑人),volcano-volcanoes(火山)

zoo-zoos,photo-photos

不可数名词

water(水) 、milk(牛奶)、tea(茶) 、rice(米饭)、juice(果汁)、bread(面包),soup (汤),hair,meat,news(消息),work(工作),paper(纸),weather(天气),luck (运气),grass(草)

★中日不变,英法变,其余s加后面German-Germans(德国人)

1.be 动词遇到名词时的运用: 单数名词用is, 复数名词用are.

2.可数名词可以和冠词a/an连用,不可数名词前不可以用冠词a/an.

①a和an均用在单数名词之前,表示某一类人或事物中的"一个",相当于汉语的"一",但不强调数目观念。

②a用在辅音(音素)之前,an用在元音(音素)之前。如:a notebook一个笔记本,a book 一本书,an old man一位老人,an English class一堂英语课。

字母u读作[ju:]时,由于第一个音[j]是辅音,故前面用a,不用an。如:a useful book 一本有用的书,a university一所大学。字母h如不发音,第一个音又是元音,前面用an 而不用a,如an hour一小时,an honest person一个诚实的人。

3.many+可数名词、much +不可数名词(表示数量很多)

few+可数名词、little+不可数名词(表示数量极少)没几个

a few+可数名词、a little+不可数名词(表示数量极少)有几个

some, any , a lot of、lots of既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词

4、对可数名词的数量提问用how many

对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much

How many books do you have?

How much milk does he drink in the morning?

5、①可数名词的数量可以直接用数词来修饰如:two students(两个学生)

也可用many、a few 、some、any、a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等修饰。

②不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法:

1)用much ,a little ,some,any,a lot of a lot of ,lots of ,most of等表示多少。

如There is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。

I'll tell you much good news.我要告诉你许多好消息。

2)用单位词表示。(用a ... of 表示。)

如 a cup of (一杯......),a bottle of (一瓶......)

a piece of (一张......),a pair of shoes(一双鞋)

two cups of tea(两杯茶),five pieces of paper(五张纸)

名词的所有格

有些名词的可以加’s来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词的形式称为该名词的所有格。如Mary's father(玛丽的父亲) 、Jim's mother(吉姆的母亲) 。与所有格相对来看,不带这种词尾的形式就称为普通格。

1)单数名词词尾加’s,复数名词词尾如没有s,也要加’s。

如Tom's knife(汤姆的小刀) children's books(儿童书籍)

2)表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人名字后加’s,如果表示各自所有,则需

在各个名字后加’s。

如Jim and Mike's room吉姆和麦克(共用)的房间

Jim's and Mike's rooms吉姆和麦克(各自)的房间

3)若名词已有复数词尾-s,只加"'"即可。

如the students' reading-room(学生阅览室)

Everyone needs to have at least eight hours' sleep a night. 每个人每晚需要至少8小时的睡眠。

表示时间和地点的名词

where is today's newspaper? 今天的报纸在哪儿?

an hour's walk isn't far. 一小时的路程不远。

练习题

一、写出下列名词的复数,无复数用/表示。

I _________this ___________that___________watch _______ diary_________day________ foot________ book_______ dress ______________

tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____________

thief _______ peach______ sandwich _______________man______ paper_______

juice_____________water________milk________rice_________tea___________

二、填入适当的词。

1. I have two_____ (knife)

2. There are many _____ here. (box)

3. There are many _____ on the road. (bus)

4. A few _____ are drawing on the wall. (boy)

5. The _____ are playing football now. (child)

A、Teacher’s

B、Teachers’

C、Teacher

2、Many children like to go to the________Palace on Sunday.

A、Children

B、Children’s

C、Childrens’

3、This is________ room. It’s very big.

A、Lily and Lucy’s

B、Lily’s and Lucy’s

C、Lily’s and Lucy

4、We visited________house yesterday.

A、Tom

B、Toms

C、Tom’s

5. The hospital is a bit far from here. It's about _______ .

A. forty minutes's walk

B. forty minute's walk

C. forty minutes walk

D. forty minutes' walk

<一>、写出下列名词的复数形式

1、orange

2、class

3、text

4、monkey

5、piano

6、child

7、shelf

8、bed

9、country 10、family 11、toy 12、foot 13、Japanese 14、radio 15、photo 16、army 17、tomato 18、fox 19、woman 20、knife

21、sheep

<二>、选择填空

1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful.

A. are photoes

B. are photos

C. is a photo

D. is photos

2. How many ______ do you see in the picture?

A. tomatos

B. tomatoes

C. tomato

D. the tomato

3. ______ and ______ are not friends.

A. Foxs…wolfs

B. Foxes…wolfs

C. Foxes…wolves

4. Th at’s art book.

A. an

B. a

C. the D are

5. The boys get .

A. two bread

B. two breads

C. two pieces of bread

D. two piece of bread

6. The old man wants .

A. six boxes of apples

B. six boxes of apple

C. six box of apples

D. six boxs of apples

7. There some in the river.

A. is ,fish

B. are, fishs

C. is, fishs

D. are ,fish

8. There two in the box.

A. is watch

B. are watches

C. are watch

D. is watches

9. We should clean twice a day.

A .our tooth B. our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth

10. They come from different ______

A. country

B. countries

C. a country

D. countrys

11. They are______.

A . woman teachers B. women teachers C. women teacher D. woman teacher

12. Would you like _______ ,please?

A. two glass of water

B. two glasses of water

C. two glass of waters

D. two glasses of waters

13. These are the ______ of our national ______.

A. photos … heroes

B. photoes … heroes

C. photos … heros

14. There are some ______ in these _______.

A.knifes…pencil-boxes

B.knives…pencils-box

C.knives…pencil-box

D.knives…pencils-boxes

15. There is no ______ in the plate.

A. apples

B. oranges

C. rice

D. eggs

16. _______ are good for our health.

A. Tomatos

B. Tomatoes

C. Tomato

17. I like to eat cake with ______.

A. cherries

B. cherry(樱桃)

C.cherrys

18. The ______ are running on the ______.

A. deer … grasses

B. deers … grass

C. deer … grass

19. I was so hungry and I eat two ______.

A. bowls of noodle

B. bowls of noodles

C. bowl of noodles

20. How many _____ are there in your class ?

A. Japanese

B. American

C. Australian

D. Canadian

21. Most of ______ live in _______.

A. Germans, German

B. German, Germen

C. Germen, Germany

D. Germans, Germany

<三>、将以下单复数句进行转换

1 This is a knife. ______________________________________

2 That is a tomato. ______________________________________

3 That child is very good._____________________________________

4 These are mice. ______________________________________

5 Those are children. ______________________________________

<四>、选择正确的词形

1 How many (radioes, radios) can you see?

2 There are 36 (boys, boies) in my class.

3 Look at those (sheeps, sheep).

4 I don’t want (a, an) old cup.

5 Give me that (box, boxes), please.

1)写出下列名词的复数形式。

1.bag _______ 2.orange _______ 3.family _______ 4.wish _______ 5.shelf _______ 6.knife _______ 7.key _______ 8.baby _______ 9.tooth _______ 10.foot _______ 11.woman _______ 12.sheep _______ 13.Japanese _______ 14.potato _______ 15.radio _______ 16.child _______ 17.fish _______ 18.photo _______ 19.Frenchman _______ 20.man doctor _______ 21.watch _______ 22. bus _______ 23. sheep _______ 24. foot _______ 25.birthday _______ 26.housewife _______27.walkman _______

28.mouse _______ 29.beach_______

2)请用括号中名词的复数形式填空

1 Look at those _______. (child)

2 I can see a __________ standing near the door. (policeman)

3 Do you want some ________ for dinner? (potato)

4 In autumn, you can see a lot of _______ on the ground.(leaf)

5 He has two _______.One is blue , the other is yellow.( box)

6 Two ________ live in this building .( family )

3)选词填空

1、I want three________white paper.

A、pieces

B、piece of

C、pieces of

2、Do you want to drink much________ ?

A、a milk

B、milk

C、milks

3、Do you want some________for supper?

A、a potato

B、potatoes

C、potatos

4、In autumn,you can see a lot of________on the ground.

A、leaf

B、leafs

C、leaves

5、My sister has two________ . One is old,the other is new.

A、a watch

B、watchs

C、watches

6. There are some ________ on the hill.

A. sheeps

B. a sheep

C. sheep

D. sheepes

7. There are some new books in the school library. They are ____ books.

A. child

B. childrens'

C. children

D. children's

8. The hospital is a bit far from here. It's about _______ .

A. forty minutes's walk

B. forty minute's walk

C. forty minutes walk

D. forty minutes' walk

9. I found my black cat in_____ room.

A. Jim and Mike

B. Jim and Mike's

C. Jim's and Mike's

D. Jim's and Mike

10. How much are the _____ ?

A. bread

B. meats.

C. potatos

D. tomatoes

11. There are many ______ in our school.

A. woman teachers

B. woman's teachers

C. women teachers

D. women's teachers

12. Three months ________ a long time for me.

A. is

B. are

C. have

D. has

13. There are ______ and ______ on the table.

A. two boxes cake; four bottle of oranges

B. two boxes cake; four bottle of orange

C. two boxes of cakes; four bottles of orange

D. two box of cakes; four bottles of oranges

14、They come from Japan.They’re ______ .

A、Japanese

B、Japaneses

C、a Japanese

15、There are ______ on the plate.

A、two meat

B、two meats

C、two pieces of meat

16、Some ______ are coming to help us.

A、peoples

B、people

C、the people

小学英语名词 讲解及练习

第二课时语法知识词法(1) 一、名词 表示某一事物,有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。 强调:不可数名词都默认为单数,最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断,以免受误导。 1、可数名词如何变“复数形式”: a.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ; 读音:清辅音后读[s],浊辅音和元音后读[z]。 b.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,watch-watches; 读音:[iz]。 c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, fly-flies ; 读音:[z]。 d.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives ;读音:[z]。e.以“o”结尾的词,分两种情况 1)有生命的+es 读音:[z] 如:mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes 2) 无生命的+s 读音:[z] 如:photo-photos radio-radios f. 不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, 2、不可数名词没有复数。 如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量,就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”。

小学英语名词讲解及练习

小学英语名词讲解及练习 一、名词的概念: 名词时某个人或物的名称,或是某类人或物的抽象名称。 如:student desk chair water milk … 二、名词的分类: 名词分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。名词在句子中作主语,宾语或表语等。 1.普通名词普通名词是某类人、事件、物体和抽象概念的名称。根据所指代物体的特征,普通名词又可分为以下四类: A.个体名词: 表示人或物体中可以数清的单个体。如:student(学生)、pen(钢笔)、 bird(鸟)等。 B.集体名词: (即集合名词)表示由个体组成的集合体。如:people(人民)、police(警 察)、family(家庭)等 C.物质名词: 表示构成物体物质的不可数名词,或表示无法分为个体的物质的名词。 如:water(水)、air(空气)、wood(木头) 等。 D.抽象名词: 表示动作、状态、品质、情感等非具体化的抽象概念。如:work(工作)、 peace(和平)、love(爱)等。 2. 专有名词: 专有名词是某些人、事物、机构、组织等特有的名称。主要包括:人名、地名、国名、党派名称等。如:Churchill(丘吉尔)、

Tokyo(东京)、China(中国)等。 三、可数名词和不可数名词。 1、可数名词: 一般来说个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 例如: a book, two books, a student, three students, a family, many families。 名词单数变复数变化如下: 1.词尾直接加S 如:cat——cats bag——bags day——days 2.以S, SH, CH, X 结尾的词加es如:class——classes match——matches box----- boxes dish ---- dishes 3.以辅音加y 结尾的词变y 为i, 加es. 元音加y 结尾的词直接加s, 如: party----part ies city----cities story----stories boy---- toys monkey----- monkeys key---- keys 等. 4.以f 或fe 结尾的词, 变f 或fe 为v, 加es, 如: wife ---- wives half---- halves 注意特殊情况直接加“S”,要逐个记chiefs,handkerchiefs, roofs. 5.以辅音加o 结尾的词常有生命的一般加es 如: tomatoes, potatoes, heroes. 无生命的一般加s. 如:radios, zoos, pianos, photos 名词的复数并不规则变化: 单复数同形:sheep -----sheep fish----fish deer ----deer people -----people 特殊变化:man-men, woman-women, tooth---teeth, goose---geese, foot---feet, child--children, mouse-mice 2、不可数名词 不可数名词不能用数字计算包括物质名词( air, water等)及抽象名词(advice, hate)等。所以它通常只有单数形式。如:English, air, water, cotton, work… 不可数名词表示数量时,可以用量词来表达(量词有复数形式)其结构是数词+量词

小学名词讲解及练习

名词 一. 名词的意义和种类 1.名词意义: 表示人、事物或抽象概念的词。如:Shanghai, Lilei, desk 2.名词的种类: A.专有名词:表示人名、月份、日期、地名等。如:Jim, June, China, Harbin. 注意:(1)第一个字母要大写;(2)专有名词前不加冠词,也没有复数。 B.普通名词:表示某人或者某事物的名称。 (1)个体名词:表单个的人或者事物。如:boy, teacher, apple… (2)集体名词:表一群人或一些事物的总称。如:family, people, police, class… (3)物质名词:表无法分为个体的物质。如:water, money, sea… (4)抽象名词:表抽象概念的词。如:health, friendship… 二. 名词的数 A.可数名词(个体名词和集体名词):有单复数之分 1.规则变化 2.不规则变化 a.常见的有:man-men, foot-feet, mouse-mice, child-children, woman-women, tooth-teeth… b. 单复数同型: deer fish sheep Chinese Japanese c. 有些名词通常只有复数形式,谓语动词也用复数,这些名词有:glasses, clothes, trousers… d. 表示“某国人”的名词单复数变化如下: (中日友好永不变) a Chinese---two Chinese; a Japanese--- four Japanese (英法联盟a变e) an English--- eight Englishmen; an Frenchman---nine Frenchmen (其他后面加s) a German---five Germans B.不可数名词(物质名词和抽象名词)一般用单数形式。 三.复合名词的复数变化规则 man和woman都要变,girl和boy却不变 四.名词的格 A. 有生命的名词所有格: 1、名词+’s 例:汤姆的姐姐Tom’s sister;孩子们的书包 children’s schoolbags

小学英语名词讲解及练习复习过程

小学英语名词讲解及 练习

小学英语名词讲解及练习 一、名词:名词是所有事物的名称,包括人、物及抽象概念。名词分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。名词在句子中作主语,宾语或表语等。 1.普通名词普通名词是某类人、事件、物体和抽象概念的名称。根据所指代物体的特征,普通名词又可分为以下四类: A.个体名词: 表示人或物体中可以数清的单个体。如:student(学生)、pen (钢笔)、bird(鸟)等。 B.集体名词: (即集合名词)表示由个体组成的集合体。如:people(人民)、police(警察)、family(家庭)等 C.物质名词: 表示构成物体物质的不可数名词,或表示无法分为个体的物质的名词。如:water(水)、air(空气)、wood(木头)等。 D.抽象名词 : 表示动作、状态、品质、情感等非具体化的抽象概念。如:work (工作)、peace(和平)、love(爱)等。 2. 专有名词 : 专有名词是某些人、事物、机构、组织等特有的名称。主要包括:人名、地名、国名、党派名称等。如:Churchill(丘吉尔)、Tokyo(东京)、China(中国)等。

找出下列笑话中的可数名词 In the market, a buyer asked a seller “How much is this cat, please?” “100 dollars.” “But you only asked for 20 dollars yesterday!” “Yes, that’s true. But this cat ate a bird last night and the bird was worth 80 dollars!” 二、可数名词和不可数名词。 1) 可数名词: 一般来说个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 例如: a book, two books, a student, three students, a family, many families。 名词单数变复数变化如下: 1.词尾直接加 S 如:cat——cats bag——bags day——days 2.以 S, SH, CH, X 结尾的词加 ES 如:class——classes match——matches box----- boxes dish ---- dishes 3.以辅音加 Y 结尾的词变 Y 为 I, 加 ES. 元音加 Y 结尾的词直接加 S, 如: party----parties city----cities story----stories boy---- toys monkey----- monkeys key---- keys 等. 4.以 F 或 FE 结尾的词, 变 F 或 FE 为 V, 加 ES, 如: wife ---- wives half---- halves 注意特殊情况直接加“S”,要逐个记 chiefs,handkerchiefs, roofs. 5.以辅音加 O 结尾的词常加 ES, 如: tomatoes, potatoes, heroes. 元音加 O 结尾直接加 S. 如:radios, zoos, pianos.特殊情况: photos 6.名词单数变复数特殊变化也要逐个记得如: man-men, woman-women, tooth---teeth, goose---geese, foot---feet, child--children, mouse-mice 2) 不可数名词

(完整版)小学英语名词讲解与练习

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2). 加es,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes 3). 上述a和b两种方法均可,如zero---zeros / zeroes。 f. 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时: 1). 加s,如:belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes gulf---gulfs 2). 去f, fe 加ves,如:half---halves knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves 3). 上述a和b两种方法均可,如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。 3. 名词复数的不规则变化 1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women 注意:由一个词加man 或woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men 和-women,如an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。 2)单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese ,yuan等。 4. 名词所有格 1)在英语中有些名词可以加“’s”来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,例如:Where’s Lin Tao’s bike?林涛的自行车在哪? 2)如果原词已经有复数词尾-s,则仅仅加一个“’”,例如:teachers’ office老师的办公室 3)如果是复数,但不带词尾-s,则仍然加“’s”,例如:those men’s hats 那些男士的帽子 4)如果表示各自的所有关系时,名词末尾均需加“’s”,例如:Jim’s and Kate’s glasses 吉姆和凯特各自的眼镜 5)如果表示共同的所有关系时,仅在最后一词的末尾加“’s”,例如:Jim and Kate’s kite 吉姆和凯特的风筝(两个人共同拥有的)

(完整版)小学英语名词变复数练习题

一、名词 2.以下词为常为不可数名词,他们的复数形式就是他们本身。 Water(水) milk(牛奶) tea(茶) rice(米饭) orange(橙汁)juice(果汁)bread(面包)写出下列各词的复数 I _________this ___________that___________ watch _______child _______photo ________diary _________ day________ foot________ book_______ dress ______________ tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____________ thief _______ man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice_______ water________ milk________ rice__________ tea_____ 名词单复数 (1)名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,不可数名词没有单复数,一律看作单数。(2)可数名词的单数前什么时候用a,什么时候用an? 答:以元音音标(或音素)开头的用an。 以辅音音标(或音素)开头的用a。 注意:我们看的是音标(或音素),而不是元音字母。 一、选择a或an或不填(用/表示) pen bag apple big apple banana orange oranges orange pen ③单复同形的名词有: chinese 中国人Japanese日本人 sheep 绵羊 deer 鹿 fish 鱼 注意:fish①当一条鱼讲时,单复数同形,如three fish.②当各种各样的鱼讲时,即强调鱼的种类时,要加es. 如:all kinds[kaindz] of fishes .各种各样的鱼③当鱼肉讲时,不可数。 5.不规则名词复数: 1. I have two_____ (knife)

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