托福长难句100句(一)

2020年托福阅读长难句100句：后置定语从句.doc

2020 年托福阅读长难句100 句：后置定语从句 我们知道 一个句子的主干 ( 主谓宾 ) 相当于它的骨架，识别了主干相当于抓住 了句子的主要信息 ; 而句子的其他修饰、说明及补充的部分 ( 定状补同等 ) 则相当于句子的血肉，血肉中往往包含了大量的附加信息。很多时候这些附加的信息对整句的理解起着辅助、增强甚至不可或缺的作用。 教学中作者发现下面这个句子常常困扰一些语法功底不错的考生： The physicist rightly dreads preciseargument, since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if theassumptions on which it is based are slightly changed, whereas an argument thatis convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations ofits underlying assumptions. 本句 since 之前的部分含有标准的 S(The physicist)+V(dreads)+O(argument) 结构，而 since 之后明显应该是原因 状语 ( 从句 ) 的部分，所以句首的 SVO就是整句的主句。下面我们来仔 细分析 since 后面的部分： 第一行末尾的 that 紧跟 an argument 之后，显然做 an argument 的后置定语从句。 that is convincing 是一个完整的主系表结构， only if 则引导了这个定语从句自身的 ( 即小级别 ) 条件状语从句 it is precise (仍是一个完整的主系表结构); 接下来我们遇到了 loses ，since 到 loses 之间是两个主系表从句，有各自的系动词，于是 loses 不属于这两个从句，只能与 an argument 对应，这个点也可从单复数上佐证。 loses 与后面的 all its force 形成动宾结构，其中it指代前文的an argument;

toefl长难句(完整资料).doc

【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】 1.But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time for giving birth. 2.In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord, and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group, a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century. 3.A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance. 4.The largest later named pueblo bonito by the Spanish, rose in five terraced stories, contained more than 800 rooms, and could have housed a population of 1000 or more. 5.For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualification for holding such position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of large personal library of musical pieces. (not...so much as...与其说....不如说...) 6.The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the word’s rain forest does not seem surprising, considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species. 7.To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in the sea, it helps to think small.(要充分认识海洋生命的多样性和丰富性，从小的角度思考有帮助） 8.Science is built with facts just as a house built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks ac be called a house.

新托福阅读长难句120句(分析 译文)

新托福阅读长难句120句(分析+译文 12月16日 1. Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface,the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans,in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space. (定语后置in some ways… 由于完全没有光,而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力,深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境,在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。 分句1:Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures 分句2:hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface 分句3:the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans 分句4:in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space 分句2修饰分句1结尾的短语intense pressures, 分句1是分句3的原因状语 分句3是整个长句子的主句 分句4是分句3的后置定语,修饰分句3的a hostile environment to humans 整个句子结构是: 原因状语+主句+后置定语 这是主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分,但是本句其实不是复合句。句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。

新托福长难句精析-抓五大基本句型

托福长难句精析 Lecture 1 基本句型 1.The problem of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in both the most just and the most effective way, is not a new one. 2.Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records, there has been a steady improvement in how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects, themselves included, through space. 3.The older painters，most of whom were born before 1835，practiced in a mode often self-taught and monopolized by landscape subject matter and were securely established in and fostered by the reigning American art organization, the National Academy of Design． 解析：The older painters…practiced in a mode…and were securely established in and fostered by…为句子主干 译文：老一代画家大多数出生于1835年以前，他们以一种经常是自学的方式和以风景画题材为主的形式作画。这些老画家是由当时美国艺坛上占统治地位的国家设计学院培养出来的，而且他们也在那里确立了自己的地位。 4.In 15 or 30 seconds, a speaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issue in question, cannot detail the probable causes of the problem, and cannot examine alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others． 解析：(以and连接的并列句) 译文：在15或30秒的时间里，发言人无法建立形成正在讨论的问题的历史背景；不能详细阐述问题产生的可能原因；无法仔细审查几种建议以辩论哪一种更可取。 5.The seesaw brought cycles of intensely cold winters and easterly winds, and switched abruptly to years of heavy spring and early summer rains, mild winters, and frequent Atlantic storms, or to periods of droughts, light northeasterly winds, and summer heat waves. 解析：句子主干：the seesaw brought cycles of… and switched to … or to… 6. A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality，finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance．

托福语法长难句

托福语法长难句分析 1.From a number of recent studies, it has become clear that blind people can appreciate the use of outlines and perspectives to describe the arrangement of objects and other surfaces in space. But pictures are more than literal representations. 翻译： In this paragraph the writer makes the point that blind people A.may be interested in studying art. B.can draw outlines of different objects and surface. C.can recognize conventions such as perspective. D.can draw accurately. 1.This fact was drawn to my attention dramatically when a blind woman in one of my investigations decided on her own initiative to draw a wheel as it was spinning .To show this motion, she traced a curve inside the circle. I was taken aback. 翻译：

2019年托福阅读长难句100句：大量物种灭绝

2019年托福阅读长难句100句：大量物种灭绝 今天我们来看这样一个句子： The possibility that mass extinctions may recur periodically has given rise to such hypotheses as that of a companion star with a long-period orbit deflecting other bodies from their normal orbits, making some of them fall to Earth asmeteors and causing widespread devastation upon impact. (TPO15, 46) recur /r'k/ v. 再发生，复发 periodically adv.定期地，周期性发生地 hypothesis /ha'pɑθss/ n. 假说，假设 deflect /d'flkt/ v. (使某物)运动转向;使某人改变原来的计划 meteor /'mit/ n. 流星 devastation /dev'sten/ n. 毁坏，荒废 impact /m'pækt/ n. 撞击，冲击;影响 such sth as/that...：(像後面提及的)那样的, 这样的 我是分界线，大家先测试一遍速读是否理解 The possibility (that mass extinctions may recur periodically) has given rise to such hypotheses as that (of a companion star)(with a long-period orbit) (deflecting other bodies from their normal orbits), (making some of them fall to Earth as meteors) and (causing widespread devastation upon impact). (TPO15, 46) 托福阅读长难句100句分析：

新托福长难句精析-名词性从句

1.What is particularly meaningful to anthropologists is the realization that although the materials available to a society may to some extent limit or influence what it can do artistically, the materials by no means determine what is done． 解析：(三个what引导的从句，第一个作主语，第二个与第三个都作宾语；that至句末的部分作realization的同位语) 分句1：What is particularly meaningful to anthropologists is the realization 分句2：although the materials available to a society may to some extent limit or influence what it can do artistically 分句3：the materials by no means determine what is done． 2和3并列 1和2，3嵌套，2和3是1中the realization的同位语 译文：对人类学家有着特殊意义的是这样一种认识：尽管一个社会能够得到的材料可能在一定程度上限制或影响它在艺术上的作为，但这些材料绝对不能决定该社会所做的事情。 2. As a result，claims that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore． 解析：(同位语从句claims that…) 分句1：that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health 分句2：claims have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore 分句2嵌套分句1，分句1作为分句2主语的同位语从句嵌套在分句2中。因此本句的主句是claims have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore. （那些观点广为人知，并成为一些民间说法的基础。）同位语从句是that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health：只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康 译文：结果，那些认为只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康的观点广为人知，并成为一些民间说法的基础。 3.There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones，that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs, that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like． 解析：(并列同位语从句reports that…，that…，that…) 分句1：There are numerous unsubstantiated reports 分句2：natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones 分句3：that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs 分句4：that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like 分句1是整个长句的主句，分句2、分句3和分句4是并列关系，共同构成分句1的同位语从句。本句的意思是有很多没有经过证实的报道，然后并列了三个未经过证实的报道的从句。译文：关于天然维生素优于人造维生素，受精蛋比未受精蛋的营养价值更高，未经熏蒸消毒处理的谷物比经过处理的好等等报道屡见不鲜，但都没有得到证实。

实例深度分析如何看懂托福阅读长难句

实例深度分析如何看懂托福阅读长难句 朗阁海外考试研究中心徐露露 就目前大陆考区学生所接触的北美地区四类热门考试（TOEFL， SAT， GRE， GMAT）的难度而言，TOEFL的难度系数是最低的。在实际教学中，笔者发现经常有一些基础很弱的同学在阅读托福文章的过程中喜欢把所有生词的汉语意思全查出来，但是做题的正确率依然很低。在单词的意思已经知道的情况下为什么还是不会做题？很多基础差的同学虽然了解了每个单词的意思，但是当这些独立的单词组合成一句长难句的时候就看不懂了，也就是长难句分析能力太差。长难句分析能力差不仅会影响阅读速度和阅读准确性，而且还会影响某些题型的正确率。因为在托福阅读十大题型当中，句子简化题、事实信息题和推理题这几种题型都直接或间接地在考察学生分析长难句的能力。朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家认为，在面对长难句时，考生一定不能“只见树木（单词），不见森林（结构）”，句子主干部分永远比修饰部分要重要。下面就来谈一谈托福阅读真题当中的长难句结构类型。 一、定语从句 首先，定语从句应该是托福阅读最喜欢考察的结构，一般可以将其分为两种：单层定语从句结构和多层定语从句结构。 1. 单层定语从句结构：指整个句中包含一个或两个并列关系的定语从句。 例：包含一个定语从句的情况 In the late 1700s James Watt designed an efficient and commercially viable steam engine that was soon applied to a variety of industrial uses as it became cheaper to use. （TPO 26 Energy and the Industrial Revolution） 解析：该句是that引导的定语从句 固定搭配： （be） applied to应用于 a variety of很多…。。. 词汇： viable=practicable=feasible=practical=possible （adj.）切实可行的 variety=category=group=lot （n.）种类 翻译：十七世纪末，James Watt设计了一种高效并且可商用的蒸汽机，随着其价格降低，很快被应用于各种工业。

长难句分析-托福

长难句分析-托福 1.Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space( (定语后置in s ome ways…) 由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人 类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。 分句1:Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures 分句2:hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface 分句3:the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans 分句4:in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space分句2修饰分句1结尾的短语intense pressures， 分句1是分句3的原因状语 分句3是整个长句子的主句 分句4是分句3的后置定语，修饰分句3的a hostile environment to humans 整个句子结构是: 原因状语+主句+后置定语 这是主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是本句其实不是复合句。句子的

2020年托福阅读长难句100句：水循环圈

2020年托福阅读长难句100句：水循环圈 Perhapsthe fact many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that couldbe collected in a net, a practice that overlooked the smaller phytoplanktonthat we now know grazers are most likely to feed on, led to a de-emphasis ofthe role of grazers in subsequent research. 这个句子谓语动词的识别稍有难度。 1. the fact 后描述的部分是这个fact的具体内容，所以the fact后为同位语从句; 2. a practice ...to feed on 作同位语。only algae of a size后出现的that could be collected ina net 对前者解释说明作用，为典型的后者定语从句; 3. 类似的that overlooked the smallerphytoplankton that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on 修饰说明a practice, 即为后者的后者定语从句。其中 that we now know grazersare most likely to feed on 为the smaller phytoplankton 的后者定语从句。仔细分析，we now know 类似插入语，如果在之前 加as则更像比较状语从句。当然这个定语从句也能够写成 on which we now knowgrazers are most likely to feed; 4. led to 为整句谓语动词，于是 a de-emphasis 为整句宾语。 整句主干很简单，即Perhaps the fact let to a de-emphasis.但主语后跟了自带一个小级别定语从句的后置定语从句，接着又跟了 个自带一个后置定语从句(同样嵌套了自己的定语从句)的同位语，读 句子过程中，我们的思路容易被这些非主干成分打断。 例句2

托福阅读精选阅读真题长难句50句

【托福阅读】精选阅读真题长难句50句 1、 Later experiments in which researchers played recordings of songs to young birds showed just how precise this influence was, many of them would learn the exact pattern of the recording they had heard. 2、 The crude song of a bird reared in isolation gives some clues as to what this rough idea may be the length, the frequency range and the breaking up into notes are all aspects of chaffinch song shared between normal birds and those reared in isolation. 3、 Whatever the nature of the learning rules in a particular species, there is no doubt that they are effective, it is very unusual to hear a wild bird singing a song which is not typical of its own species despite the many different songs which often occur in a small patch of woodland. 4、 Chemical analysis of bones enables archaeologists to determine the proportion of meat to vegetable foods in the diet by measuring the proportion of calcium to strontium in ancient bone because strontium in place of calcium in bones comes primarily from ingested plants.

例解析托福阅读长难句

例解析托福阅读长难句 托福阅读长难句实例解析, 你有没有试过这样分析长难句。今天给大家带来托福阅读长难句实例解析,希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 托福阅读长难句实例解析你有没有试过这样分析长难句? 一.例解析托福阅读长难句 1.句子 The people of the Netherlands, with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping, had difficulty in developing good harbors suitable for steamships: eventually they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, with exceptional results for transit trade with Germany and central Europe and for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials (sugar, tobacco, chocolate, grain, and eventually oil). 2.难点 本句的难点在于句子的修饰成分比较复杂，句子主干淹没在长长的定语和状语中。遇到这种句子只需要理清各个成分的修饰关系，就算定语和状语很长，找到了句子主干和修饰关系，句子

意思也就明朗了。这里需要分清楚定语和状语的区别，定语修饰的是名词性的成分，一般紧挨着被修饰词(比如，results for transit trade…，for transit trade修饰的是results)，而状语则修饰非名词性成分，而且位置比较灵活，放在句首、句中或者句尾都不影响句子含义。 3.拆分 并列句1：The people of the Netherlands, with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping, had difficulty in developing good harbors suitable for steamships.并列句2：Eventually they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, with exceptional results for transit trade with Germany and central Europe and for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials (sugar, tobacco, chocolate, grain, and eventually oil). 4.句子成分 并列句1：The people of the Netherlands, [主语] with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping, [定语] had [谓语] difficulty [宾语] in developing good harbors suitable for steamships. [定语] 翻译：有着悠久传统的渔业和航运业的荷兰人，在建造适合汽船停靠的优良海港上遇到难题。

托福阅读精选45句长难句翻译

精选45句托福阅读长难句翻译及词汇注释 （涵盖部分句子简化题翻译） 1.The same thing happens to this day, though on a smaller scale, wherever a sediment（沉积物）-laden（装满的）river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land, dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, depositing（沉积）the sediment in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope（斜面）. 虽然是较为小型的，但类似的事情也在当下发生，无论什么地方的、大量携带沉积物的河水或溪流从山谷中流至较为平坦的地带，都会随着流速的减慢会沉淀下它的携带物。 河流通常以扇形蔓延，使沉积物以一种平滑的扇形斜面的形式沉积。 2.In lowland country almost any spot on the ground may overlie（躺在某上） what was once the bed of a river that has since become buried by soil; if they ar e now below the water’s upper surface (the water table), the gravels （石子，砂砾）and sands of the former riverbed, and its sandbars（沙洲，堤坝）, will be saturated（浸湿）with groundwater. 在地势较低的城市里，地面上几乎所有曾是河床的地方都被土壤掩埋。如果曾是河床的地方现在处于河流（的上表面）之下，旧时河床的石砾、沙子和沙洲就会被地表水浸湿。 3.But note that porosity（孔隙度）is not the same as permeability（渗透率）, which measures the ease with which water can flow through a material; this depends on the sizes of the individual cavities（腔，洞）and the crevices （裂缝，缺口）linking them. 但是要注意的在测量水可以从一种材料间通过的轻松程度的时候，孔隙度并不等同于渗透率。这个要依材料中每个独立的洞和裂缝的大小而定。 4.If the pores（毛孔，气孔）are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain（使液体流走）away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films（薄膜）, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held. 如果气孔很大，其内部的水分会以滴的形式存在，水分会由于过重、不能被表面张力持住而流走。反之，如果气孔很小，其内部的水分会以薄膜的形式存在，水分太轻以至于不能克服固定它们的表面张力，因此水分就会被以膜的形式保留。 5.But the myths that have grown up around the rites（隆重的仪式或典礼）may continue as part of the group’s oral（口头的; 口述的）tradition and may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced（分离）from these rites.

托福阅读长难句解决方法解析

托福阅读长难句解决方法解析 托福阅读长难句解决方法 首先：长句子。 A few art collectors Tames Bowdoi n of Bost on, William Byrd of Virginia, and the Aliens and Hamiltons of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries,especially aspiring artists,and established in their respective communities the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement. A few art collectors introduced European art traditions to those colonistsand established in their respective communities the idea and the need. 对于这样一个句子，大家要做的就是找到这个句子的核心主干（即主谓宾）注意后半部分嵌入了倒装句established in their respective communities the idea and the need, establish是及物动词，后面却加了介词in,说明此处有倒装, 还原正常语序应是established the idea and the need in their respective communitieso倒装出现的意义在于idea和need在原句中的后置定语（即蓝色划线部分）太长，为了防止头重脚轻。 在原句中，是有人名是并列的不知道大家有没有发现，也是本句主语art collectors的同位语。其中还有一部分是colonists的非谓语动词后置定语，还—个部分是插入语用来进一步解释art collectorso 综上所述，本句运用了多种语法结构（并列，倒装，同位语，后置定语，插入语）把主干部分分割得支离破碎，如果对这些语法结构不熟悉的同学肯定会一下子摸不着头脑。而如果能够尽最大努力把握其用法，那么对阅读的速度和正确率的提升都有很大帮助。 以上这个句子我们就可以这样翻译：儿位艺术收藏家（此处省略儿位艺术家名字）将欧洲艺术传统介绍给那些被特许参观他们画廊的殖民者，尤其是有抱负的艺术家们，并在他们各自的社区建立了艺术具有价值的观念和致力于鼓励其发展的机构的需要。 其次：长文章 新托福阅读的文章篇幅一般都是在700字以上，而这么长的文章主要就是山简单句和一些复杂的长难句组成，除了句子理解外，为了更好的解题考生还应该了解文章段落和文章结构。面对比较长的段落和文章，要在短时间内快速抓住重点信息，做对题目，那么对文章的行文套路要有非常清晰的把握。下面以一篇OG 真题文章Nineteenth-Century Politics in the United States 的段落为例来讲解。

托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析汇总

托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析汇总 想要攻略托福阅读，需要积累大量的实际分析和应对长难句的经验，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 原句案例： Many prehistorians believe that farming may have emerged dependently in several different areas of the world when small munities, driven by increasing population and a decline in available food resources, began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival. 结构划分： Many prehistorians believe that farming may have emerged dependently (in several different areas of the world) (when small munities, (driven by increasing population and a decline in available food resources), began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival). 深度分析：

这个句子的主干是： Many prehistorians believe that从句 从句中的主干是： farming may have emerged dependently 修饰一：(in several different areas of the world)，介词短语 中文：在世界几个不同地区 修饰二：(driven by increasing population and a decline inavailable food resources)，非谓语动词，相当于形容词修饰small munities 中文：迫于人口不断增长和可用食物资源减少 修饰三：(when small munities began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival)，从句 请大家注意此处的断句问题。