完形填空讲解学生

完形填空题

完形填空题是将语言运用与情景交际融为一体，考查单项填空和阅读理解的综合题型。因此，在备考及平时的学习中，不但要打好扎实的语言基础，更要注重整个语篇的理解。下面就完形填空这一题型的答题方法及技巧向同学们做一简单介绍。

细说要点一→利用开篇首句

◎典型例题:

Once there lived in our town a poor family. They were so poor that there was almost nothing in the house but a pot under a _______ table...

A. good

B. bad

C. nice

D. broken

◎答案解析：

根据首句可以推断出本文中出现的是个贫穷的家庭，利用首句可知此空考查的是对上下文的理解，我们的已知信息是“家里几乎一无所有，除了摆放在桌子下的一个锅”。由此可以推断“这个桌子一定很破旧”，故答案为D。

◎思路点拨：

完形填空所选短文一般没有标题，但首句并不挖空，这就为我们理解短文全貌打开了窗口，而且完形填空文章通常较短，这样的文章往往用“开门见山”的形式将主题或中心思想通过首句提示给我们。因此，我们可以根据首句推断短文的体裁，预测大意及主要的思路。在解题时，我们就可以迅速进入角色，有目的、有方向地找出下文或整个文章的突破口。

◎超级链接

1. Once my father and I went to see a circus (马戏团). A family was standing in front of us ______ for tickets. (2007·安徽)

A. waiting

B. looking

C. working

D. preparing

2. As soon as he finished his homework, Eric jumped onto his bicycle and rode off the direction of the beach. While he was _________ along, he thought about the whales(鲸鱼). (2007·江苏南京)

A. riding

B. running

C. getting

D. walking

细说要点二→利用语法知识

◎典型例题：

...Children in our neighborhood always ran around during their play, and Joey would jump and run and play, _______...

A. either

B. too

C. though

D. yet

◎答案解析：

根据前半句意思“我们小区的孩子们总是在游戏时到处跑”和后半句开头的and 可知，前后为并列关系且要表达的含义为“Joey 也会又蹦又跑又玩”，此空应填入“也”。这是在考查词法，因此我们要利用语法知识来完成此题。A和B都表示“也”，且前有逗号，either 用于否定句，too用于肯定句。故答案为B。

◎思路点拨：

在完形填空中，也有考查学生对语法项目运用的题目。对于这类试题，我们应该利用所学的词法、句法等语法知识来解题。首先理解句子含义，分析句式特点、判断空缺处应该是什么成分或是应该采取什么方法。考查的是动词时态、语态、介词用法、主谓一致还是动词不定式，都应该做到心中有数。因此，具有扎实的语法知识是解答此类试题的关键所在。而语法知识的掌握要注意平时的点滴积累和灵活的运用，这样才能做到答案准确无误。

◎超级链接

1. ... The man _____ to run away when he saw the police-man. He just smiled and said to the woman, "I want to give this purse back to you, madam. I think you dropped it on the street." ... (2007·陕西)

A. didn't try

B. tried

C. tries

D. doesn't try

2. ... Then he ran down onto the sand. _____ it was only four in the afternoon, the sky was already growing dark... (2007·江苏南京)

A. As

B. Since

C. Because

D. Although

细说要点三→利用习惯用语及固定搭配

◎典型例题：

... We never told him that he probably wouldn't be _____ to run like the other children. So he didn't know...

A. able

B. sorry

C. glad

D. afraid

◎答案解析：

根据句子含义“我们从没有告诉过他，他可能不能像其他的孩子一样地跑了”

可知，此空为“能做某事……”。本题的命题意图就是要我们通过上下文的含义来运用固定词组的搭配。“be able to do sth.”意思为“能；会做某事”，故答案为A。◎思路点拨：

我们在学英语时不能一味地用母语生搬硬套，要注意到固定搭配不可随意更改。语言的学习离不开大量的词汇知识，同时也涉及到许多词组的固定搭配及习惯用语。遇到这样的问题，尽量做到一步到位，即在通读全文、掌握大意时就给予准确或接近准确的定位；在平时的学习过程中也一定要注重词汇的积累，可以通过词组的辨析来区别记忆。只有掌握了词汇知识，才能灵活运用，选择答案时才能又快又准。

◎超级链接

1. ... At that time, a young man was standing outside the police station. The woman was very happy him... (2007·陕西)

A. see

B. sees

C. saw

D. to see

2. ... Now they needn't _____ the money. From 2006 on, children can go to school for free in some poor places... (2006·重庆)

A. look up

B. turn on

C. worry about

D. make sure

3. ... The builder will draw it. The builder will also _____the cost of your house. He will estimate （估计）the cost of the wood, the glass, and everything else that he must use in building the house... （2005·天津）

A. find out

B. carry on

C. work out

D. work on

细说要点四→利用上下文

◎典型例题：

... A man was looking for things of the old times. One day he came to a village

and found a blue bowl which looked very ______ ...

A. old

B. new

C. big

D. small

◎答案解析：

本题考查学生通过上文提示，对此空的分析理解能力。通过上文可知，这个蓝碗一定很古老。由上句提示的“A man was looking for things of the old times ”

可知A为正确答案。

◎思路点拨：

在完形填空试题中，此类试题的难度一般，相对来说比较容易找到最佳答案，因此，应作为首攻对象，积极扩展有效信息。我们在解决此类试题时，要紧扣文章的中心，注意上下文的呼应，情节与情节的对比等。同时我们要注意千万别产生急躁情绪，防止遗漏信息。只有弄明白文中提供的关键词及逻辑关系，才能确定比较明显的、直接的答案。

◎超级链接:

1. ... Later, he took a short business training to find a job. As a result, he got a job as a ______ in a large city. It was not long before Woolworth realized

that he had a natural skill for displaying goods to attract the customers' interest... (2005·湖北随州)

A. salesman

B. farmer

C. teacher

D. doctor

2. ... Then what about the other days of a year? Always______ to think of your parents, not just on some important days... （2007·福建福州）

A. refuse

B. forget

C. decide

D. remember

细说要点五→利用基本常识

◎典型例题：

... In the seventh grade he decided to join the school running team. Every day he trained. He ran more than any of the others, because only the top seven runners would be chosen to run for the _______. We didn't tell him he probably would never make the team, so he didn't know...

A. neighborhood

B. family

C. school

D. grade

◎答案解析：

本题考查学生的生活基本常识。文中已经提到在七年级时，他决定加入学校田径队，由此可知只有优秀的七个选手才能入选，为学校参加比赛，故C为正确答案。

◎思路点拨：

完形填空的短文一般都是独立的语篇，以自身的内容提供完整的信息，但其中渗透着生活常识或文化背景等。除此之外，有的短文还会涉及到历史、地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。所以我们在平时训练时要积极地调动生活常识与文化背景知识并加以巧妙运用，有时还要特别注意东西方文化的差异，这样就会大大简化复杂的分析过程，节省时间，提高得分率。另外，课下多读多背，培养自己的语感，对解题也有很大帮助。关于语感的培养，我们不妨试试多读原著或地道的英语素材，这些对我们语感的培养都会有很明显的效果。

◎超级链接:

1. ... They turn off the lights, pull up the covers and close their eyes. After they sleep six or seven _____,they wake up again... (2006·辽宁省课改区)

A. seconds

B. hours

C. days

D. months

2. ... It has not always been easy to know the time. A long time ago people looked at the _____ to tell the time. They could tell the time by looking at it in the sky: morning, noon or afternoon. ... （2005·福建省宁德市）

A. earth

B. sun

C. moon

D. satellite

3. ... We have a pool. It is in the garden. They have a long river with no end. We have small lights in the garden. They have the _________ in the sky ... (2007·新疆乌鲁木齐)

A. stars

B. birds

C. clouds

D. kites

细说要点六→复读全文，仔细检查

完成完形填空所有题目后，同学们一定要再用上几分钟把短文从头到尾看一遍。为了使我们的阅读顺畅，我们可以把单词填入空缺部分使语篇完整。对不恰当的地方，就可以重新修改，以提高解题的准确率，这样才能拿高分。下面就向大家介绍一种20字的检查小妙招：

纵观加联想（通读全文，掌握大意），

先易且定夺（对照选项，再读全文），

攻难在复读（重点检查，解除拿不准的题目），

反思并修正（将词入空，以便发现错误并进行修改）。

◎超级链接

Jimmy started painting when he was four years old. When he was six, he was already very good at it. He 1 many beautiful and interesting pictures, and people 2 a lot of money for them. They said, "This boy's going to be 3 when he's a little older, and then we're going to 4 these pictures for a lot more money. Then we will get rich."

Jimmy's pictures were 5 from other people's because he never painted on the whole piece of 6 . He painted on half of it, and the other half was always 7 .

"That's very clever," everyone said, " 8 else does that!"

One day somebody bought one of Jimmy's 9 and then said to him, "Please tell me this, Jimmy. Why do you paint on the 10 half of your paper, but not on the top half?"

"Because I'm small," Jimmy said, "and my brushes don't reach very high." (2007·安徽省)

1. A. took B. borrowed C. lent D. painted

2. A. paid B. bought C. wanted D. needed

3. A. young B. famous C. short D. cool

4. A. fill B. buy C. sell D. draw

5. A. different B. similar C. away D. good

6. A. glass B. wood C. paper D. table

7. A. empty B. full C. dirty D. blue

8. A. Anybody B. Somebody C. everybody D. Nobody

9. A. brushes B. books C. pictures D. pens

10. A. middle B. bottom C. right D. left