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英语长句分析

英语长句分析

17. And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better.

【分析】复合句。句子主干为one leading authority says that…,that引导宾语从句,其主干为these…men tal events can be not only harnessed but... brought under conscious control。其中not only...but...表示“不仅…而且...”;句末的不定式短语作目的状语。

【译文】一名主要的权威人士说,梦这种异常强烈的精神活动不仅能被驾驭,事实上还可以有意识的加以控制,以帮助我们睡眠更好,感觉更佳。

18. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved;the limbic system (the "emotional brain")is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet.

【分析】并列句。分号连接两个并列的分句,后一分是对前一分句的解释说明,其中又包含由while连接的两个并列分句,表对比关系。

【译文】但并非大脑所有部分的活动都是均等的,脑边缘系统(“情绪大脑”)尤其活跃,而前额皮质(思维和推理的中心部位)则相对安静。

大学英语四级长句翻译方法及技巧

第19卷第12期 武汉科技学院学报Vol.19 No.12 2006年12月 JOURNAL OF WUHAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Dec. 2006 英语长句翻译方法及技巧 张艳萍 (湛江师范学院大学外语部, 广东湛江 524048) 摘要:英语长句翻译是英语学习中的一个难点,本文从英汉语言对比的角度,探讨了英汉两种语言的 差异,进一步分析了两种语言长句的特点,概述了英语长句的常用的四种翻译方法,并举例分析了这些 方法在实际中的运用。 关键词:英汉长句;差异;翻译;技巧 中图分类号:H315.9 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1009-5160(2006)-0200-04 我们在英语教学过程中,往往会发现学生在汉译英时出现中国式英语,英译汉时句子却“西化”。究其原因我认为这主要是因为英语和汉语来自两种完全不同的文化语言体系,语序差别甚大,尤其遇到复杂长句,除了需要较强的对比分析理解能力外,还要求我们掌握一定的翻译理论和技巧以及具备较好的语言表达能力。为此,本人结合自己的英语教学实际,拟从英汉语言对比的角度来对英语长句的翻译问题作些探讨。 1 英汉句子结构的差异 人类语言的多样性,使翻译成为人类交流的重要媒介。同时,由于不同语言体系的差异,在英汉翻译里,英语和汉语会在句法结构、内在逻辑关系存在着明显差异: (1)英语句子重形合,汉语句子重意合。汉语注重隐性连贯注重逻辑事理顺序、注重功能、意义,注重以神统形,形合手段比英语少得多,没有英语所常用的那些关系代词、关系副词、连接代词和连接副词。并且汉语介词数量少,句式结构上也无太多的限制,可以利用说话的语气、环境及语言结构内部的相互衬托等条件使语句尽量辞约义丰。所以汉语是一种必须联系交际人主体意识、语言环境、句子表达功能作动态的意念分析的重“意合”的语言,是有别于英语句子重“形合”,试看下面句子: 例1:My idea of a good P.E. class is one where youth are involved in at least 20 minutes of basic movement that gets their heart rates up. 译文:说到一节好的体育课,我的想法是青年在体育课中至少要进行20分钟使他们心跳加快的基本运动。 这是一个典型的重形合的英语句子,全句用两个关系代词将两个定语从句联系起来,在译文中,将关系一层层理清楚,整句语气从容不迫,这就符合了汉语的叙事方法。 例2:不听老人言,吃亏在眼前。 译文1:If you wish good advice, consult an old man. 原文中的假设关系是隐含的,译成英语时用连词if把假设关系给表达出来,从这一例句可以看出英语重形合而汉语重意合的句子特点。 译文2:Who never consults an old man may suffer loss. 此句用名词性从句来翻译,同样体现了英汉两种语言在“形”和“意”上的区别。 (2)汉语通常根据时间顺序逐个翻译,而英语则较注重空间顺序。 汉语句中可常见两个以上的动词,甚至几乎全句皆动词。如:孩子们手里拿着老师给他们的礼物,唱着、 收稿日期:2006-09-17 作者简介:张艳萍(1978- ),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:英语翻译.

长句分析

一.分析下列句子的句子成分。 1. Look at the pictures below and discuss what they are and whether they are cultural relics or not. 2.This was a time when the two countries were at war 3..There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg. 4.For example, it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world. 5.It's in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races, together with swimming, sailing and all the team sports. 6.I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage. 7.As time went by ,I was made smaller. 8.But I was always so lonely standing there by myself until in the early 1960s they gave me a family connected by a network. 9.She programs me with all the possible moves she has seen while watching human games. 10.After all, with the help of my electronic brain which never forgets anything, using my intelligence is what I'm all about! 11.Please, take me to a distant land where I can find the animal that gave fur to make this sweater. 12.You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together.

高考英语句子成分分析报告

Part1英语句子成分 一、词类 英语词类分十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 二、句子成分 1.主语:是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如:

The car is running fast. / The girl can sing many English songs.(名词) We are students. / This is my pen . Yours is on the desk.(代词) One of my classmates is from Shanghai. / Two and three is five.(数词) The blind need more help.(名词化的形容词) It's bad manners to spit in public. (不定式) Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词) 【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。 练一练:指出下例句中主语的中心词。 ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. 2.谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如: 由单一动词作谓语:We are Chinese. / He has an English- Chinese dictionary. 情态动词加主要动词:We can play the piano. / You must see the doctor. 助动词加主要动词构成谓语:She is talking with her sister. / I have seen this man before.

【英语长句难句】英语难句长句详细解析

翻译一本通:难句解析 1. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. (难度系数5,下同) 译文:那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量,并因此能在最大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。 【英语长句难句】 难句类型:倒装、省略 a.本句的正常语序应当是:That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted will be favored.但是因为主语That sex ratio之后的以which引导的修饰它的定语从句,如果按照以上语序,则有头重脚轻之感。所以原文将此长长的从句倒装成谓语will be favored之后。 b.在which引导的从句中,有两处省略:第一处在maximize的第一个宾语the number of descendants that an individual will have中,an individual will have是修饰descendants的定语从句,但是,因为descendants在从句中作have的宾语,所以引导词that可以省略。第二处省略是在第二个the number of 之前,省略了与前面一样的成分that sex ratio which maximizes. And hence在此表示后面的成分作为前面“最大化一个个体的后代的数目的”结果。 意群训练:That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. 2. (This is )A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower .(5++)复杂+倒装+省略; (这是一种)照亮现实的欲望,此欲望从来就不会唐突的取代后面的那种欲望,后者是我们可以将其部分的理解为一个兼任小说加和科学家的人想要去准确并具体的记录下一朵花的结构和文理的那种意义上的欲望。 解释:本句子的难度在一切GRE、GMA T包括LSAT考试中所出现的难句中堪称登峰造极,可以确定地讲,类似此句子的难度的语言,在计算机考试的现场绝无可能出现。如果对此句话不感兴趣,可以把其废掉不读。 A、这句话读起来别扭的第一个原因,是因为它根本就不是一个句子。句首省略了this is 。这种用一个词代替一个句子的方式如果在书面语中出现,只能出现在高级英语中,因此我们以前的英语学习中从未遇到过。其形式类似于我们中文的“精彩”是“这句话真是精彩”的省略形式。 B、desire后跟着两个大的修饰成分,一个是to throw over reality a light,其中的a light 是被倒装到了over reality之后,正常应是throw a light over reality.不过这个便装部分与throw 距离不远,读者看得还算懂。关键是第二个修饰成分。注意:从that开始直到句尾结束的长长的定语从句不是修饰其前的light的,而是修饰一开始的desire的。 C、第二个修饰成分中又来了一个倒装,由于作者为了强调never,所以将其提前,引发了定语从句中的倒装:正常语序应该是that might never be given away,倒装后系动词was被提前,given因为在情态动词might之后所以变成了原型give。A give way to B,是A让位于B,而A be given way to B,则是A取代B。on the part of 之后的部分修饰后面的desire, what引导的从句现场阅读时可以看成一个名词。What从句中的不定式to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower中又有一个避免头重脚轻的倒装,正常语序应该

从英语语言特点视角下解决英语长句翻译

龙源期刊网 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/117442303.html, 从英语语言特点视角下解决英语长句翻译 作者:张小莉 来源:《各界·下半月》2018年第11期 摘要:随着现阶段我国社会经济发展速度的不断加快,我国与世界各国的经济贸易往来变得越来越频繁,在这过程中,经常会涉及跨国语言交流沟通的情况。此外,目前的国际社会对英文翻译的需求量也正在不断增大。基于此,本文对英语语言特点视角下解决英语长句翻译问题进行了分析以及探讨,并且给出了一些笔者自己的看法,希望对英语翻译者的学习有所帮助。 关键词:英语语言特点;长句翻译;综合分析 对于英语学习来说,当词汇量以及语法掌握到一定程度之后,英语翻译的学习就是非常关键的了,翻译是一种语言活动,同时具有跨文化以及跨社会的特点,其是将一种文化语言转变成另一种文化语言,并且尽量保证原文化思想以及形式的语言表达活动。现阶段,我国与其他国家的贸易往来越来越频繁,英语翻译的重要性不言而喻,但是英语长句的翻译一直是英语翻译学习当中的难点,主要是由于很多学生在对其进行学习的时候,往往没有掌握重点,如何采用有效的学习方法来保证英语长句的学习质量得到保证,成了现阶段英语翻译学习当中的重点。英语长句翻译不能仅仅靠词汇量的累积,这样很难保证英语长句翻译的准确性,一般情况下,对于英语来说,由于英语语句的语境不同,最终所呈现出来意思也会有很大的不同,翻译者在对其进行翻译的时候,应该充分考虑到这一点。 一、对英语的语言特点进行分析 (一)英语语言“形合”的主要表现 现阶段,英语已经成为世界范围内的通用语言,其主要的表现形式与汉语还是存在一定区别的,相比之下,汉语更加重视“意合”,也就是说汉语在表达的时候,往往喜欢将长短句串换使用,一般情况下,在一个句子当中几乎不会出现两个连接词,这样一来,就单个句子所表达的含义来说,更容易使人理解。也就是说,在很多时候汉语的表达往往不注重对于连接词的紧密使用,也很少会出现同时表达多种事物以及意象的句子。 在进行英语翻译学习的时候,从语言学的角度分析,可以看出,英语更加注重“形合”,这与英语的语言视角有很大的关系,其主要是指在一句话中的若干短句之间习惯采用关联词进行连接,从而使得整个句子的表达已经更加完整,但这样一来,常常就会导致一些英语句子相对较长,在对其进行翻译的时候会面临一定的困难。英语更加倾向用连接的方式来使语句变得更加完整,而中文则会将语句断开,使其变成一个一个很短的句子,然后让读者自行理解其所表达的意思。对于英语来说,当应用各种连接词对单词进行串联的时候,就需要翻译者有清晰的

2017江苏英语高考阅读理解D句子成分分析

Old Problem,New Approaches While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life,global warming主语will continue谓语for some decades after CO2emissions(排放) peak. So even if emissions were to begin decrease today,we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation. When it comes to adaptation,it is important to understand that climate change is a process主语. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard,but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why in part at least,the US National Climate Assessment says that: “There is no …one-size fits all?adaptation.” Nevertheless,there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost定语. Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, 独立成分especially in some poor countries. Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster状语. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics定语, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity (连接) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season状语. Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man定语. The loss of glaciers (冰川) there定语due to global warming定语represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times 定语when it can damage crops. Norphel?s inspiration come from seeing the waste of water over

英语长句分析

17. And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. 【分析】复合句。句子主干为one leading authority says that…,that引导宾语从句,其主干为these…men tal events can be not only harnessed but... brought under conscious control。其中not only...but...表示“不仅…而且...”;句末的不定式短语作目的状语。 【译文】一名主要的权威人士说,梦这种异常强烈的精神活动不仅能被驾驭,事实上还可以有意识的加以控制,以帮助我们睡眠更好,感觉更佳。 18. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved;the limbic system (the "emotional brain")is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. 【分析】并列句。分号连接两个并列的分句,后一分是对前一分句的解释说明,其中又包含由while连接的两个并列分句,表对比关系。 【译文】但并非大脑所有部分的活动都是均等的,脑边缘系统(“情绪大脑”)尤其活跃,而前额皮质(思维和推理的中心部位)则相对安静。

英语翻译技巧分析

英语长句的分析方法:去枝叶,留主干。1)划出句子中的定语从句和状语从句; 2)划出所有介词短语(位于be动词后的除外); 3)名词性从句看作一个整体,找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词; 4)非谓语动词结构看作一个整体; 5)找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语,即句子的主干; 6)分析从句的结构和非谓语动词的内部结构。 1. But even more important,it was the

farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past,for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. 结构分析:句子的框架是it was the farthest that…。但It was…that…在本句中不是强调句型。it是指上句中所提到的150亿年前形成的巨大云团(a strip of enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion light-years from earth);that引导的应是一个定语从句,修饰先行词the farthest。for引导的是表示原因的分句,分句中还有that引导的定语从句,修饰the patterns and structure。译文:但更重要的是,这是科学家们所能观测到的有关过去的最为遥远的景象,因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形

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