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Unit 2 人称代词、物主代词和指示代词的用法

Unit 2 人称代词、物主代词和指示代词的用法
Unit 2 人称代词、物主代词和指示代词的用法

人称代词、物主代词和指示代词的用法

【用法讲解】

一、人称代词的用法。

1.人称代词的意义和分类。

英语中用来表示“你、我、她”这样含义的词叫人称代词。人称代词可以分为主格和宾格,例如:“我”的主格是“I”,宾格是“me”。主格在句子中做主语,宾格在句子中做宾语。

例如:I am a student. 我是个学生。

这句话中的“我”是主语,所以用主格“I ”。

My mother likes me. 我的妈妈喜欢我。

这句话中的“我”是宾语,所以用宾格“me”。

2.人称代词主格和宾格的进一步区分。

汉语中的人称代词没有主格、宾格的区别,例如“我帮助你”跟“你帮助我”

中的“我”和“你”都是同一个字;然而在英语中,它们由于扮演语法成分的不同,使用的是不同的词。

例如:I help you. 我帮助你。

You help me. 你帮助我。

这两句里“我”分别担任主语和宾语,但担任主语时是“I”,担任宾语时是“me”。

两句中的“you”虽然形式相同,但实际担任的成分是不同的,只不过因为“you”

的主格和宾格“长得一样”罢了。因此代词的主格、宾格内容是英语初学者容易犯错误的地方。需要同学们加以注意。

以下是各人称代词的主格和宾格:

1.定义和分类。

汉语中“你的、她的、我的……”这样含义的词在英文中翻译为“your, her, my…”;

这些表示所属关系的代词称为物主代词。物主代词可以分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。本单元我们重点要掌握的是形容词性物主代词。

2.具体用法。

1)形容词性物主代词翻译为“……的”,它的用法相当于形容词,后面可以接名词,不可以单独使用。

例如:my book 我的书

her bike 她的自行车

2)在形容词性物主代词和名词之间还可以加入其他的形容词做修饰语。

例如:This is her yellow bike. 这是她的黄色自行车。

That is his blue shirt. 那是他的蓝色衬衫。

3)名词性物主代词既有代词的性质也有名词的性质,后面不可以接名词。形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词。

例如:This is my book= This is mine.

这是我的书。= 这是我的(书)。

That is your bike= That is yours.

那是你的自行车。= 那是你的(自行车)。

三、指示代词的用法。

用来表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的词叫指示代词。

英文中的指示代词有:this(这个),these(这些),that(那个),those(那些)。

this(these)一般用来指时间或者空间上较近的事物。

例如:Is this your pencil? 这是你的铅笔吗?

These are his brothers. 这些是他的兄弟们。

These yellow socks are good. 这些黄色的袜子很好。

that(those)常用来指时间或者空间上较远的事物。

例如:That dictionary is Helen’s. 那个字典是海伦的。

How much is that white bag? 那个白色的包多少钱?

Are those your books? 那些是你的书吗?

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