2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--语法填空

2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--语法

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学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、用单词的适当形式完成短文

Chinese actress Fan Bingbing has been fined for tax evasion, state media reported. It is the first public pronouncement about the star 1．she mysteriously disappeared from public view in June.

According to state-run news agency Xinhua, Fan has been ordered to pay almost $130 million, after she misreported how much money she2．(receive) for certain film projects, using so-called "yin-yang contracts" to conceal3．the authorities her true remuneration (薪酬) and avoid millions of dollars in taxes.

Fan and companies related to her were ordered to pay around $42 million in late taxes and fees, along with a fine of $86 million.

Because she was 4．first-time offender, the government said criminal charges would not be filed against her if she pays all the money by an undisclosed deadline, Xinhua reported.

Fan's disappearance from public view sparked widespread speculation 5．she had been detained by the authorities. Xinhua said she had been under investigation by tax authorities in Jiangsu province, but 6．didn't provide any details on her current whereabouts.

In a letter 7．(post) on social media, Fan, 37, apologized profusely and repeatedly to the public and government.

"As a public figure, I should have abided by laws and regulations, and been a role model in the industry and society," she said. "I shouldn't have lost self-restraint or become lax in managing my companies, 8．led to the violation of laws, in the name of economic interests."

"Without the favorable policies of the Communist Party and state, without the love of the people, there 9．have been no Fan Bingbing," she added.

Her case was clearly designed as a warning to other high profile celebrities, with the State Administration of Taxation saying it had launched a campaign 10．(recover) all back taxes in the entertainment industry.

Of the many factors that contribute to poor performance on standardized tests like the SAT, nerves and exhaustion, surprisingly, 11．not rank very high. In fact, according to a new

paper published in Journal of Experimental Psychology, a little anxiety – not to mention fatigue – might actually be a very good thing.

The study was conducted by psychology professors Phillip Ackerman and Ruth Kanfer. They recruited 239 college freshmen, each 12．(agree) to take three different versions of the SAT reasoning test 13．(give) on three consecutive Saturday mornings. The tests would take three-and-a-half hours, four-and-a-half hours and five-and-a-half-hours, and would be administered in a random order to each of the students. 14．(boost) the stress level in the students – who had already taken the SAT in the past and gotten into college – Ackerman and Kanfer offered a cash bonus to any volunteers who 15．(beat) their high-school score.

16．the test began on each of the three Saturdays, the students filled out a questionnaire that asked them about their fatigue level, mood and confidence. They completed the questionnaire again at a break in the middle of the test and once more at the end. Together, all of these provided a sort of fever chart of the students’ energy and anxiety17．the experience.

When the researchers scored the results, it came as no surprise that volunteers’ fatigue and stress rose steadily 18．the test got longer. 19．was unexpected was their corresponding performance: as the length of the test increased, so 20．the students’ scores. The average score on the three-and-a-half-hour test was 1209 out of 1600. On the four-and-a-half-hour version it was 1222; on the five-and-a-half-hour test it was 1237.

People across the world use Airbnb to offer their homes to travelers usually for a nightly fee. The home-sharing service provides some people with a way 21．（make）extra money while they work other jobs.

The company announced recently that one of its 22．(popular) professions among American Airbnb hosts is teaching. The information came from an Airbnb study to find out 23．industries its American hosts work in.

The study found that almost 10 percent of U.S. Airbnb hosts in 2017 identified 24．as teachers or in the field of education. The home-sharing service estimated it has about 45,000 active teacher hosts in America. In addition, the study says there are 25．estimated 75,000 other hosts living in households with a teacher.

The study did not provide data from hosts about 26．they choose to become part of Airbnb. But the company noted that many teachers in America face difficult economic situations. Airbnb says additional earnings from hosting 27．help.

Some states had even h igher rates of teacher hosts than Airbnb’s estimated national average. Airbnb spokesman Christopher Nulty told The Atlantic magazine that the

home-sharing industry is not a total solution for the current problems 28．(face) many teachers. But he said he th inks Airbnb can be an “important tool” to help teachers make extra money and give them “the respect and dignity” they have earned.

The report on the number of teacher hosts comes as Airbnb 29．(continue) to face opposition by activists and officials in some areas. U.S. critics of the company say the service is driving up rental market prices in several cities. Elected officials in some areas 30．(propose) or approved rules to limit the influence of the service. Hotel companies have also protested that the business presents unfair competition.

Famous Irish poet Oscar Wilde (1854-1900) once wrote: “Ah! Realize your youth while you have it.” He pointed out the important truth about how precious youth is in one’s journey through life.

However, the popular internet slang word foxi(佛系) –or “Buddhist” – 31．(challenge) this norm by encouraging young people to remain calm and peaceful and avoid conflict as much as possible – in other words, to live like a Buddha.

The phrase 32．(create) in Japan in 2014 to describe young men who no longer bother to start relationships with women or follow someone else’s life path. They prefer to stay in their own peaceful world without 33．(disturb) and care little about passion and success.

Now, Chinese internet users are pairing the phrase with other words to describe a similar mindset. For example, “Buddhist students” are those who study just the right amount – they don’t cut class, but neither 34．they burn the m idnight oil, either. There are also “Buddhist parents”, who interfere little 35．their children’s lives and let them develop 36．they like – the opposite of “helicopter parents”.

In this fast-changing and competitive world, it’s only natural that people ar e seeking a spiritual anchor.

However, some would compare foxi with “demotivational(丧) culture” – a phrase that describes young people who feel aimless and powerless. They say that foxi actually reflects the reality 37．young people are losing their will to fight. They are pretending to keep a healthy and wise attitude toward failure simply 38．they’re incapable of succeeding.

But no matter what, there is one thing that “Buddhist youngsters” should keep in mind:

You may want to keep a calm mindset regarding failure, but you 39．also be passionate and positive about school, work and life.

After all, Wilde also wrote: “Live the wonderful life that is in you! Let 40．be lost upon you. Be always searching for new sensations. Be afraid of nothing.”

Last year, a report by a committee of education experts said that a lot of American students cannot write well. The report noted the concerns of business leaders and teachers. The experts said that more students should have to pass a writing test 41．they can finish high school. They pointed out that major college entrance tests are changing now 42．(include) a writing part.

Educators know that teaching students to write well is not easy. One problem is the amount of time needed to read through large amounts of work. So some companies 43．(develop) computer programs. These can grade student writing much more quickly than a person can. Writing tests can also cost44．(little) to carry out by computer than

paper-and-pencil. These computer systems are known as e-readers. They use artificial (人工的) intelligence to think in a way45．teachers. In the state of Indiana, computer grading of a statewide writing test began with a test of the system itself. For two years, both a computer and humans graded the student writing. Officials say there was almost no difference between the computer grades and those given by 46．human readers.

The entrance test commonly 47．(use) by business schools, the GMA T, already uses

e-readers. The GRE and TOEFL tests might start; officials are deciding. The GRE is the Graduate Record Examination. TOEFL is the Test of English as a Foreign Language.

Systems 48．(use) to grade writing in college classes. The computers read a few hundred examples of student writing already graded by humans. Then the systems compare new writings against those already examined.

Some teachers say it can never really understand49． a writer is trying to say. Critics say a program cannot follow a thought or judge humor or understand a beautifully expressed idea.

But inventors of the programs say computer grading guarantees that each piece of writing is graded in the same way. They also say the systems 50．(mean) to judge knowledge more than creativity.

When I settled in Chicago, my new city seemed so big and unfriendly. Then I had a physical problem and had to go to hospital for 51．whole examination. It seemed a small

challenge 52．(compare) to the one I was about to face, but things started to go wrong right from the beginning. Not having a car or knowing the city, I was depending on a couple of buses 53．(get) me from A to B．Although I'd left myself plenty of time, soon 54．was obvious that I was going to be late, as I had mistakenly boarded a bus that 55．(take) me in the opposite direction.

I got off the bus and stood on the pavement not knowing what to do. I looked into the eyes of a stronger，who was trying to get past me. Surprisingly, 56．moving on, she stopped to ask if I was OK. After I explained 57．was troubling me, she pointed to a bus stop across the street, 58．a bus would take me back into the city to my appointment. 59．(sit) there waiting, I felt grateful that someone had been willing to help. Then，hearing a horn (喇叭) nearby, I looked up to see a car with my new friend waving at me to get in. She had returned to offer me a lift to the hospital.

Such unexpected kindness from a passer-by was a lovely gift to receive. 60．I climbed out of the car at the hospital and turned to thank her, she smiled and told me not to lose faith, for all things are possible.

参考答案

1．since/after

2．had received

3．from

4．a

5．that

6．it

7．posted

8．which

9．would/could

10．to recover

【分析】

这是一篇应用文。文章主要报道了范冰冰逃税事件，范冰冰对自己的逃税行为做出道歉。1．考查状语从句。分析前后两个句子可知，两个句子成分完整，此处需要连词连接两个句子，结合句意，此处是指在她从公众的视线中神秘消失后，这是第一次公开声明，需用since 或after引导时间状语从句，故填since/after。

2．考查时态。句意：她谎报了她从某些电影项目中得到多少钱。谎报（misport）发生在过去，得到多少钱是发生在谎报之前，即过去的过去，用过去完成时，故填had received。3．考查介词。conceal 常常使用conceal sth from sb这一结构，意思是向某人隐藏某事，故填from。

4．考查冠词。设空后的名词offender是可数名词单数，需要用冠词修饰，此处表示“一个”，故填a。

5．考查名词性从句。这是个同位语从句，从句she had been detained by the authorities 是对前面的名词speculation的内容解释说明，从句句意完整，故填that。

6．考查代词。but连接两个并列句，but后的句子缺少主语，结合上文可知，该句的主语是Xin hua ，上文中提到了，下文再次出现要用it代替，故填it。

7．考查虚拟语气。设空处所给词需要修饰前面的名词letter，且与letter之间是被动关系，因此需用post的过去分词形式作定语，故填posted。

8．考查定语从句。这是个非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，且关系词指代的是整个主句

的内容，故填which。

9．考查情态动词。句意：没有党和国家的优惠政策，没有人民的爱，就没有范冰冰，”她补充说。without常用于含蓄条件句，此句是对过去的虚拟，用would /could have done形式，故填would/could。

10．考查非谓语动词。分析句式结构，此处需要用不定式作目的状语，发起运动是为了收回娱乐业的所有欠税，故填to recover。

【点睛】

关于语法填空考查冠词，需要考生注意判断方法：弄清句子结构，若设空处后为名词，设空处为名词的定语，又无提示词，表泛指或特指意义，则可确定设空处应填冠词（a, an, the ）。若是固定短语，可根据固定搭配选择适当的冠词。本题中的第四空则可以按照此方法做题，根据句意，空后是可数名词单数，需要冠词修饰。

11．may

12．agreeing

13．given

14．To boost

15．(would) beat

16．Before

17．throughout / during

18．as

19．What

20．did

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了心理学教授菲利普·阿克曼和露丝·坎弗主持的研究，研究表明适当的疲劳和焦虑对考生有好处。

11．考查情态动词。根据下文可知，此处要表达：令人惊讶的是，在导致SAT等标准化考试成绩不佳的诸多因素中，神经紧张和疲惫可能排在前列的并不多。设空后的动词rank前需要情态动词may，故填may。

12．考查非谓语动词。设空处所在部分前是个句子，故此部分是做前面句子的状语，所给提示词为动词，要用其非谓语形式，agree以each之间主动关系，故填agreeing。

13．考查非谓语动词。根据句式结构可知，设空处所给提示词要修饰前面的名词test做其后置定语，提示词与test之间是被动关系，过去分词表被动，修饰名词常位于名词之后，故填given。

14．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了提高学生的压力水平——这些学生过去已经参加了SAT 考试并进入了大学——阿克曼和肯弗尔向任何超过他们高中成绩的志愿者提供现金奖励。根据句意可知，设空处是做句子的目的状语，动词不定式可以作目的状语，位于句首，首字母要大写，故填T o boost。

15．考查时态。根据上文可知，此处是指研究中承诺谁若是赢得高分便可得奖金，此处要用过去将来时，would do，故填would beat。

16．考查状语从句。句意：在这三个星期六的每一天考试之前，学生们填写一份问卷，询问他们的疲劳程度、情绪和信心。根据下文在考试休息是和考试结束后都要学生填写问卷可知，此处是指考试之前也要填写，故填before。

17．考查介词。句意：所有这些加在一起，提供了一种学生在试验期间精力和焦虑的发烧图表。根据句意可知，此处是指在试验期间，故填throughout/during。

18．考查状语从句。句意：随着测试时间的延长，志愿者们的疲劳和压力持续上升也就不足为奇了。根据句意可知，此处需要连词as，as是连词，有“随着….”的意思，引导时间状语从句，故填as。

19．考查名词性从句。句意：令人意外的是他们的相应表现。这是个主语从句，从句中缺少主语，结合句意，故填What。

20．考查倒装。句意：随着考试时间的延长，学生们的分数也提高了。此处是so用于与上述情况一致时的常使用倒装形式，so+助词+主语，结合上文可知，此处是过去式，谓语是实意动词，故需要助词did，故填did。

21．to make

22．most popular

23．what

24．themselves

25．an

26．why

27．can/may/could/might

28．facing

29．continues

30．have proposed

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍在美国的Airbnb （短租平台）上共享家庭中，教师或从事教育工作的人占了很大比例来说明美国教师现在面临的问题：经济困难。

21．考查非谓语动词。设空处所给提示词是做其前的名词way的定语，需要用不定式形式做后置定语，故填to make。

22．考查形容词。句意：该公司最近宣布，其在美国Airbnb房东中最受欢迎的职业之一是教学。根据语境和句意可知，此处要用最高级形式，popular是多音节的形容词，要借助于most，故填most popular。

23．考查名词性从句。句意：这些信息来自Airbnb的一项研究，目的是找出美国房东都在什么行业。这是个宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，结合句意，故填what。

24．考查代词。句意：Airbnb的房东在2021年确认自己是教师或在教育领域。本句的主语是hosts，根据句意可知，此处的宾语应是hosts本人，因此要用反身代词，主语是复数，故填themselves。

25．考查冠词。句意：：该研究称，据估计，另有7.5万名家庭主妇与一名教师同住。结合句意可知，此处是指有另外的一个情况，设空前是元音音素开头的单词，故填an。

26．考查名词性从句。句意：这项研究没有提供来自房东的关于他们为什么选择成为Airbnb 的一部分。这是个宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，结合句意，故填why。

27．考查情态动词。句意：Airbnb表示，通过家庭共享可以帮助获得额外的收入。根据句意，设空后的动词help需要表达“可以，能够”的情态动词，故填can/may/could/might。28．考查非谓语动词。根据文章可知，此处是指老师面临的问题，老师与face之间是主动关系，要用现在分词作定语，故填facing。

29．考查时态。此句是as引导的时间状语从句，主句的时态是一般现在时，从句时态和主句保持一致，从句的主语是Airbnb，谓语要用单三形式，故填continues。

30．考查时态。结合下文语境可知，此处指在一些地区的民选官员已经提议或批准了限制服务业的影响，谓语要使用现在完成时，主语是officials，复数，故填have proposed。

31．is challenging

32．was created

33．being disturbed

34．do

35．with

36．whatever

37．that

38．because

39．should

40．nothing

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。现在存在着一个社会现象，其中有一类“佛系青年”，文章主要介绍了佛系青年的特点及作者的看法。

31．考查时态。结合上下文可知，此处是指流行的网络俚语“佛系”正在挑战这个标准，因此要用现在进行时，故填is changing。

32．考查时态和语态。主语phrase与谓语create之间是被动关系，根据时间状语in 2014可知，要用一般过去式的被动语态，故填was created。

33．考查非谓语动词。without是介词，其后要用动名词作宾语，因world与disturb之间是被动关系，故用动名词的被动形式being done，故填being disturbed。

34．考查倒装。否定词谓语句首，句子要到装，neither是否定词，句子构成部分倒装，共neither+助词+主语+….，谓语burn是实义动词，要借助于助动词，根据前面的don’t可知，要用一般现在时，主语是复数形式，故填do。

35．考查介词。句意：还有一些“佛教父母”，他们很少干涉孩子的生活。interfere 常常与with 连用，interfere with sb是“打扰，干涉”的意思，故填with。

36．考查名词性从句。根据上文可知，此处是指父母不干预孩子，让孩子自己发展成自己喜欢的样子，结合句意可知，此处需要whatever引导宾语从句，做从句的宾语，故填whatever。37．考查名词性从句。这是个同位语从句，后面的句子是对前面的名词reality的解释说明，从句中不缺少任何成分，故填that。

38．考查状语从句。句意：他们假装对失败保持健康和明智的态度，只是因为他们没有能力成功。设空处前后是两个完整的句子，结合句意可知，这是个原因状语从句，故填because。39．考查情态动词。句意：你可能想要对失败保持冷静的心态，但是你也应该对学校、工作

和生活充满激情和积极向上。根据句意和作者的态度可知，此处是指你应该积极向上，故填should。

40．考查代词。结合上下文语境可知，此处要表达：没有什么东西能让你失去信心，故填nothing。

41．before

42．to include

43．have developed

44．less

45．like

46．The

47．Used

48．are being used

49．what

50．are meant

【分析】

这是一篇议论文。文章开始提出了学生的写作水平好，进而提到评改学生写的文章也很费时间，进而引发人们对使用电脑上的阅读器进行评比的不同看法。

41．考查状语从句。句意：专家说，在完成高中学业之前，更多的学生应该通过写作考试。这是个状语从句，结合句意可知，需要表达“在…..之前”的连词引导时间状语从句，故填before。

42．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了包括写作部分，他们指出现在主要的大学入学考试正在改变。设空处要做目的状语，所给提示词是动词，要用其不定式作状语，故填to include。43．考查时态。结合上下文语境可知，此处是指有些公司已经开发出了电脑程序，因此要用现在完成时，故填have developed。

44．考查形容词。根据后面的than可知，此处要用比较级，故填less。

45．考查介词。句意：他们利用人工智能像教师一样思考。结合句意，此处需要表达“像……一样”的介词，故填like。

46．考查冠词。此处是特指人类读者，定冠词表特指，故填the。

47．考查非谓语动词。分析句式结构可知，设空处要做test的定语，所给提示词与test之间

是被动关系，用动词的过去分词做后置定语，故填used。

48．考查时态和语态。所给提示词在句中充当谓语，根据下文可知，这些系统正在被大学的课堂使用，因此用现在进行时的被动语态，主语是复数形式，故填are being used。

49．考查名词性从句。句意：一些老师说，它永远不能真正理解一个作家想说的话。这是个宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，结合句意，故填what。

50．考查固定用法。be meant to do是固定用法，意思是“打算”，主语是复数，be用are

的形式，故填are meant。

【点睛】

动词作为常考词性，要求考生掌握其精确的用法，在考查其谓语形式是常考动词的时态和语态，语态主要靠分析出主谓关系和动宾关系。对于被动语态首先要知道其基本结构（be done），其次是要根据需要的时态和人称选择be的形式。本题中的第8小题，既考查了时态又考查

了被动语态。

51．a

52．compared

53．to get

54．it

55．was taking

56．instead of

57．what

58．where

59．sitting

60．As

【分析】

这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己搬到一个新城市（芝加哥）之后所遇到的各种困难，后来陌生人和朋友给予作者帮助，让作者倍感欣慰。

51．考查冠词。设空后面的名词examination是可数名词单数形式，其前需要冠词修饰，此

处是表“一个”的意思，故填a。

52．考查非谓语动词。compare常常使用过去分词短语compared to的形式作状语，故填compared。

53．考查非谓语动词。此处要用不定式作目的状语，表示为了让我从这个地方到达那个地方，故填to get。

54．考查代词。It was obvious that…是固定句型，意思是“很显然……”it作形式主语，that

从句做真正的主语，故填It。

55．考查时态。此处是指我坐错了车，车子正带着我向相反的方向走，因此用过去进行时，主语是bus，单三形式，故填was taking。

56．考查介词短语。句意：令人吃惊的是，她没有继续向前走，她停下来问我是否还好。根据句意可知，此处要用表达“而不是”的意思的词或短语作状语，故填instead of。

57．考查名词性从句。句意：我向她解释说困扰我的事情。这是个宾语从句，连接词在从句中作主语，结合句意，故填what。

58．考查定语从句。这是个非限制性定语从句，先行词是street，表地方，在从句中作状语，故填where。

59．考查非谓语动词。设空部分做句子的伴随状语，所给提示词是动词，要用其现在分词表伴随，故填sitting。

60．考查状语从句。句意：当我在医院下了车，转过身来感谢她时，他笑着告诉我不要失去信心。这是个时间状语从句，结合句意，故填as。