川大2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题(英语翻译基础)

考试科目： 351英语翻译基础

适用专业：英语口译（MTI）、英语笔译（MTI）

（注意：答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题上不给分）

I. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target languages respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one pint for each. (30’)

CPI

SME

WWF

ISO

CIF

Foxconn

MOFCOM

TPP

IPCC（Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change）

Chemical Oxygen Demand

the “100,000” Strong Initiative by President Obama

carbon foot print

debt ceiling

solar photovoltaics

Standard & Poor’s

非关税壁垒

平板电视

廉租房

经济二次触底

海选

剩男剩女

地沟油

潜规则

中国载人航天计划

紧缩性货币政策

云计算

民心工程

智能城市

《海峡两岸经济合作框架协议》

《中庸》

II. Directions: Translate the following source texts into their

target languages respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its

target language is English. (120’)

Source Text 1:

High-speed ground transportation (HSGT) technologies with vehicle speeds exceeding 150 mph can be divided into two basic categories:

High-speed rail (HSR) systems, with top speeds between 150 and 200 mph, use steel wheels on steel rails, as with traditional railroads, but can achieve higher speeds because of the design of both the rail bed and cars.

High-speed magnetic levitation (MAGLEV) systems, with top speeds between 250 and 300 mph, use forces of attraction or repulsion from powerful magnets placed in either the vehicle or the guideway beneath it both to lift the vehicle above the guideway and to propel it forward. A MAGLEV vehicle can be likened to a flying train or a guided aircraft.

If linked effectively with highways and air service, HSGT technologies – particularly MAGLEV – could have a significant impact on congestion in the future.

When comparing HSR with MAGLEV technologies, MAGLEV appears to be the technology of choice. Though the new generation of HSR technology can reach commercial speeds of up to 186 mph, additional increases in speed pose great engineering problems, suggesting that rail transportation is a mature technology. MAGLEV technology, on the other hand, is in its infancy and will improve substantially with additional engineering.

Source Text 2:

The fortunate people in the world—the only really fortunate people in the world, in my mind, — are those whose work is also their pleasure. The class is not a large one, not nearly so large as it is often represented to be; and authors are perhaps one of the most important elements in its composition. They enjoy in this respect at least a real harmony of life. To my mind, to be able to make your work your pleasure is the one class distinction in the world worth striving for; and I do not wonder that others are inclined to envy those happy human beings who find their livelihood in the gay effusions of their fancy, to whom every hour of labor is an hour of enjoyment, to whom repose however necessary—is a tiresome interlude, and even a holiday is almost deprivation. Whether a man writes well

or ill, has much to say or little, if he cares about writing at all, he will appreciate the pleasures of composition. To sit at one’s

table on a sunny morning, with four clear hours of uninterruptible security, plenty of nice white paper, and a Squeezer pen—that is

true happiness. The complete absorption of the mind upon an agreeable occupation—what more is there than that to desire? What does it matter what happens outside? The House of Commons may do what it likes, and so may the House of Lords. The heathen may rage furiously

in every part of the globe. The bottom may be knocked clean out of

the American market. Consols may fall and suffragettes may rise.

Never mind, for four hours, at any rate, we will withdraw ourselves from a common, ill-governed, and disorderly world, and with the key

of fancy unlock that cupboard where all the good things of the

infinite are put away.

Source Text 3:

锦江在秦汉时代称为成都二江，包括郫江（内江）和检江（外江）。自汉以后，二江开始有了一个诗意化的通称：锦江。据史料记载，蜀地的织女们爱用二江

的水洗濯织锦（brocade），洗后的锦缎纹理鲜明，颜色更加艳丽，因而此二江得名“锦江”。锦江的得名还与都江堰有关。在古蜀时代，岷江进入成都平原

后的水流是散漫混浊的，平原一片沼泽，难以农耕。由于有了都江堰，用二江

引渠作灌溉，浊流变为清江，水害变为水利，这才有濯锦江波的条件，才有锦

江的得名。都江堰使成都平原成为沃野千里、水旱从人的天府，锦江使成都成

为繁荣富庶的名都。都江堰与锦江都是成都城市文明的摇篮。

锦江赋予成都天青水绿的自然环境。成都的天生丽质离不开锦江“水绿天青不

起尘，风光和暖胜三秦”的优良自然条件。

Source Text 4:

多数科学家相信，石油是由数万亿年之前亿万个生活在海洋里的微小动植物遗

体的分解物形成的。在这些生物死亡之后，遗体即腐烂，经过数百万年之后，

便在海洋底部形成了矿泥层；由于地壳运动的挤压和由此产生的热量的共同作用，这些矿泥层就变成了石油。

石油分馏物（组成称为石油的混合物的东西）及其副产品多得不可胜数：有小

汽车用的汽油，火车、公共汽车和载重卡车的柴油，航空汽油，各种发动机用

的润滑油，发电站和轮船用的重油，铺路的沥青，制造塑料、合成纤维乃至合

成食品的石油化学产品，等等。今天，没有石油产品的世界几乎是不可想象的。

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我基本是一个空想社会改良家，在教这门课之前，我将孩子们 的学力能力差归咎于毒品、离婚和其它妨碍注意力集中的东西，要想学习好就必须集中注意力。但是，我每一次走进教室都会再度发现，一个老师在期望学生全神贯注之前，他必须先吸引学生的注意力，无论附近有什么分散注意力的东西。要做到这点，有很多种办法，它们与教学风格有很大的关系。然而，单靠风格无法起效，有另一个办法可以显示谁是在教室里掌握胜局的人。这个办法就是亮出失败的王牌。 我永远也忘不了一位老师亮出那张王牌以吸引我的一个孩子的 注意。我的小儿子是个世界级的万人迷，学习不怎么动脑筋却总能蒙混过关，直到施蒂夫特夫人当了他的老师，这种局面才彻底改变了。 当她教我儿子英语时，我儿子是一个高中高年级学生。他坐在 后排和他的朋友说话。她告诉我。你为什么不把他换到前排来？我恳求道，我相信令他难堪的做法会让他安心学习。史蒂夫特夫人从眼镜上方冷冷地看着我。我不会换高年级学生的座位。她说，我会给他们不及格的成绩。我大感紧张。我们儿子的学习生涯在我的眼前闪现。之前，没有老师以此威胁过他。我恢复镇定，艰难地表示我认为她是对的。到家时，我对此感觉良好。目前这是一种激进的做法，但是，嗯，为什么不这么做呢？她要给你不及格。我告诉我的儿我没有再多说什么。突然英语就在他的生活中成了头等大事。他期末得了一个A。 我知道一个例子不能说明问题，但我在夜校中看见了一群愤怒、怨恨的学生，他们愤恨的原因是学校让他们一路混，直到他们甚至都无法再假装跟得上。这些学生智力水平至少也算中等，但最终都退学

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