川外 2015 年真题基础英语

科目代码：611

四川外国语大学

XXXX年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

科目名称：基础英语

答题要求：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，否则不给分。全卷150分，3小时完成。

I.Fill in the blanks in the sentences with the appropriate words derived from the words given in the parentheses at the end of the sentences,and write the answers on the Answer Sheet.(15points)

1.The International Monetary Fund was established in to the irresponsible monetary practices that contributed to the Great Depression.(react)

2.Some scholars have called for an in-depth of the social construction and use of the concept itself.(investigate)

3.All cultural translation necessitates some and simplification.(interpret)

4.It is important to note the between method and methodology.Method refers to the range of techniques that are available to us to collect evidence about the social world. Methodology,however,concerns the research strategy as a whole.(distinct)

5.Modern state boundaries are largely a of colonial histories and rivalries.(reflect)

6.Wealth and in this view are two sides of the same coin.(poor)

7.The process of spatial thinking involves a continuum from spatial,through spatial perception and spatial reasoning,and finally to spatial judgment.(aware)

8.Prescriptive theory recommends the of particular policies to realize objectives. (adopt)

9.An hour sitting with a pretty girl on a park bench passes like a minute,but a minute sitting on

a hot stove seems like an hour.That is.(relative)

10.Great spirits have always encountered violent from mediocre minds.(oppose)

11.Limitations of computation have been studied thoroughly from both practical and

points of view.(theory)

12.A illness confined him to bed for over a month.(mystery)

13.The practical application of urban ecology is tied closely to ideas associated with development of cities.(sustain)

14.A frequent misconception about globalization holds that it always is.(benefit)

15.Contemporary Bulgarians have achieved excellence in many art forms,and some of their

artists,such as opera singers,have gained worldwide.(recognize)

II.There are15incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there four choices marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.Then write the answers on the Answer Sheet.(15points)

1.In The Art of Rhetoric Aristotle up rhetoric into the stages in which arguments are

produced,arranged,and expressed in discourse—namely,invention,composition,and style.

A.realized

B.recognized

C.wound

D.divided

2.There are two broadly views about the nature of knowledge,or what we call

competing paradigms.

A.diverse

B.decimal

C.divergent

D.deficit

3.The third key advantage for adopting a multi-strategy approach in your research is that it is

likely to assist you in gaining a complete of the matter you are investigating.

A.overview

B.overlook

C.oversee

D.oversize

4.If matter could be entirely to energy,a single paper clip would provide the same energy as the atomic bomb that destroyed the Japanese city Hiroshima.

A.contributed

B.connected

C.conveyed

D.converted

5.The1960s and1970s also the creation of many new states as former colonies in the Caribbean,Africa,and Asia achieved their formal political independence from colonial powers.

A.altered

B.shaped

C.filed

D.witnessed

6.The word democracy from the Greek words meaning“the people”and“to rule.”

A.originates

B.infers

C.judges

D.inherits

7.When birth rates drop below death rates,a society experiences population growth.

A.positive

B.active

C.negative

D.vigorous

8.He emigrated to the USA in1933and he never visited Germany again.

A.for all

B.for good

C.far from

D.so far

9.A baby born at seven months is considered because it has not developed fully.

A.premature

B.normal

C.prevalent

D.odd

10.Explaining why something happens involves a“cause”and a“result.”

A.peeling

B.mediating

C.initiating

D.identifying

11.Clear ideas,then,are ideas that faithfully reflect the objective order from which they derive.

Unclear ideas,,are those that give us a distorted representation of the objective world.

A.conversely

B.frankly

C.conventionally

D.ridiculously

12.As death rates dropped,the populations of industrializing countries increased dramatically.

This change was also accompanied by a from the extended family to the nuclear family.

A.preference

B.favor

C.shift

D.shaft

13.He considers that the theory of Evolution is quite with the belief in a God.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/125118123.html,pulsory

B.prior

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/125118123.html,patible

D.superior

14.Insufficient sample size may lead to conclusions.

A.sound

B.valid

C.rational

D.erroneous

15.In particular,when a solid object is completely in water,the volume of the water

displaced must be equal to the volume of the object.

A.immersed

B.dived

C.bathed

D.soaked

III.CLOSE(20points)

Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.Write the best choice for each blank on the Answer Sheet.

In some parts of the Amazon rain forest in Brazil,all the trees have been cut down.The earth lies1and dry in the hot sun.Nothing grows there anyhow.

Over vast areas of every__2__,the rain forest and vegetation necessary for life are __3__.Already more than50percent of the earth’s land is desert or desert-like.About128 million people,one out of seven,live in these dry regions.In the past,they4to survive, but with difficulty.Now,largely through problems caused by modern life,their existence is

5by the slow,steady spread of the earth’s desert.

Many countries first became6in the1920s after terrible drought and famine __7__Africa’s Sahel,the fragile desert along the south edge of the Sahara.Thousands of people died__8__there was a worldwide effort to send food and medicine to the__9__people.

Droughts and crop10are not new in desert regions.They have been a__11__of life for thousands of years.Few people lived in desert regions in the past.They kept few animals,and they moved__12__.Today’s problems are caused__13__great part by distinctly modern factors.In the Sahel,for example,Africans14from improvements in public health and modern farming methods.New water wells__15__people to settle down on the land near the wells.The population grew.Farmers planted more crops and enlarged their16 of cattle,sheep,and goats.They became17on the new wells.When the__18__came, the crops failed and the cattle ate all the grass around the overworked__19__.The fragile land quickly lost its topsoil and then,became__20__but sand and dust.

1. A.smooth B.bare C.vacant D.empty

2. A.continent B.crust C.territory D.peninsula

3. A.dying B.extending C.disappearing D.stretching

4. A.managed B.resolved C.afforded D.yearned

5. A.inspired B.threatened C.risked D.hailed

6. A.confirmed B.concerned C.conformed D.confessed

7. A.destroyed B.elevated C.spoiled D.intensified

8. A.nevertheless B.so that C.in case D.even though

9. A.undermining B.declining C.requiring D.starving

10. A.defeats B.yields C.failures D.frustrations

11. A.crisis B.necessity C.fact D.threat

12. A.abnormally B.frequently C.concretely D.linearly

13. A.in B.for C.on D.from

14. A.stemmed B.derived C.skipped D.benefited

15. A.tied B.made C.encouraged D.limited

16. A.swarms B.packs C.schools D.herds

17. A.attached B.dependent C.relied D.reliable

18. A.drought B.danger C.famine D.problem

19. A.crops B.wells C.rivers D.farms

20. A.anything B.everything C.nothing D.something

IV.OULINE(10points)

Read the following passage,and then fill in the blanks in the follow-up outline for the passage.Write the outline on the Answer Sheet.Make sure that each component of the outline is completed in a FULL sentence,that your sentences are as SUMMARY as possible,and that the original sequence and directing words of the outline are NOT CHANGED.

People are mistaken who believe the high Rockies are hard to climb.To the traveler who has passed through the plains of Kansas and eastern Colorado,the high Rockies might seem like a beautiful but forbidding wilderness,approachable by only the toughest mountaineers.It is true that the53peaks in the Rockies that soar over14,000feet in elevation should only be attempted by seasoned climbers.However,the peaks under14,000feet,the fourteeners,can be easily climbed by the average person.Actually,climbing Colorado’s fourteeners is hardly a rugged experience because most of them take only a day to climb,involve no more than hiking and simple scrambling,and are conquered by many people each year.

Surprisingly,unlike expeditions to Mt.McKinley or Mt.Everest,a climb up one of Colorado’s14,000foot peaks rarely takes more than a day.Pike’s Peak,with the state’s greatest base-to-summit elevation gain,is admittedly a strenuous climb,yet a retired college professor in his middle seventies makes the hike every day in the summer.A friend of mine,Carson Black,in a day,once climbed four fourteeners,three of which—Crestone Peak,Crestone Needle,and Kit Carson Peak—are the most challenging in the state.Even more revealing is the Bicentennial celebration by the Colorado Mountain Club.It planned to have members on the summit of every fourteener in the state on July4,1976.Only a handful of ascents took more than a day.

Colorado’s14,000-foot peaks are also fairly easy to climb because they require no special climbing techniques.The“knife-edge traverse”on Capitol Peak is probably the most infamous challenge,yet most hikers who carry ropes don’t use them when they see the ridge is not very intimidating.The highest peak in the state,Mt.Elbert,is so simple to climb that a jeep made it in1949,and one man“rode a24-year-old bicycle to the summit in1951”(Perry Eberhart and Philip Schmuck,The Fourteeners,p.38).I personally saw two motorcycles on the14,000-foot ridge between Mt.Democrat and Mt.Lincoln.

Another indication that climbing Colorado’s highest peaks is not very difficult is the sheer number of people who succeed each summer.After descending from Torrey’s Peak one weekend in August,I counted over seventy cars in the parking lot.On a week the previous August,I passed fifty people in various stages of climbing Mt.Elbert.Even years ago—in

1968—4226people climbed Longs Peak(Paul W.Nesbit,Longs Peak,p.68).Its parking lot today,to accommodate the number of climbers,is about a quarter-mile long.

If I’ve shattered your belief that Colorado’s peaks are the domain of only bears and mountain men who look like bears,consider how Zebulon Pike might feel about Pikes Peak today.In1806,he“predicted that the mountain would never be climbed”(Eberhart and Schmuck,p.6).Now,via the cog railway or the toll highway,he could reach the summit without moving his legs.

I.Introduction

Thesis Statement:

II.Body

A.Body Paragraph1:

B.Body Paragraph2:

C.Body Paragraph3:

III.Conclusion:

V.READING COMPREHENSION(90points)

READING PASSAGE1

Questions1-11are based on the following passage.

1Each year,business executives around the world struggle to find original and catchy names for their companies and their companies’products.According to business experts,these decisions are among the most important decisions that firms ever make.A name is the first point of contact that a company has with the world,and it can be an effective marketing tool. And respected names have value.When a company is sold,there is often a fee for transferring the company name to the new owners.The rights to the names Indian Motorcycles and Pan Am Airlines were sold years after those companies went https://www.wendangku.net/doc/125118123.html,s are so important that some companies hire special naming firms that develop a list of names,test them at focus groups,screen them to be sure they are available,and then trademark the final selections.How do firms decide on names?Here are a few of the ways companies play the name game:

2Some companies choose straightforward names.These may include the name or names of the founders(Proctor&Gamble,Hewlett Packard),the place where they first did business (Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing,Mutual of New York),or their primary products (General Electric,General Motors).To make a straightforward name memorable,though,is a challenge.

3Some companies are mainly identified by initials.International Business Machines is almost universally called IBM,American Telephone and Telegraph has become AT&T and Kentucky Fried Chicken has consciously chosen to be known as KFC.In some cases,though,it is not exactly clear what the initials stand for:The computer company NBI’s initials stand for “Nothing But Initials.”Or take the case of IKEA,the Swedish design firm:The initials IK come from the name of the founder,Ingvar Komrat.The E comes from the name of his family

farm,Elmtaryd,and the A comes from the nearby town of Agunnaryd.Some firms create names by a process called“morpheme construction,”first shortening and then fusing parts of the company’s full names.For example,United information Systems is generally referred to as Unisys and Federal Express as FedEx.FedEx saved money with its new name too:the shorter name cost$1,000less to paint on each of the company’s10,000trucks.Some companies use unusual spellings of common names:Cingular for Singular,Citibank for City Bank,and Sunkist for Sun Kissed.

4Some companies choose names that are inspired by other company names.According to the founder of the Carnation Evaporated Milk Company,the name for his product was suggested,strangely enough,by a brand of cigars known as Carnations.Steve Jobs,founder of Apple Computers,was a Beatles fan,and he named his company after Apple Records,the label founded by the Beatles.This“borrowing”is perfectly legal as long as the two companies are not in the same line of business.(Reportedly,Steve Jobs had to sign an agreement not to produce records.)However,in some cases,company lawyers have said that use of their name, or even part of their name,results in“dilution”of the strength of that name,and they have sued other companies to prevent this.Toys-B-Us,for example,has tried to protect the“Fi-Us”portion of their name even when it has been applied to completely different products,such as cheese or flowers or guns,and McDonald’s has tried to prevent companies from using the“Mc”prefix that has been used for many of their products.

5Some firms have chosen names that have nothing to do with their business.Apple is not in the fruit business;it makes computers.Bed Pepper does not sell spices;it sells software. Domino’s has nothing to do with games;it makes pizza.A number of companies have chosen off-the-wall or playful names for their products.There are those naming experts who warn against this,saying that consumers will not take these seriously,and in the case of https://www.wendangku.net/doc/125118123.html,, they may have been right:This women’s fashion company went bankrupt in no time.However, https://www.wendangku.net/doc/125118123.html,,Google,and Yahoo!have succeeded despite—or maybe because of—their unusual names.

6Some corporations have turned to other languages for names.A company or product name may come from Latin(Aquafina bottled water,Avis car rentals,Volvo automobiles)or Greek (Amphion multimedia,Oreo cookies),Spanish(El Pollo Loco fast food restaurants,Fuego technology),Danish(Haagen-Dazs ice cream),or Hawaiian(Akamai internet technology). Other companies borrow from mythology:Nike shoes,Ajax cleanser,and Midas mufflers are all named after figures in classical myths.

7Some names are totally invented.One advantage for a corporation in making up a name is that this name is then the unambiguous property of the company,and it is easy to trademark. Some of these coined names,while not real words,are suggestive of actual words.For example, Nyquil,a brand of cough medicine meant to be taken at night,suggests the words night and tranquil.Aleve,a pain medicine,is reminiscent of the word relieve,and Acura is similar to the word accurate.Other coined names are completely meaningless:Exxon,Kodak,Xerox,and SONY are examples of successful names of this type.Not all coined names are well liked.The

famed entrepreneur Donald Trump once said that the corporate name Allegis sounded like“a world class disease.”That’s because the names of so many diseases—arthritis,gingivitis, encephalitis—end in-is.

8Choosing good names becomes more difficult when a firm markets internationally.Today, through the Internet,even small businesses often do business in several countries.Sometimes the leap from one language to another can be positive;the Chinese pictogram for the sounds of the name Coca-Cola contains the words for“delicious”and“leisure.”More often,though,a problem occurs.The classic example of an international naming gaffe is that of the General Motors car called the https://www.wendangku.net/doc/125118123.html,d for an exploding star,the Nova was a reliable car,but its sales were never brisk in Spanish-speaking countries.This was supposedly because Nova could be read as no va in Spanish,meaning“It does not go.”In German,the word mist means dirt or manure,so Country Mist makeup and the nasal spray Primatene Mist had to be renamed for the German market.A food company literally made a big mistake when it named a burrito Burrada. (Burrada means“big mistake”in Spanish.)Bran Buds,a type of breakfast cereal,sounds like “burnt farmers”in Swedish,and the word Dainty,the name of a type of soap,sounds like the word for“aloof”in Finnish and like the word for“stupid”in Farsi.Firms and products from English-speaking countries are not the only ones with problematic names:Bimbo bread from Spain,Zit soft drinks from Greece,Creap coffee creamer from Japan,Swine chocolates from China,and Pocari Sweat sports drink from Japan may do well in their regional markets,but would probably not be very successful in English-speaking countries.The name of the Japanese computer maker Toshiba sounds like“tou-chu-ba”to speakers of Mandarin Chinese. This phrase means“Let’s steal it.”

9The lessons from naming mix-ups is that global marketers must do their homework.They must make sure that the names they choose are easy to pronounce and that they do not have any negative linguistic or cultural meanings in the target language.For large international businesses—in fact,for any company of any size—playing the name game is a serious business.

1.According to the reading,what role do focus groups play in naming companies and products?

A.They help naming companies determine if a name is acceptable.

B.They think up original,attractive names.

C.They make sure that a name has not already been trademarked.

D.They select names from a list.

2.What does the author say about Kentucky Fried Chicken?

A.It may change its name in the near future.

B.It has tried to prevent its name from being shortened.

C.It prefers to be known by initials rather than by its full name.

D.It may soon merge with another corporation.

3.What do the initials E and A refer to in the name IKEA?

A.Nothing;they are meaningless initials.

B.They refer to the founder’s first and last names.

C.They are the first letters of the Swedish words for desig n and firm.

D.They refer to the founder’s farm and a nearby town.

4.Which of the following name changes is an example of morpheme construction?

A.3M in place of Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing.

B.Nabisco in place of National Biscuit Company.

C.Widget Works International in place of the U.S.Widget Corporation.

D.Nu Foto Studios in place of New Photo Studios.

5.When Federal Express changed its name to FedEx,which of the following could be reduced?

A.The cost of painting its trucks.

B.The number of trucks that it owned.

C.The number of drivers that it employed.

D.The size of the trucks that it used.

6.What did Steve Jobs reportedly have to agree to when he named his company Apple?

A.Not to perform in a musical group.

B.To pay a fee to the Beatles for the use of their name.

C.Not to go into the recording business.

D.To produce only computers.

7.Which of these names for a new company would Toys-R-Us probably object to?

A.Toys-R-Fun.

B.McToys,Inc..

C.Games-R-Us.

D.Chocolates-4-U.

8.What is learned in the reading about https://www.wendangku.net/doc/125118123.html,?

A.It now makes men’s fashions as well as women’s fashions.

B.It was not in business for long.

C.Today it has a more conventional name.

D.Although naming experts thought it was a poor name,it turned out to be successful.

9.Which of these questions can NOT be answered by reading the sixth paragraph of the reading?

A.What language does the name Akamai come from?

B.What do the names Nike,Ajax,and Midas have in common?

C.What does the word Urea mean in Greek?

D.What type of product does the Haagen-Dazs company make?

10.Which of these product names can be translated in an unintended way in TWO languages?

A.Bran Buds cereal.

B.Dainty soap.

C.Country Mist makeup.

D.Toshiba computers.

11.Translate the following sentences which is from the end of the first paragraph of the

passage.Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.

Names are so important that some companies hire special naming firms that develop a list of names,test them at focus groups,screen them to be sure they are available,and then trademark the final selections.How do firms decide on names?Here are a few of the ways companies play the name game:

READING PASSAGE2

Questions12-22are based on the following passage.

1Cars today are smart.No,they may not be smart enough to change their own oil or find the lost coins in their seats,but they are smart and getting smarter.The average car today has more computing power than the1969Apollo11spacecraft that carried the first astronauts to the moon.Every car produced today has at least one computer for monitoring fuel consumption and pollution controls.The average car uses twelve computerized devices,and high-end cars have many more,controlling everything from the sunroof to the braking system.In the near future,cars may be virtually stuffed with computer chips from front fender to taillight.That’s because motorists enjoy computerized gadgets,and providing these little devices is cheaper for automakers than building a better engine or making other engineering changes that might actually be more important.

2Many of the smart features we are seeing today are safety-related.Some are systems to avoid collisions.These may use sonar,radar,lasers,computers,or video cameras,or some combination of these.These systems beep or warn drivers with a voice signal if the vehicle gets too close to an object or another vehicle or if it strays out of its lane.The system can suggest actions to the driver or even temporarily take control to avoid accidents.Another safety device is a smart airbag system.To deploy airbags with the minimum necessary force,sensors determine an occupant’s weight and size and the severity of impact.This system should reduce the number of children hurt by airbags that open too vigorously.Another system can automatically notify emergency services that an accident has happened and,using a Global Positioning System(GPS),can pinpoint the location of the vehicle for police and rescue units. This“mayday system”can save precious minutes and many lives.

3One of the most convenient aspects of smart cars is their ability to navigate.Drivers tell them where they want to go and then,by means of a GPS navigation device and computerized maps,smart cars can figure out the best ways to reach the drivers’destinations.The cars can show the information on a map or give drivers voice directions.They can even correct drivers if they make a mistake(“I TOLD you to turn LEFT back there,you idiot!”).Using communication devices connected to the Internet,cars can inform drivers of problems ahead-construction work,traffic jams,and accidents—and then suggest different routes to the drivers’offices,favorite pizza places,or closest shopping malls.

4Smart cars create problems as well,however.One problem is how to control all this automotive technology.More buttons take more of the drivers’attention.Even voice controls

are distracting for drivers.A recent study showed that drivers talking on handheld cell phones were four times more likely to be involved in accidents as drivers who were not.In fact,drivers using cell phones were almost as likely to be involved in accidents as those who were legally https://www.wendangku.net/doc/125118123.html,ing voice controls,even a hands-free system,might prove to be as distracting as chatting on the phone.Nevertheless,the auto industry’s answer to the control problem so far has been voice control.When it comes to simple tasks—changing channels on the radio or opening the trunk—voice controls work well enough.But it is probably not the best method for directing more difficult operations such as navigating the Internet or controlling the car itself. Engine noise,highway noise,and the music on the stereo tend to garble instructions,and voice recognition systems often cannot decipher strong accents.

5No matter how smart cars become,they cannot solve all the problems facing a“car-crazy”world by themselves.Anyone who has traveled by car in or around almost any city in the world knows that the problem of traffic congestion is becoming worse every year.Cars,buses,and trucks caught up in the chronic traffic jams in the cities waste vast amounts of fuel and pour pollution into the atmosphere.Then there are the terrible statistics for highway fatalities.In the United States alone,over40,000people die a year.Around the world,it is believed that between800,000and1.15million perish in automobile accidents annually.Some transportation planners believe that better mass transportation is the answer—more monorails,subways,and bullet trains.Other analysts believe that there will always be a demand for the convenience and independence of private automobiles.The traditional solution has been to simply build more roads.However,another solution lies in self-driving vehicles operating on automated “intelligent”roadways.

6What is an“intelligent”roadway?One type of automated highway features one or more lanes on which vehicles with special sensors and communications systems can travel completely under computer control.The vehicles follow each other at closely spaced intervals in groups called“platoons.”(Some lanes would also have to be open to conventional cars.) Vehicles in platoons traveling on the automated lanes would be temporarily linked into communications networks.These vehicles could then constantly exchange information about speed,acceleration,braking,and so on.To keep vehicles in their lanes and control their speed and direction,cars might use magnemeters,devices that sense magnets buried in the roadbed. One expert has said that the typical highway lane today can handle2,000vehicles per hour but estimated that an intelligent highway lane could accommodate up to6,000vehicles,depending on the number of entrances and exits.

7The technology required to operate an automated highway already exists and has been tested.On a stretch of San Diego Expressway platoon of seven smart Buick LaSabres traveled on a lane of intelligent highway.The cars tailgated one another about5meters apart at around 105kilometers per hour.The drivers sat back and sipped their lattes.They said that traveling that fast and that close together with no control was exciting and a little frightening at first,but that,in a short time,it became rather humdrum.

8But don’t plan to have your car chauffeur you to work any time soon.For one thing,the

cost would be staggering.Even equipping one lane of traffic on the busiest urban expressways with the necessary technology would be too expensive to do in the near future.Installing the required equipment on cars would also add thousands of dollars to the cost of new cars. Besides,many people would not trust self-driven cars.Much of the public has a warped sense of risk.Some people hesitate to fly even though studies show that flying is safer than driving. That’s because every plane crash is highly publicized,while individual automobile accidents are not.Similarly,although automated cars would certainly be safer than standard cars,when an accident occurred it would probably involve hundreds of deaths and injuries.Even a few such accidents would probably cause the public to call for the closing of automated roads.

12.What feature of today’s Cars does the author compare to a feature on the Apollo11 spacecraft?

A.Their computing power.

B.Their fuel systems.

C.Their navigational systems.

D.Their passenger space.

13.What prediction does the author make about computer chips in cars in the near future?

A.They will be replaced by another type of technology.

B.They will become less numerous but more powerful.

C.They will all be controlled by two main computers,one in the front of the car and one in

the rear.

D.They will increase in number.

14.In case of an emergency,a collision avoidance system would probably NOT be able to do which of the following?

A.Alert the driver with a beeping sound.

B.Say to the driver,“Danger！Stay in your own lane!”

C.Contact the driver of an approaching car.

D.Apply the brakes to slow the car.

15.Which of these questions could NOT be answered by the airbag system described in the second paragraph in the event of an accident?

A.How much does the passenger sitting in the front seat weigh?

B.How did the accident occur?

C.How hard was the impact?

D.How tall is the driver?

16.Which of these conclusions does the study that is mentioned in the fourth paragraph support?

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/125118123.html,ing voice controls is not as dangerous as talking on a cell phone while driving.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/125118123.html,ing buttons to control a car’s technology is not as safe as using voice controls.

C.Driving while talking on a cell phone is much more dangerous than driving after drinking.

D.Talking on a cell phone while driving is not safe.

17.According to the author,which of these voice commands might be appropriate for a driver to give a smart car?

A.“Turn left at the next traffic light.”

B.“Turn up the air conditioner a little.”

C.“Connect me to the Internet and send this e-mail to my boss.”

D.“Hit the brakes!”

18.Which of these automobile problems is NOT mentioned as one facing a“car-crazy”world?

A.Air pollution caused by traffic jams.

B.The high numbers of traffic deaths.

C.Economic losses from traffic accidents.

D.Constant traffic congestion in urban areas.

19.A lane of an intelligent highway could probably handle the maximum number of cars (6,000)in which of these situations?

A.If the roads were equipped with larger magnets.

B.If the roads were also open to“non-smart”cars.

C.If there were only a few exits and entrances.

D.If drivers were required to drink lattes.

20.According to the author,how did the passengers in the self-driven cars tested in San Diego feel about the trip?

A.At first they were excited,and then they became very frightened.

B.At first they found it interesting and even frightening,but then it became dull.

C.They were upset because they lacked control over their own vehicles.

D.They were happy and fascinated for the entire time.

21.According to the author,what mistake does the public often make?

A.Predicting how much projects such as building intelligent roads will cost.

B.Guessing how long it will take to make highways safer and easier to use.

C.Determining how much people will benefit from technology.

D.Estimating how dangerous certain forms of transportation are.

22.Translate the following sentences which is at the second half of the last paragraph of the passage.Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.

Some people hesitate to fly even though studies show that flying is safer than driving.That’s because every plane crash is highly publicized,while individual automobile accidents are not. Similarly,although automated cars would certainly be safer than standard cars,when an accident occurred it would probably involve hundreds of deaths and injuries.

READING PASSAGE3

Questions23-32are based on the following passage.

How to Apply for Admission

To be considered for freshman admission,complete the following application requirements.All items needed to complete an application must arrive in the Office of

Admission by the deadline.(If you plan to submit December test scores,visit the Testing and Test Scores page for details.)

Find out about the time needed to process documents submitted by mail and fax.

?Summer/Fall Deadline:December1

?Spring Deadline:October1

Application Requirements

Application?Submit your completed Apply Texas Application(the online

application is preferred).The online summer/fall application opens

on August1.

?Scholarship applicants must apply for admission using the online

Apply Texas Application for Admission.

Essays?Include two admission essays;the easiest way to submit your essays

is with your Apply Texas online application.

?Visit the Essays page for prompts,options for submitting your essays,

and tips on writing your essays.

Official high school transcript ?An official transcript includes the school’s official seal or the signature of a school official,your class rank and size,and your high school coursework,usually through the end of the junior year.?Visit the Transcripts page for details.

High school coursework requirements(other items as needed)?If you are on track to meet the state’s high school coursework requirements,the transcript you submit should indicate that you will graduate under the Recommended or Distinguished/Advanced High School Program.

?You must also submit information about your senior-year coursework; visit the Transcript page for details.

?Some students may also need to submit an exemption form and complete other requirements.Visit the High School Coursework Requirements page for details.

Test scores?Have official SAT Reasoning or ACT(including writing test)scores

sent directly to UT Austin from the testing agency.

?Scores on transcripts and student score reports don’t fulfill this

requirement.

?Visit the Testing&Test Scores page for details.

Non-refundable $60application processing fee($90 for international applicants)?Online payment preferred;pay by credit card(MasterCard or Visa)if paid while applying online.

?If you believe that you may qualify for a fee waiver based on financial need,mail or fax us a copy of your SAT or ACT test fee waiver or a letter from your high school counselor or principal explaining your financial situation and reason for needing an

admission application fee waiver.

Additional requirements(if applicable)?Program-specific requirements:applicants may need to submit additional items to be considered for admission to certain majors.?International students who qualify for Texas residency(under HB 1403):submit a complete copy of the Residency Affidavit.?Permanent residents:Submit a photocopy of the front of your permanent resident card.

?Home-schooled students:Submit any other credentials that reflect your academic potential(such as SAT Subject Test scores or dual credit coursework).

?Completed college coursework—including dual credit coursework—while in high school;Submit official transcripts of the credit issued by the college or university.

Recommended and optional items ?Resume

?Letters of Recommendation ?Special Circumstances

After you submit a complete application,the Office of Admission will begin the process of making your admission decision.

Admission decisions

Once you complete your application,an admissions professional in the Office of Admissions will review https://www.wendangku.net/doc/125118123.html,ing guidelines established by the state and the university,the reviewer will consider your academic achievement and personal achievement.Issues,such as whether applicants qualify for automatic admission are Texas residents or come from a non-ranking school,can also affect the final admission decision.

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text?Write a T for

a true statement and an F for a false statement.Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

23.The earliest date for summer application is October1.

24.Scholarship applicants should use the online Apply Texas Application for Admission when

applying for admission.

25.An official transcript is also needed,which includes the signature of a school official,the

size of the class,and high school coursework.

26.You should pay$60as application processing fee and the money will be returned in the future.

27.A complete copy of the Residency Affidavit is needed for International students who

qualify for Texas residency.

Answer the following questions using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS according to the information in the reading passage.Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

28.When does the online summer/fall application begin?

29.How many essays are needed?

30.What kind of applicants should submit a photocopy of the front of the permanent resident card?

31.What should a home-schooled student submit to indicate his academic ability?

32.Besides academic achievement,what is the other item the application reviewer will also consider?

READING PASSAGE4

Questions33-42are based on the following passage.

Blueprints on the moon

Ed Caesar speaks to the man on a mission to store the blueprints for life-on the moon

On the21st July,1969,we made one giant leap.Man walked on the moon,and,as one, America and the world rejoiced.But,since then,what purpose does the moon have?We know we can get there and what it looks like,but why would we want to go back?William Burrow knows why:to save mankind.Burrows is the spokesman for the elegantly named Alliance to Rescue Civilization(ARC),a body of American scientists and thinkers who think the moon is humanity’s ultimate insurance policy.For the ARC,it represents a chance to save a back-up of the blueprint for life on Earth and,in the event of disaster,a few people,too.

In1999,Burrows and Robert Shapiro,a professor emeritus and senior research scientist in biochemistry at New York University,wrote an essay for Ad Astra,an astronomy journal, which contained the bones of their idea that humanity needs to save a copy of itself to survive. The Alliance to Rescue Civilization was born.Since then,Shapiro and Burrows have been joined at the ARC by Ray Erikson,who has worked for NASA and runs an aerospace firm in Boston,and Steven Wolfe,a Congressional aide who helped pass the Space Settlement Act of 1988.So what is their proposition,exactly?“The first thing we talked about was the need to back-up our planet,off-planet,”says Burrows.

What that would involve,says Burrows,is creating a secure lunar colony,where a huge computer hard-drive could sit,containing a complete record of our planet.That hard drive would have to contain an“infinitely adaptable software system,”so that the information could be read in perpetuity.But what should be on the hard-drive?“Everything”,says Burrows.“It is a historical record,it is a civilization record,it is cultural,it is scientific,it is DNA,it’s all of it. Everything is in it.The good,the bad,the ugly,sparing absolutely nothing.”

It is worth nothing,at this point,that the ARC is not the only group currently considering its options for backing-up the planet’s DNA.In June this year,for example,the five prime ministers from the Nordic countries met to discuss a“doomsday vault”,to store crop seeds in case of catastrophe.Meanwhile,a British group called the Frozen Ark is compiling a genetic bank of DNA samples of endangered species—although what use a few rare beetles will be after a nuclear winter is a moot point.

Both these storage solutions are hampered,says the ARC,by their reliance on Earth.The same crisis—be it nuclear war or environmental catastrophe—that could render these sites supremely useful could also destroy them.Hence,the ARC wants an off-planet hard drive.And their preference for that site is,at present,the moon.“I would like say the moon is our best option,”says Burrows,“The moon is reasonably accessible since it’s only four days away. Conversely,if something horrible happens here,we could get people to the moon pretty fast. I’m all for going to Mars eventually,but it’s not the place to start.What we would do is go to the moon and learn from our mistakes.”

The second and,perhaps,most ambitious part of the ARC’s plan is to colonize the moon with a fledgling human population,too.“After we first discussed this,I started to think—why confine this to a storage site on the moon?Why not spread the seed and protect ourselves and get people up there?Our rationale for going to the moon is to spread the population out,so in case something bad happens,you’ve hedged your bet.”Burrows’idea was mirrored in June by Professor Stephen Hawking,who told an audience in Hong Kong that“it is important for the human race to spread out into space for the survival of the species.

But how is this grand aim to be achieved?Are there studies that prove that a functioning lunar base,peopled by brave adventures,could nourish itself?“Oh God,yes,”says Burrows.“There are studies upon studies upon studies.And some of those studies are very old.There was a German gentleman called Peter Eckhart who wrote one of the most convincing papers. NASA has plans for a moon base and,as far back as he1950s,the Air Force and the Army had plans to build a base.It’s not a question of it not being possible;it’s a question of having the will to do it.It is feasible,but it would be very,very expensive.|

“I don’t think the expense is even worth talking about,”says Burrows.“I can’t give you a ballpark figure.It doesn’t exist.It is many billions,many trillions of dollars.It doesn’t matter. It’s not a number you can come to grips with.With that said,when you think about the war in Iraq—a colossal waste of money,which has turned the budget surplus into the biggest deficit (the US)has ever had—it’s a question of where you want to put your priorities.”

“It’s intensely rational for us to go up there.I’m not a pessimist,I’m not an optimist.I’m a realist.Nothing lasts forever,I was recently attacked by a scientist in Arizona,who said we were absolutely crazy to give up Earth to go to the moon.Let me say this:no one is talking about giving up Earth.This is the home planet,this is our source of nurture.But,as Shapiro says,no skipper goes to sea without a lifeboat.”

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage?Write a T if the statement agrees with information and write an F if the statement contradicts with the information.Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

33.The British project is unlikely to be useful.

34.The moon can be easily reached from the Earth.

35.Populating space is unnecessary for the survival of humans.

36.An estimate has been made concerning the cost of the project.

37.Humans should have a plan to evacuate the Earth.

Complete the following https://www.wendangku.net/doc/125118123.html,e NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the reading passage for each answer.Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

38.The organisation Burrows represents believes the moon can serve as a/an for humanity.

39.The hard-drive would exclude and contain historical,cultural and scientific information.

40.Earthbound are vulnerable to the catastrophes they guard against.

41.While doable,a moon base is expected to be.

42.Never talking about giving up Earth,Burrows thinks that the earth is not only the home planet,but also our.

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2015年高考真题英语听力试题、原文及答案(全国卷) 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,您都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题与阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1、What time is it now? A、9:10、 B、9:50、 C、10:00、 2、What does the woman think of the weather? A、It’s nice、 B、It’s warm、 C、It’s cold、 3、What will the man do? A、Attend a meeting、 B、Give a lecture、 C、Leave his office、 4、What is the woman’s opinion about the course? A、Too hard、 B、Worth taking、 C、Very easy、 5、What does the woman want the man to do? A、Speak louder、 B、Apologize to her、 C、Turn off the radio、 第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,您将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。 6、How long did Michael stay in China? A、Five days、 B、One week、 C、Two weeks、 7、Where did Michael go last year? A、Russia、 B、Norway、 C、India、 听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。 8、What food does Sally like? A、Chicken、 B、Fish、 C、Eggs、 9、What are the speakers going to do? A、Cook dinner、 B、Go shopping、 C、Order dishes、 听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。 10、Where are the speakers? A、In a hospital、 B、In the office、 C、At home、 11、When is the report due? A、Thursday、 B、Friday、 C、Next Monday、 12、What does George suggest Stephanie do with the report?

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