翻译讲义(9)

作业讲评：

我来给你们讲个故事。可是我先得介绍介绍我自己：我姓王，叫王葆。我要讲的，正是我自己的一件事情，是我和宝葫芦的故事。

你们也许要问：“什么？宝葫芦？就是传说故事里的那种宝葫芦么？”

不错，正是那种宝葫芦。

可是我要声明，我并不是什么神仙，也不是什么妖怪。我和你们一样，是一个平平常常的普通人。你们瞧瞧，我是一个少先队员，我也和你们一样，很爱听故事。至于宝葫芦的故事，那我从小就知道了。那是我奶奶讲给我听的。奶奶每逢要求我干什么，她就得给我讲个故事。这是我们的规矩。

“乖小葆，来，奶奶给你洗个脚，”奶奶总是一面撵我，一面招手。“我不干，我怕烫。”我总是一面溜开，一面摆手。

“不烫啊。冷了好一会了。”

“那，我怕冷。”

奶奶撵上了我，说洗脚水刚好不烫也不冷。非洗不可。

English version

I’m going to tell you a story. But first let me introduce myself: I’m Wang Bao. This is going to be a true story about myself and my adventure with a magic gourd.

You may ask:

“what! A magic gourd? Like the ones in fairy tales?”

Yes, that’s exactly the kind I mean.

I must make it clear, though, that I’m not a fairy or ogre or anything. I’m an ordinary person just like you. See, I’m a Young Pioneer. And , just like you, I enjoy listening to stories.

I knew about magic gourds from the time I was very small. My grandmother told me. Every time granny wanted me to do something, she had to tell me a story. That was our rule.

“Come along, there’s a good boy, and let granny wash your feet.” She would run after me, beckoning.

“I won’t. The water is too hot.” I would try to escape, shaking my hand.

“It’s not hot. It’s been cooling for some time.”

“It’ll be too cold, then.”

Granny would catch me and say the water was exactly right, neither too hot nor too cold. There was no getting out of washing.

Lesson 9

Fill in the following blanks based on the source text

The Eiffel Tower was built for the International Exhibition of Paris of 1889 on the 100th ______ of the French Revolution. Of the 700 proposals submitted in a design competition, Gustave Eiffel’s was chosen ______ ______. The Prince of Wales, who later _______ King Edward VII of England, declared the official ______ of the tower.

However the construction of the tower was ______ by some people, including some famous ______ and ______ like Maupassant, Zola, Garnier and Dumas.

The tower would have been torn down in 1909 _____ it not been for the antenna ______ was used for telegraphy at that time. Ever _____ 1901 it _____ ______ part of International Time Service. French radio and television have also taken ______ of its height.

During its lifetime, the Eiffel Tower has witnessed a few unusual scenes. In 1954 a mountaineer ______ it. In 1984 two Englishmen ______ ______ it. In 1923 a journalist ______ down from the first level _____ ______. However there are _______ accounts of how he did it. Some ______ he rode down the stairs while ______ suggest he _______ down the exterior of one of the tower’s four legs.

______ the construction of the tower was not ______, it is now ______ as one of the symbols of Paris.

Comparison between English and Chinese (continued)

Complex (繁复)vs. simplex （简短）

English sentence-building is characterized by an “architecture style”（楼房建筑法）with extensive use of longer or subordinate structure while Chinese, a “chronicle style” (流水记事法)

1.In the doorway lay at least 12 umbrellas of all sizes and colors

门口放着一堆雨伞，少说也有十二把，五颜六色，大小不一。

2.There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met

我访问了一些地方，也遇到了一些人。要谈起来，奇妙的事儿可多着哩。

3.Can you answer a question which I want to ask and which is puzzling me?

我有一个问题弄不懂，想请教你，你能回答吗？

4.If the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the city church last Sunday evening does not wish to get into

trouble, he will return the umbrella to No. 10 Broad Street. He is well known.

上星期日傍晚，有人曾见某君在市教堂取走雨伞一把。取伞者如不想卷入纠纷，还是将其送至布劳德10号为妙。此君为谁，尽人皆知。

5.老栓正在专心走路，忽然吃了一惊，远远地看见一条丁字街，明明白白横着。他便退了几步，寻找一家关

着门的铺子，进檐下，靠门立住了。(鲁迅《药》)

Absorbed in his walking, Old Shuan was startled when he saw the crossroad lying distinctly ahead of him. He walked back a few steps to stand under the eaves of a shop in front of its closed door.

6.因为距离远，又缺乏交通工具，农村社会是与外界隔绝的。这种隔绝状态由于通讯工具不足变得更加严重

了。

The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is compounded by the paucity of the information media.

As a result of the above difference, the division of English complex sentences into Chinese simplex sentences is often necessary in translation: for example

1 .Many man-made substances are replacing certain natural materials because either the quantity of the natural product can not meet our ever-increasingrequirement, or more often, because the physical properties of the synthetic substance, which is the common name for man-made materials, have been choosen, and even emphasized, so that it would be of the greatest use in the fields in which it is to be applied.

人造材料统称为合成材料。许多人造材料正在代替某些天然材料，这或者是由于天然物产的数量不能满足日益增长的需要，或者往往是由于人们选择了合成材料的一些物理性质并加以突出而造成的。因此，合成材料在拟用的领域中将具有极大的用途。

2. Closely linked with this commitment is the new last paragraph of the preamble which reaffirms that priciple of the Charter of the United Nations in accordance with which member states must refrain from the use of force or the threat of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state and which declares that the establishment and the maintenance of international peace and security are to be promoted with the least diversion for armaments of the world’s human and economic resources.

与这一承诺密切相连的是序言中新增加的最后一段，它重申联合国宪章的一条原则，即会员国不得使用武力或武力威胁来侵犯任何国家的领土完整或政治独立，并且声明要尽量减少把世界人力及经济资源用于军备，以促进建立和维护国际和平与安全。

Superflous words

It has been wisely said that the adjective is the enemy of the noun. If we make a habit of saying “the true facts are there”, we shall come under suspicion when we profess to tell merely “the facts”. If a crisis is always acute and an emergency always grave, what left for those words to do by themselves? If active constantly accompanies consideration, we shall think we are being fobbed off when we are promised bare consideration. If a decision is always qualified by definite, a decision by itself becomes a poor filleted thing. If conditions are customarily described as prerequisite or essential, we shall doubt whether a condition without an adjective is really a condition at all. An unfilled vacancy may leave us wondering whether a mere vacancy is really vacant. If a part is always an integral part or a component part there is nothing left for a mere part except to be a spare part. ----E. Gower, The Complete Plain Words,

1979, pp.81-82

作业：

朝三暮四

从前，有一个人很喜欢猴子，他并不富裕，可是却在家中喂养了不少猴子。为了养活这些动物，他不得不让家里人了紧裤腰带。

后来，境况越来越不佳，这人没法再用粮食来喂养他的小伙伴了，只好决定用橡子（acorn）来充代实物。他把猴子全召集到一块，首先训了它们一顿，指责它们生活过于奢侈。末了他宣布说：“从今天起，我只能用橡子来填饱你们的肚皮，你们每个早餐可以吃三个，晚餐吃四个。”

猴子们心想自己受了虐待，于是大吼大叫，激烈地争吵起来。

此人对猴子的性情了如指掌，他听了一会儿，然后说：“好吧，如果你们不满意，我们就改变一下----早餐四个，晚餐三个，怎么样？”

起初，猴子们苦苦地想着，希望能算个明白。可是他们越是劳心费神，努力计算，就越是给搅糊涂了。最后，它们只好表示满意，一起围着亲爱的主人跳呀、唱呀，借此表达它们对他的敬意。

英汉翻译 第二讲 课后作业

9月20日作业 第二讲课后作业 Translate the following English phrases or sentences into Chinese. 一、一词多义、词的搭配 1. Take off The new dictionary has really taken off.(这本新字典很受欢迎。) Take off your wet shirt.（把你的湿衬衫脱下来。） The doctor took off his wounded left leg.（医生给他受伤的左腿做了截肢手术。） They had to take off the show because of poor audience.（观众太少令他们不得不取消演出）You can take only one day off.（你只能休一天假。） The officer leading the inquiry has been taken off.（主持这项调查的官员已经被撤职。） 2. But his attack was always repulsed by a kick or a blow from a stick.（但是他的攻击总是被一针拳打脚踢击退） 二、词序 1.定语的位置 1)We must help them in every way possible (every possible way). （我们用尽一切可能的方法去帮助他们） 2)This is the only reference book available here. （这是这里唯一的一本可用的参考书） 3)They are working to increase production at the highest speed possible （他们正努力地以可能的最快速度提高产量）. 4)This is the best solution imaginable. （这是能想到的最佳办法） 2. 状语的位置 1）A jeep, full, sped fast, drenching me in spray. （一辆全速疾驰的吉普车溅了我一身的水） 2）North American viewers watched the start of the royal procession without missing a single

第三讲英汉句式对比与翻译讲义

第二讲英汉句式结构对比与翻译 如果说词是最小的可以独立运用的意义单位，那么句子是语言的基本运用单位。一般情况下，进行语篇翻译时，无论是英译汉还是汉译英，基本上都是以句子为翻译单位的。尤其是英译汉时，即使是一个很长的句子，一般也要将整个句子通盘考虑，搞清整个句子的逻辑关系才能将句子翻译成既能忠实传达原文信息、风格、逻辑关系又能保持通顺的中文。 如果是汉译英，有时句子较长，可以根据意群进行切分，然后将切分开的句子逐句译为英文。将英汉两种语言的句式结构进行对比，了解两种语言在句式结构上的异同之处，对翻译来说是非常重要的一环。 英文句式结构 英文句式结构基本上都可以归纳为主谓结构，即S+V（主语+谓语动词）的结构，即使是祈使句，也不过是省略了主语的句子。英文的句子结构在S+V的结构上可以扩展，但总不外乎五种基本变化。 （1）S+V：He langhed. （2）S+V+Ｏ：Mary is reading Harry Potter. 3）S+V+Ｏ＋Ｏ.c. We heard them quarrelling. （4）S+V+I.O+D.C He gave me some first-hand marerial. （5）S+link.V+P He is in dangerous situation. 以上这些句型充分显示出英文的基本句式结构是主谓结构，而且这是一种高度语法化的句式结构，其中主语一般是动作的发出者（doer\agent)或动作的承受者（doee)，即整个句子分别为主动语态和被动语态。 用上述主谓结构来套中文的句子模式，有一部分汉语句子与上述英语句子基本是对应的。例（1）至（5）的意思，中文也有与英文相似的结构，分别为： （１）Ｃ：他笑了。 （２）Ｃ：玛丽在读《哈里.波特》。 （3）C：我们听见他们争吵。 （4）C：他给我一些一手资料。 （5）C：他处于危险的境地。/他处境危险。 二、中文句式结构 （一）主谓结构（S + V ） 例1：他没来。（S + V ） He didin’t come. 例2：全家人都在看电视。(S + V + O) The family are watching TV. 例3：我们看到很多人站在广场上。( S + V + O + O.C ) We saw many people standing on the square. 例4：你能递给我那本书吗？( S + V + I.O + D.C) Would you please pass me the book? 例5：他看上去很失望。（S + link. V + P） He looks disappointed.

英语讲义(附翻译)1

Final Guide to 2011 MBA T est --- A Bird’s Eye View T ype I Social Phenomenon (Debatable T opic) 1. 近两年，美国的大学入学考试进入中国，吸引了众多家长和中学生的关注。在一些大城市，申请参加考试的人数逐年增加。请对此现象谈谈看法。 Paragraph One Nowadays more and more Chinese high school students choose to apply for American college entrance test. This phenomenon has received immediate attention from our society. Relevant concern and discussion can be frequently found in media of every kind. (38 words) (第一段) 现今，越来越多中国高中生申请参加美国大学入学考试。这种现象立刻引起了全社会的关注。相关的关心和讨论能够频繁得出现在各种媒体上。 Paragraph Two Just as every coin has two sides, this phenomenon is no exception. People vary greatly in their viewpoint. Some argue that it’s understandable for Chinese students to take this action. They even add that American test is another good choice for those students. Of course, other people have radically different view. For them, American test comes as a competition to Chinese test system. They fear that our best students will be lost in this way. Besides, one more test means another burden to the students. (85 words) (第二段）正如每个硬币都有两面，这种现象也不例外。人们对这个现象观点不一。有些人认为中国学生这种行为是可以理解的，他们甚至认为美国考试对那些学生来说是另一种好的选择。当然，有些人持不同的观点，他们认为美国的考试对国内的考试体系构成竞争，他们担心我们会流失最好的学生。况且，更多的考试对学生存在不好的影响。 Paragraph Three It seems there is no ground for these two groups of people to reach an agreement on this phenomenon. As for me, it’s not bad to have another type of test. Therefore, I insist that there is no need to make a big fuss over the phenomenon. After all, it is up to the students to make the right choice. (60 words) (第三段)眼下看起来，上面的两种人，针对这种现象形成一致意见是没有基础的。就我而言，我认为多一种考试也不错。因此，我认为，针对这种现象，完全没有必要大惊小怪。毕竟，最终做决定的是学生。 2. 据中国青年报的调查，57%的大学生愿意毕业后从事保姆职业。也有33%的大学生认为这样的工作是对人才的浪费，不会选择这个工作。根据这个调查结果，请陈述自己的观点，并给大学生就业提出相关建议。 Paragraph One Nowadays more and more college graduates choose baby-sitting as their first job after graduation from college. This phenomenon has received immediate attention from our society. Relevant concern and discussion can be frequently found in media of every kind. (38 words) 第一段现如今，越来越多的大学生愿意毕业后从事保姆职业。这种现象立刻引起了全社会的关注，相关的评论和报道频繁的出现在各种媒体上. Paragraph Two While there is a heated discussion, even controversy, over the current issue of whether college graduates should do baby-sitting, my view is obvious enough: baby-sitting is a job, and

山东师范大学翻译讲义

山东师范大学外国语学院 英汉翻译English-Chinese Translation 贾磊 2011

1.Editing/修改 English Chinese ..the best collection of his drawings being in the Uffizi in Florence 他最好的草图都被收集在佛罗伦萨的乌菲兹美术馆 …during the funeral service,St Stephen and St Augustine were said to have miraculously intervened to place the body in its tomb with their own hands.据说圣史蒂芬和圣奥古斯丁神秘地介入了殡葬仪式并亲手将尸体放入墓地 He(Prince of Angri)had offered Caravaggio6,000scudi(a large sum)to fresco a loggia,an offer that was refused, doubtless because he disliked the medium,which he is not definitely know to have employed.亲王支付给卡拉瓦乔六千银币（一大笔钱）请他为自己的凉廊绘制壁画却遭到了拒绝，显然画家不喜欢这种绘画，因为这样不能明确地表明他是受雇而创作。 This marriage of convenience is clearly doomed.显然，这场贪图财利的婚姻，将不可避免地走向灾难的结局。 Wright of Derby was one of the earliest artists to restore men and women(pictorially at least)to what society then believed was their proper spheres:men think and reason, women feel.德比的莱特是把男人和女人重新恢复到当时社会所认为的适当社会地位的早期艺术家之一（至少在绘画上如此），即：男人善于思考推理，女人善于感性体验。 Unfetted by the conventions that such grandiloquent portaits required,Reynolds created his freshest and most daring portait of a society beauty.雷诺兹没有被这种浮华肖像画的惯例所束缚,他创造了一个上流社会美女的最令人耳目一新，也是最大胆创新的肖像画。 Sitting backwards in a chair,Mrs Abington has her thumb in her mouth as she stares distractedly,yet with bright, captivating eyes,out into space.阿宾顿夫人靠在椅背上，拇指放于嘴中，瞪着眼睛若所所思，但她明亮美丽的眼睛却望向苍穹。 在20世纪初期 拿破仑的妈妈在骄傲地观礼。 He confronts a people whose language he does not know, on whose kindness he must rely,and with whom–his poetic gifts now all but useless to him–he must attempt to communicate.他碰上的这个民族，他不懂他们的语言，他又必须依赖他们的善良生存，而且他必须试着去跟他们沟通——现在诗人的天赋对他来说已是百无一用。 The painting must have been admired by Edgar Degas, because the older artist started in earnest on his own quest to represent the“modern”,but female,body in the act of bathing in1884-85,just as Caillebotte signed and dated his most important late painting.这幅画肯定受到了埃德加?德加的赞美，因为这位艺术前辈早在1884-85年就开始用他自己的方式虔诚地表现“现代的”，而不是女性的，浴中人体艺术，正如同卡耶波特在他晚期最重要的作品中所签署并注明的一样。 当它还在画架上时便被著名的俄国收藏家史楚金(Sergei Shchukin)预定收藏。 Schwitters was particularly influenced by Kandinsky’s ideas about the synthesis of different art forms and his ideal of creating a universal Gesamtkunstwerk（‘total work of art’）.康定斯基对不同艺术表现形式之间应相互融合的思想以及他希望创造一个世界性的完全的纯艺术作品的理想深深地影响着施维特斯。 Essentially self-taught,in autumn1954the young American Jasper Johns destroyed all the works in his New York studio as a prelude to reinventing his art from first principles.1954年秋天，贾斯帕?约翰斯——一位基本上是自学成才的年轻的美国小伙子——销毁了他纽约工作室里所有的作品，这一举动，拉开了约翰斯挑战抽象主义画风的序幕。

英语翻译技巧选修课讲义

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翻译讲义

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第二讲：翻译的定义及标准、语义翻译（2） 一．什么是翻译？ ---翻译是一门艺术，是语言艺术的再创作。如果把写作比成自由舞蹈，翻译就是带着手铐脚镣在跳舞，而且还要跳得优美。 ---翻译是技能，再现原文信息时，为避免信息的损失，力戒欠额翻译（undertranslation）和过载翻译(overtranslation)，译者要采用增词，减词，引申，并句和分句等技巧。 ---翻译是在译语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现源语的信息，首先是意义对等，其次是文体对等。 二．翻译的教学标准 《高等学校英语专业高年级英语教学大纲》规定，英汉翻译的评估项目标为： A．忠实：“原文信息全部传达，语气和文体风格与原文相一致”60% B．通顺：“断句恰当，句式正确，选词妥贴”40% 三．翻译技巧（2）： 语义翻译（2）---翻译时应当注意词义的褒贬。 翻译时，必须正确理解原作者的基本立场和观点，然后选用适当的语言手段译出。原文中词语的褒贬意义，要根据上下文恰如其分地表达出来，即使有些词语孤立起来看似乎是中性的。Eg. As a demanding boss, he expected total loyalty and dedication. She is a demanding teacher, yet she’s very kind to her students. John was an aggressive salesman who did his job quite well. Hitler pursued an aggressive policy after he seized power. 四．翻译练习（2） I. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the choice of words. 1.She is fidgety and restless. 2.All the inventors have a restless mind. 3.They incited him to go into further investigation. 4.The plotters incited the soldiers to rise against their officers. 5.The general has the reputation of being courageous. 6.He was an honest man, but unfortunately he had a certain reputation. II. Improve the following translations based on the principle of faithfulness and fluency. 1.I have read your articles. I expected to meet an older man. 我拜读过你的文章，我期望可以找到一个年纪稍长的人。 2.They ran away as fast as their legs could carry them. 他们跑得像他们的腿所能载动他们那样的快。 3.I will go and attend the reception, if only to make some new friends. 我将去参加招待会，但只是为了交些新朋友。 4.When she and he met again, each had been married to another. 当再次相见时，每个人都结婚了。

2016年高考英语冲刺讲义(翻译1)

精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义 学员编号：年级：高三课时数：3 学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师：余英 授课类型C专题—翻译常用句型C专题—成语翻译T能力—综合翻译训练授课日期及时段 教学内容 一.专题知识梳理 知识点1：翻译常用句型 1. As is known ( to us all ), … = It is known (to us all) that … 2. It seems that sb./sth.… =sb./sth. seems to… It appears (to sb) that …=sb./sth. appears to… 3. It (so)happened that sb./sth.…=sb./sth. happened to… 4. There is/are…. There seems to be… There happened to be… There must have been… T here is going to/will be… 5. Sth occurred to sb It (suddenly) occurred to sb that … It never occurred to sb that… = It didn’t occur to sb that… 6. It is said / reported that sb./sth.… = sb / sth is said / reported to do… It is believed that sb./sth.… = sb / sth is believed to do…… 7. It is no good / use doing … 1 / 15