医学英语词根词缀大全

Suffix Meaning Example

-ac pertaining to

属于，关于cardiac: pertaining to the heart 心脏（病）的

-al~

pertaining to

medical: pertaining to medicine

-ar pertaining to molecular: pertaining to a molecule

分子的

-ary pertaining to

belonging to ciliary: pertaining to the cilia 。

睫毛的,纤毛的,毛状的

-ase enzyme 酶amylase: any enzyme that converts starch to

sugar 淀粉酶

-cle smallness

小,少,贫乏,小气follicle: a small bodily cavity or sac 小囊,(头发的)毛囊

-e>

an instrument 仪器auriscope: an instrument for examining the ear (检查耳朵用的)耳镜

-eal pertaining to laryngeal: pertaining to the larynx

喉的, 喉音的

-ia condition; quality phobia: abnormal fear 恐惧，害怕

-ic

pertaining to toxic: pertaining to toxin 有毒的；因中毒引起的

-ics study of; name of a science paediatrics: study of children, their development

and diseases 儿科学

-ine/in substance 物质insulin：substance (hormone) produced by the

islets of Langerhans in the pancreas

胰岛素

'

-ism process or condition alcoholism: excessive drinking of alcohol which

becomes addictive 酒精中毒

-ist one who specializes in

精通于……的人pharmacologist: a doctor who specializes in the study of drugs 药理专家

-itis inflammation refers to a part in

……部位的炎症%

rhinitis: inflammation of the nasal passages 鼻炎，鼻粘膜炎

-(i)um relation to a whole; related to

与……相关

endometrium: inner lining of the uter子宫内膜-ive characterizes by antitussive: a drug that suppresses coughing

止咳药

》

-let

tiny; small droplet: a tiny drop 小滴

-ment the result or product of an action development: thing which develops or is being

developed; action of becoming mature -oid resembling; like

像

mucoid: resembling mucus ！ 粘液样的

-ole little; small centriole: the small dense structure in the middle

of the centrosome

细胞中心粒；中心体

-oma tumor; swelling refers to a doer dermatofibroma: fibrous tumor of the skin

皮肤纤维瘤

-or/-er 、 either a person or thing receptor: a sensory nerve ending that responds to

various stimuli 感受器，受体

-ory characterized by; pertaining to suspensory: which is hanging down

悬吊式，悬带

-ose sugar fructose: fruits sugar found in honey and some

fruit 果糖

-osis < abnormal condition onychocryptosis: abnormal condition of a hidden

nail 嵌甲

-ous pertaining to poisonous: pertaining to poison; also containing

poison 有毒的，分泌毒素的

-somes bodies ribosome: the body of nucleic acid 核糖体

-um structure; thing; substance ￥ 结构，物质

magnesium: a white metallic chemical substance

镁（金属元素）

-y

condition; act; process dystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition or metabolism 营养不良

The following is a list of the most commonly used compound suffixes

Suffix Meaning Example

-algia # pain; painful; condition

arthralgia: pain in a joint 关节痛

--ase enzyme protease: digestive enzyme 蛋白酶

-blast embryo 胚，胚胎，人类胚胎 hemocytoblast: blast cell 血胚细胞，原始血细胞

-carcinoma malignant tumor developing from

connective tissue 相关组织的恶性肿瘤 ! adenocarcinoma: malignant tumor developing

from glandular tissue 腺癌

-cele protrusion; distention 突出；膨胀，

延伸 esophagocele: abnormal distention of the esophagus 食管突出 -centesis

surgical puncture 手术穿孔 paracentesis: surgical puncture of a cavity for the aspiration of fluid 穿刺术 -capnia

carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 acapnia: absence of carbon dioxide 血液二氧化碳缺乏 … -cide

kill

germicide: (substance) which can kill germs 杀菌剂 -clast cell phagocyte:cell, especially a white blood cell,

which can surround and destroy other cells 噬菌

细胞 -dynia

pain glossodynia: pain in the tongue 舌痛 '

-ectasia/

-ectasis

expansion; dilation(膨胀，扩张) atelectasis: incomplete expansion of the lungs at birth 肺不张 -ectomy

surgical excision or removal of gastrectomy: surgical removal of the stomach 胃切除术 -edema

excessive accumulation of serous fluid 水肿 myxoedema: condition caused when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone 粘液腺瘤病，粘液水肿 】

-emia

blood condition leukemia: any of several malignant diseases where an abnormal number of leucocytes form in the blood 白血病 -emesis

vomiting 呕吐 hematemesis: the vomiting of blood 咯血；吐血 -gen

something that produced or prouduces pathogen: a microorganism or agent capable of producing disease 病菌，病原体 -genesis

@ production 生产 spermatogenesis: formation and development of spermatozoa in the testes 精子发生 -globin

protein 蛋白质 hemoglobin: an iron-containing protein produced by erythrocytes 血红素 -gnosis

knowledge diagnosis: the process of identifying the nature or presence of a disease through knowledge and examination -gram

image; picture . electrocardiogram: a graphic record of the electrical activity of heart muscle or heartbeat used in the diagnosis of heart disease. Abbr. ECG and EKG. Syn. cardiogram 心电图 -graph(y)

process of recording 记录过程 electocardiography: the process of making or recording electrocardiograms. Syn. cardiography 心电图记录 -iasis

condition; state 情况，状况 ; cholelithiasis: the formation of gallstones 胆石症 -iatry/

-iatrics

healing, frequently refers to a branch of medicine 康复，常指医学的一个分支 podiatry: treatment of foot disorders 足部医疗 -lith

stone cholelith: a gallstone; a stone formed in the gallbladder 胆结石 -logy

. the study of cytology: the science study of cells 细胞学 -logist

one who studies and treats urologist: a physician who specializes in the practice of urology 泌尿科医生 -lysis breakdown, destruction hemolysis: the destruction or breakdown of red

blood cells with release of hemoglobin 溶血 -malacia

softening } osteomalacia: softening of bone 骨软化 -mania

extreme compulsion or preoccupation 强迫症 kleptomania: a morbid, uncontrollable compulsion to steal 盗窃癖 -megaly giant acromegaly: a condition in which there is an

enlargement of the facial bones as well as those

of the lungs 肢端肥大症

-metry/ -meter measurement ;

spirometry: measurement of the volume of air

inhaled and exhaled or the air capacity of the

lungs 肺(活)量测定(法),呼吸量测定(法)

-odynia pain cardiodynia: pain in the heart region 心痛，胸痛

-one hormone 荷尔蒙，激素

parathormone: which regulates calcium balance among the blood, bones, and teeth 甲状旁腺激

素

-opia a defect in the eye 眼睛的毛病 myopia: being short-sighted 近视

- -opsy to view biopsy: excision of live tissue for microscopic diagnosis 活检

-osis morbid condition 病态的 sclerosis: abnormal hardening 硬化症 -osmia smell anosmia: loss of the sense of smell 嗅觉丧失

-ostomy | process of making an opening into or a connection between 造瘘

gastrostomy: surgical construction of an opening

from the surface of the abdomen into the

stomach 胃造口术

-oxia level of oxygen 氧水平

hypoxia: a low oxygen level or a lack of oxygen in body tissues 组织缺氧

-pathy disease; diseased condition ophthalmopathy: any eye disease 眼病

-penia , deficiency leukopenia: deficiency of leukocytes in the blood.

Syn. leukocytopenia 白细胞减少症

-pepsia digestion eupepsia: good digestion 消化良好

--pexy a fixing or setting firmly in place by suturing 缝合固定 hepatopexy: surgical fixation of a displace liver 肝

固定术

-phagia/phag y eating; swallowing 吃，吞咽

| dysphagia: difficulty in swallowing 吞咽困难 -phil attraction 吸引，具有吸引力的事物 basophil: type of leucocyte or white blood cell

which contains granules 嗜碱性粒细胞

-phobia fear xenophobia: irrational fear of strangers 对外国人

的恐惧，憎恶

-plasia formation; development hyperplasia: overdevelopment or enlargement of

an organ or tissue 增生，数量型肥大

- -phonia

voice dysphonia: difficulty in speaking 发声困难 -plasm formation; growth or substance of c ytoplasm: jelly substance in the cell 细胞浆

formation -plasty

surgical repair osteoplasty: surgical repair of the bone 骨整形术，骨成形术 --plegia

《 stroke; paralysis 中风 thermoplegia: heat or sunsrtoke 热射病 -pnea

breathing eupnea: normal breathing 呼吸正常，平静呼吸 --ptosis

a falling, the dropping or sagging of an organ 器官下移 hepatoptosis: abnormally low position of the liver 肝下垂 -ptysis

spitting 分散 } melanoptysis: spitting of the spleen 黑色痰液;咳黑痰 -poiesis

production hemopoiesis: production of blood cells 造血作用，生血作用 -rrhage/

-rrhagia

bursting forth of blood 出血 menorrhagia: very heavy bleeding during menstruation 月经过多 -rrhaphy

surgical sewing or suturing ~ splenorrhaphy: suture of the spleen 脾修补术 -rrhea

overflow hydrorrhea: watery discharge 液溢 -(o)rrhexis

splitting or rupture 撕裂，破裂，疝气 amniorrhexis: rupture of the amniotic ac 羊膜破裂 -sarcoma

malignant tumor developing from connective tissue | liposarcoma: malignant tumor containing fat 脂肪肉瘤 -schesis

a holding back; suppression of discharge 阻碍；抑制排放 uroschesis: suppression of urine 闭尿，尿潴留 -sclerosis

a hardening dermatosclerosis: hardening of the skin 硬皮病 -scope

instrument for viewing ! stethoscope: an instrument for performing medicate ausculation 听诊器 -scopy

process of examining visually hepatoscopy: examination of the liver 肝检查 -spasm

involuntary contraction angiospasm: sudden contraction of the muscles in a blood vessel 血管痉挛 -stasis

suppression; stoppage; control; arrest 抑制，中止 hemostasis: the arrest of bleeding . 止血，止血法 -stenosis

abnormal narrowing of a duct or canal 管、道德异常狭窄 laryngostenosis: abnormal narrowing of the larynx 喉狭窄 -stomy

surgical opening to the outside of the body 造口 colostomy: surgical operation to make an opening from the colon 结肠造口术 -tention

pressure hypertention: high blood pressure 高血压 …

-therapy

treatment physiotherapy: treatment of disease by physical means 物理疗法 --tion process hospitalization: the process of being hosipitalized

住院

-tocia

labor; birth 生产 embryotocia: abortion 流产 -tome

！ tool for incision arthrotome: instrument for cutting a joint 关节刀 -tomy

process of cutting into gastrotomy: incision of the stomach 胃切开术 -tropia

turning 转弯，变向 esotropia: turning inward of the eye 内斜视 -trophy nourishment or development of an

organ 器官的营养、发育

： dystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition or metabolism 营养不良

-uria a condition of the urine （小便） dysuria: difficultly in passing urine 排尿困难 -version turning eversion: a turning outward 外翻，翻转 Here is a table of the most commonly used prefixes

Prefix Meaning

! Example

a-/an- without; not aphasia: the inability to understand written or spoken words or to speak meaningfully 失语症 ab-

away from abortion: expulsion from the uterus 流产 ad-

to; toward; near adnasal: near the nose 近鼻的 &

acro-

a point or tip acronyx: growing into the flesh 嵌甲 alb-

white albino: a person lacking normal pigmentation 白发病者 amb-/

ambi-

both ambisexual 、bisexual: (person) who is sexually attracted to both males and famales 双性恋 ；

amphi-/

ampho-

both; both sides amphicentric: beginning and ending in the same vessel 起止同源的血管 ana- up; back again anabolism: process of building up complex

chemical substances on the basis of simpler ones

合成代谢

Angio- a blood vessel angioma: benign tumor formed of blood vessel 血

管瘤

— ante- before antenatal: during the period between conception

and childbirth 出生前的，怀孕期的

anti- against antidepressant: (drug) used to treat depression 抗

抑郁剂

audi- hearing; sound audiometry: science of testing hearing 听力测定

auto- — self autoantibody: antibody formed to attack the

body’s own cells 自身抗体

bi- two; twice bicellular: two cells 两室的

bio- living organisms 生命体 biochemistry: chemistry living tissues 生物化学

brady- slow /

bradycardia: slow rate of heart contraction,

shown by a slow pulse rate 心动过缓

carcin- carcinoma or cancer 癌；瘤

carcinogen: a cancer-causing substance 致癌物

cata-downwards; under; against;

along with cataract: condition where the lens of the eye gradually becomes hard and opaque白内障

centi-one hundredth百分之一！

centimeter: unit of measurement of length(=one

hundredth of a meter)厘米

co(n)-with or together consanguineous: blood relationship血亲的，血缘

的，密切的

contra-against contraception: prevention of pregnancy by using

devices or drugs 避孕法，节育法

de-removal or loss decaffeinated: (coffee) with the caffeine removed

脱去咖啡因的

&

deca-

ten decagram: ten grams 十克

deci-tenth deciliter: unit of measurement of liquid(=one

tenth of a little)1/10公升

di-two diglossia: a double tongue使用两种语言

dia-【

through; between; apart; across diathermy: process of (treating) through heat 透热疗法

dis-reversal or separate disintegrate: to come to pieces分解，破裂

dys-bad; difficult; disordered dysarthrosis: deformity or malformation of a joint

关节变形

echo-、

sound echocardiography: ultrasonography of the heart 心回波描记，超声心动描记术

ect-/ ecto-outside or outer ecchondroma: benign tumor on the surface of

cartilage or bone外生软骨瘤

en-in; within enostosis: benign growth inside a bone内生骨疣

endo-、

inside endocardium: membrane which lines the heart心内膜

epi-on; over epidermis: outer layer of skin表皮

ery-red erythrocyte: mature non-nucleated red blood cell

红细胞

eso-inward; within(向内)—

esotropia: turning inward of the eye内斜视

eu-good eugenics: study of how to improve the human

race by genetic selection优生学

ex-/ exo-out of exhale: to breath out 呼出

extra-outside extracapsular: outside a capsule囊外的

$ hemi-half hemiplegia: severe paralysis affecting one side of

the body 偏瘫,半身麻痹,半身不遂

hydro-water hydrocele: collection of watery liquid found in a

cavity such as the scrotum阴囊积水

hyper-higher or too much hyperglycaemia: excess of glucose in the blood高

血糖症

hypo-￥hypokalaemia: deficiency of potassium in the

less or too little blood 低血钾 in-

in or into inbreeding: breeding between a closely related male and female 近亲交配 in-

not incoherent: not able to speak in a way which makes sense 语无伦次 infra-

below or beneath ' infrapatellar: below or beneath the patella 髌 inter-

between interlobular: between lobules 小叶间的 intra-

inside intramedullary: inside the bone marrow or spinal cord 髓内 itro-

into introvert: person who thinks only about himself and his own mental state 性格内向的人 \ mal- bad or abnormal

malfunction: abnormal working of an argan 机器等运转失常；失灵；出现故障 meta- changes

metaplasia: change of one tissue to another 化生，转化，组织变形 micro- very small

microcyte: abnormally small red blood cell 小红细胞 \ mid- middle

midcarpal: between the two rows of carpal bones 腕骨间的 milli- one thousandth

milligram: unit of measurement of weight 毫克 mis- error or wrong

miscarriage: spontaneous abortion 流产 multi- |

many

multigravida: a woman who is pregnant and has been pregnant at least twice before 经产孕妇 noct- at night

nocturia: passing abnormally large quantity of urine when asleep in bed at night 夜尿症 nona- nine or the nineth

nonagon: flat shape which has nine sides 九边形 octa- eight .

octan: every eight days 八日热；每隔八日发一次

的

odont-

teeth odontology: study of teeth and associated

structures, and their disorders onco-

tumours oncology: scientific study of new gowths 肿瘤学 oro- mouth orolingual: pertaining to the mouth and tongue 口

与舌的

pachy- thickening pachysomia: condition where soft tissues of the body become abnormally thick 躯体肥厚 pali-/ palin- against; pathologic repetition 病态的重复 palindromic: (disease) which recurs

复发的，再发的

pan-/pant-/ panto- all pancytopenia: abnormal depression of all the cellular elements of the blodd 全血细胞减少症 para- similar to or near; changed or beyond paralyse or paralyze: to weaken (muscles) so that

they cannot function 使麻痹，使瘫痪

pen-/ five pentosuria: excretion of pentoses in the urine

penta-

戊糖尿 ！

per-

through percutaneous: done or administered through the skin 经皮的，由皮的 peri-

around pericystitis: inflammation of tissue around the bladder 膀胱周炎 pero- deformed or defective 畸形有缺陷的 peromelia: congenital deformity of the limbs 四肢不全 (

pharmaco-

drugs pharmacology: study of drugs or medicines, and their action, properties and characteristics 药理学，药物学 pleo-/

pleio-

too many pleokaryocyte: condition where a greater than normal number of cells in cerebrospinal fluid 多核细胞 pluri-

more pluriglandular: pertaining to or affecting several glands 多线性的 #

pneum-/

pneunmo-

air or the lungs; breathing pneumonia: inflammation of a lung 肺炎 poly-

touching many organs polyphagia: condition where a patient eats too much; morbid desire for every king of food 多食症，杂食症 post-

after or later postprandial: after a meal 餐后的 pre-

before of in front of premature: early or before the normal time 过早的，早产 presby-

old age presbyopia: an old person’s sight fails gradually 老花眼 pro-/

supin-/

pron-

before or in front of lying on the back bend forward prognosis: prediction of the outcome of a disease 预测；预后 quadri-/

quint-

four five/fifth quadruplet or quad: one of four babies born to a mother at the same time 四胞胎 radio-

ray or radiation radiotherapy: treating a disease by exposing the affected part to radioactive 放射疗法 semi-

half semiptosis: the downward sagging of half or part of an organ 轻度睑下垂 sub-

under submucous: under the mucous membrane 粘膜下层的；粘膜下的 super-

above; extremely superalbuminosis: abnormal increase of albumin 白蛋白过多 syn-

with; joint syndesmosis: joint where the ones are tightly linked by ligaments 韧带联合 supra-

above; over suprarenal: (situated) above a kidney 肾上腺 tachy-

fast tachycardia: rapid beating of the heart 心动过速 tetra- four tetracycline: antibiotic used to treat a wide range

of bacterial diseases 四环素

trans-across; through; beyond transmission: the transfer, as of a disease, from

one person to another 传染

tri-three tricephalus: a fetus with three heads 三头畸胎ultra-beyond; excess ultrasonics: the science dealing with ultrasonic

sound waves 超声波学

uni-one uniglandular: affecting only one gland 单腺的xen(o)-strange; foreign xenograft: a graft of tissue transplant between

animals of different species 异种移植物