非谓语动词学案 +答案

语法复习专题七——非谓语动词

一、 非谓语动词的分类

二、 非谓语动词的语法功能及时态、语态

三、非谓语动词的使用条件

一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）, 又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时，这些动词就充当了非谓语动词。

v-ed 过去分词

Ex. 1: 找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）。

1. Tom returned from the manager’s office, telling me that the boss wanted to see me at once.

2. The news meeting, to be held in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters.

3. I heard the girl singing in the classroom.

4. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.

5. To live is to struggle. (生活就是斗争。)

四、非谓语动词的用法

★非谓语三种基本形式表达的意义

?Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the park is beautiful. 主动,进行

?Please keep quiet in the reading room. 性质

?Founded in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the US. 被动,完成

?We see fallen leaves on the ground. 完成

?Dressed in red, she looks more beautiful. 状态

?We are invited to a party to be held next Friday. 将来

?We plant many trees to make our city green. 目的

表达意义：

动词-ing ：主动, 进行, 性质；

动词-ed ：被动, 完成, 状态；

to do：将来, 目的。

1、v-ing作非谓语动词

（1）作主语

Eg: Seeing is believing. Sending e-mail is increasingly popular.

Ex. 2: 请用v-ing作主语，把以下句子翻译成英文。

1）说太多会给你带来麻烦。

_____________________________________________________________________

2) 散步对老年人和年轻人来说都是一种好的运动形式。

_____________________________________________________________________ （2）作宾语

Eg: I couldn’t help crying when I heard the bad news.

★mind, suggest, delay, keep on, look forward to, enjoy, appreciate, imagine, practice, finish, succeed in, consider, can’t help, miss等动词用v-ing作宾语。

★在表示―需要‖ 的need, want和require等后用v-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义, 也可用不定式的被动式。

Eg: This car needs repairing. Or: This car needs to be repaired.

Ex. 3: 请把以下句子翻译成英文。

1）你介意独处吗？________________________________________________________

2）他没有马上把消息告诉她。

_____________________________________________________________________

3）这种食物要煮过才能吃。

_____________________________________________________________________ （3）作表语

Eg: The story is so moving. The book is very interesting.

Ex. 4: 请把以下句子翻译成英文。

1）这个问题真的很令人困惑。

______________________________________________________________________ 2）他的话很让人失望。

______________________________________________________________________ （4）作定语

Eg: China is a developing country.

The kite flying in the sky was made by him.

★位置：1）单个的动词的-ing形式做定语，常放在被修饰词前做前置定语。

如：a flying object

2）动词的-ing形式的短语做定语，常放在被修饰词后做后置定语。如:

an object flying in the air

★如果-ing形式与被修饰词是被动关系，就用它的被动式，即being done, 通常表示正在被做，常做后置定语。

如：the tall building being built now 正在被建的高楼

Ex. 5: 请用v-ing作定语，把以下句子翻译成英文。

1）这片正被破坏的森林曾经是很迷人的。

_____________________________________________________________________

2) 在一中学习的学生数量大约为8000人。

_____________________________________________________________________

3) 这是一部让人感动的电影。

_____________________________________________________________________ （5）v-ing作状语

1）v-ing短语在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式或伴随动作等。

★表时间

Eg: Turning around, she saw a police car driving up.

Looking out of the window, I saw some children playing football.

(When) hearing the news, he couldn’t help laughing.

★表原因

Eg: Being poor, he couldn’t go to school.

Seeing nobody at home, he left them a note.

Not knowing his telephone number, I couldn’t get in touch with him.

★表方式或伴随

Eg: She stood, waiting for a bus.

He sat there, reading a book.

The students ran out of the classroom, talking and laughing.

★表结果

Eg: The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.

Her husband died, leaving her four children.

They fired, killing many people in the street.

★表条件

Eg: Using your head, yo u’ll find a good way.

Working hard, you’ll surely succeed.

2）当v-ing形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，应使用完成式：having done Eg: Having finished his homework, he rushed out to play basketball.

Ex. 6: 用所给词的适当形式填空。

1) ____________ (not know) much French, they couldn’t make th emselves understood when they were in Paris.

2) ________________ (finish) all work, they went home.

3) Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _____ (say) nothing about the argument.

4) ___________ (gather) around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.

5) _______ (look) at my classmates’ faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.

6) It rained heavily in the south, _____ (cause) serious flooding in several provinces.

（6）v-ing作宾补

★have, leave, keep, see, watch, hear, find, notice, feel, catch等动词及with介词后可用v-ing形式作宾补。

Eg: Can you hear a girl singing an English song in the next room now?

With his mother helping him, he is getting on well with his work.

2、v-ed作非谓语动词

(1) 作表语

Eg: We were so bored that we couldn’t help yawning.

She felt confused, and even frightened.

Ex. 7: 用括号内的词的适当形式填空。

1) I’m _______________ (satisfy) with your answer.

2) He is not___________________ (interest) in research.

(2) 作定语

Eg: She has a pleased look on her face.

The teacher gave us a satisfied smile.

cooked food 熟食；成品 a written report 书面报告；报告书

fried eggs煎鸡蛋；炒蛋boiled water 开水；白开水

frozen food 速冻食品armed forces武装部队；武装力量

required courses 必修课fallen leaves 落叶

finished products 成品 a forced smile 苦笑

Ex. 8: 用括号内词的适当形式填空。

1) What’s the language__________ (speak) in that country?

2) They’re problems___________ (leave) over by history.

3) The play_____________ (put on) by the teachers was a big success.

4) Is there anybody_________ (injury)?

(3) 作状语

Eg: Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.

They came in, followed by some children.

Ex. 9: 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。

1) ___________ (give) good health, I hope to finish the work this year.

2) _____________ (depress), he went to see his elder sister.

3) When ____________(treat) with kindness, he was very amiable.

(4) 作宾补

1）在感官动词后面做宾补

常用的感官动词包括：see, notice, watch, hear, listen to, feel, find 等。

Eg: I can smell something burnt.

2）在使役动词后面做宾补

常用的使役动词有：have, get, make, leave等。

Eg: She had her eyes examined yesterday.

3）在with/ without结构中

Eg：With so much work unfinished, I can’t leave now.

4）在某些动词之后，相当于省略了to be。

常见的动词有：want, would like, prefer等。

Eg: The manager wanted the work (to be) finished by 3:00

Ex. 10: 用括号里单词的适当形式填空。

1) I will have the clothes __________ (wash) tomorrow.

2) When they get back home, they found the room _________ (rob).

3) He would like the water _________ (boil) before drinking.

4) I saw a boy ___________ (knock) down by a car just now.

5) He shouted to make himself ________ (hear).

6) Without enough money __________ (leave), he can’t go on with his experiment.

3、to do作非谓语动词

(1) 不定式作补语

动词+宾语+不定式的结构

advise allow cause challenge command compel drive enable encourage forbid force impel induce instruct invite like/ love order permit

make let have want get warn

persuade request send tell train urge

Eg: Father will not allow us to play on the street.

The officer ordered his men to fire.

★注意：有些动词如make，have，get，want等可用不定式作做宾补，也可用分词作宾补。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。

(2) 不定式作主语

不定式作主语，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。

Eg: It's so nice to hear your voice.

It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.

It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.

★It's for sb.和It's of sb.

这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for 或of的区别。

1）for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等。

Eg: It's very hard for him to study two languages.

2）of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格、品德、心智能力、主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。

Eg: It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。

(3) 不定式作表语

不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。

Eg: My work is to clean the room every day.

His dream is to be a doctor.

(4) 不定式作定语

不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。

Eg: I have a lot of work to do.

There was nothing to bring home that morning.

(5) 不定式作状语

1）目的状语

常用结构为to do , only to do (仅仅为了), in order to do, so as to do, so (such) … as to … (如此…以便…)。

Eg: He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.

I come here only to say good-bye to you.

2）作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。

Eg: I awoke to find my truck gone.

He searched the room only to find nothing.

3）表原因

Eg: I'm glad to see you.

She wept to see the sight.

4）表示理由和条件

Eg: He must be a fool to say so.

You will do well to speak more carefully.

(6) 省去to 的动词不定式

1）情态动词（除ought外）后。

2）使役动词let, have, make后，感官动词see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后。

★注意：被动语态中不能省去to。

I saw him dance.

= He was seen to dance.

The boss made them work the whole night.

= They were made to work the whole night.

3）would rather, had better句型后

4）Why don’t you ... /Why not ...句型后

Why not try once more? 何不再试一下?

5）help 后可带to，也可不带to, 如：help sb (to) do sth.

6）but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。

比较：He wants to do nothing but go out.

He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.

7）由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去。

8）通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时，可以省去to be。

Eg: He is supposed (to be) nice.

(7) 不定式的特殊句型too … to …

too … to太…以至于…

Eg: He is too excited to speak.

(8) 不定式的特殊句型so as to

否定式是so as not to do

Eg: Get up early so as to catch the bus.

Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.

五、v-ing 和v-ed的区别

1、作定语

a developed country / a developing country

a student playing with knife

people fighting against wars

a soldier wounded by knife

a road covered with snow

★v-ing 表示动作正在进行或者是主动关系。

v-ed表示已经发生的或者被动关系。

2、作状语

Seeing from the hill, you can get the whole town.

Hearing the good news, we all jumped up with joy.

Seen from the hill, the whole town looks beautiful.

Given more time, we could finish the job.

★v-ing用作状语时, 和主句的主语构成主动关系。

v-ed用作状语时, 和主句的主语构成被动关系。

3、作宾补

They kept me waiting for a long time.

He watched the cars coming and going.

Mr. Li has Jim standing outside the door.

I had my MP3 repaired last week.

We heard this song sung in English.

No matter how I try, I just can’t make myself understood by the foreigner.

★v-ing用作宾补时, 和句子中的宾语构成主动关系，说明宾语一直在做或正在做某事。

v-ed用作宾补时, 和句子中的宾语构成被动关系，说明宾语的情况。

六、非谓语动词的结题步骤（三大步骤）

1. 判断用谓语/非谓语

谓语：一般形式(根据一般的时态、语态变化)

非谓语：doing/ done/ to do

2. 找出逻辑主语

3. 选择非谓语动词的形式(表达意义)：v-ing, v-ed, to do

★Step 1是否使用非谓语

Ex. 11: 先判断一下句子是否有非谓语动词，再用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

1）______ ( study) hard, you will pass the final exam.

2) She got off the bus and ______ (head) for home.

3) I think I _____ (be) not strict enough with you.

4) Look! The girl ________ (sing) is Alice and the one who___________ (dance) is Mary. 小结：一个句子当中，已经存在谓语动词, 没有从句，又没有连词的情况，那就要非谓语动词。

Ex. 12：用turn的正确形式填空。

1）If you ______ to the left, you'll find the post office.

2）______ to the left, and you'll find the post office.

3) ________ to the left, you'll find the post office.

★Step 2 找逻辑主语

Ex. 13: 观察以下句子，然后填空。

1) He sat at the desk, writing a letter.

2) Taken good care of, the trees will grow up quickly.

3) He sent me an E-mail, hoping to get further information.

以上的非谓语动词在句子中充当的成分是________，它们的逻辑主语是__________________。

4) The school built 10 years ago is Xiyi Middle school .

5) Tell the children playing there not to make so much noise.

6) I’m calling to ask about the position advertised in China Daily.

以上的非谓语动词在句子中充当的成分是________，它们的逻辑主语是__________________。

7) I found them painting the windows.

8) I found the windows painted.

9) With his friend helping him，he finished his work quickly.

以上的非谓语动词在句子中充当的成分是________，它们的逻辑主语是__________________。

★Step 3 选择非谓语动词的形式

Ex. 14：用适当的非谓语动词形式填空。

1）T hey went to Shanghai, with their son ______ (leave) to his grandparents.

2）T hey are busy, __________ (prepare) files wanted in the interview.

七、独立主格结构

独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结

构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。

★独立主格结构的功能和用法

（1）名词/代词+现在分词

Eg: Winter coming, it gets colder and colder.

The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.

（2）名词/代词+过去分词

Eg: This done, we went home.

Homework finished, the boy went out to play.

（3）名词/代词+不定式

Eg: Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.

The two boys said goodbye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to his

friend’s.

（4）名词/代词+形容词

Eg: An air accident happened to the lane, nobody alive.

So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off.

（5）名词(代词)+副词

Eg: The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room.

The lights off, we could not go on with the work.

（6）名词/代词+介词短语

Eg: Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door.

★小结：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

2）两部分之间没有连接词连接。独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。Ex. 15: 选择合适的选项。

（1）Not far from the school there was a garden, _________ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.

A. its

B. whose

C. which

D. that

（2）He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ translated into foreign languages.

A. it

B. them

C. which

D. that

（3）He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.

A. it

B. them

C. which

D. that

非谓语动词综合练习

一、语篇练习

My sister, Paula, and her husband, Chris, had just finished 1________ (tuck) their young ones into bed one evening when they heard crying 2 ________ (come) from the children’s room. 3 ________ (rush) in, they found Tommy 4 _______ (cry) hysterically (歇斯底里地).

He had accidentally swallowed a 5p piece and was sure he was going to die. No amount of 5 _______ (talk) could change his mind. Trying to calm him, Chris palmed a 5p coin that he happened to have in his pocket and pretended 6 ________ (remove) it from Tommy’s ear. Tommy, natura lly, was 7 _________ (delight). In a flash, he snatched it from his father’s hand, 8 ________ it and demanded cheerfully—―Do it again, Dad!‖

二、写作运用

把普通的句子变成高级的非谓语。

1．He is standing there and he is singing.

He is standing there, ____________________.

2．Mary finished her homework and then she went out to play.

___________________________, Mary went out to play.

3．The teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by a group of students.

The teacher entered the classroom, ____________________________________. 4．I’m afraid of being laughed at. I usually keep silent when I meet foreigners.

（请用非谓语动词的形式，把以上两个句子合并为一个句子）

_____________________________________________________________________

三、请用以下动词的适当形式填空

1. The sun was setting when my car ______ (break) down near a remote and poor village. （2007年广东）

2. While she was getting me _________ (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. （2007年广东）

3. She wished that he was as easy _________ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume. （2009年广东）

4. He spit it out, ___________ (say) it was awful. （2010年广东）

5. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man________ (sit) at the front. （2011年广东）

6. He suddenly appeared in class one day, ________(wear) sun glasses. （2012年广东）

7. Suddenly, he ______ (find) that he had run out of salt. (2013年广东)

8. In the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always _______ (think) that it was only small and not very important. （2013年广东）

9. _____________ (suffer) such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.

10. I really appreciate ______________ (have) time to relax with you on this nice island.

11. _______________ (knock) at the door before entering, please.

12. Sandy could do nothing but ____________ (admit) to his teacher that he was wrong.

13. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ________________ (set up) some schools for poor children.

14. ______________ (suffer) from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.

15. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state–run companies are striving ______________ (make) their products more competitive.

16. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _______ (wait) for another hour.

17. When _______________ (complete), the museum will be open to the public next year.

18. With a lot of difficult problems ___________ (settle), the newly–elected president is having a hard time.

19. Having a trip abroad is certainly for the old couple, but it remains _________ (see) whether they will enjoy it.

20. Prices of daily goods ____________ (buy) through a computer can be lower than store prices.

21. — Why did you go back to the shop?

— I left my friend ____________ (wait) there.

22. The manager, _________ (know) his factory’s products were poor in quality, decided to

give his workers further training.

23. Mr. Smith, __________ (tired) of the _________ (bore) speech, started to read a novel.

24. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ___________ (smoke) in the kitchen.

25. The teacher asked us ______________ (not make) so much noise.

26. ______________ (give) time, he’ll make a first–class tennis player.

27. He looked around and caught a man ___________ (put) his hand into the pocket of a passenger.

28. I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything __________ (buy)?

29. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _________ (seat) as the plane was making a landing.

30. ___________ (face) with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.

31. The storm left, _________ (cause) a lot of damage to this area.

32. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered ____________ (arrive) at the party, but not _________ (leave).

33. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______________ (go on).

34. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it ___________ (explain) often enough.

35. __________ (put) into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.

36. With no rain for three months and food supplies _________ (run) out, the situation here is getting from bad to worse.

37. A remote–controlled bomb exploded outside a hotel yesterday, _______________ (injure) at least 12 people.

38. —What’s the matter with Tim?

—Oh. Tim’s cell phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never ___________ (find) again.

39. Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _______________ (finish), we refused the offer.

40. The man opened his eyes and moved his lips, as if _______________ (say) that he had something to tell the doctor.

41. Though ______________ (lack) natural resources, the area is well developed.

42. It is silly of me ___________ (put) all eggs in one basket. That was the worst mistake I’ve ever made.

43. My job was to wash bottles, which would then be filled with wine, or ____________ (put) the filled bottles in boxes.

非谓语动词练习答案

Ex. 1：1. telling 2. to be held 3. singing 4. talking with 5. to live, to struggle Ex. 2：1) Talking too much will bring you trouble.

2) Walking is a good form of exercise for both the old and the young.

Ex. 3：1) Do you mind being alone? 2) He delayed telling her the news.

3) Before eating, this kind of food needs cooking.

Ex. 4：1) This question is really puzzling. 2) His words are quite disappointing. Ex. 5：1) The forest being destroyed used to be very fascinating.

2) The number of students studying in No.1 Middle School is about 8000.

3) This is a moving movie.

Ex. 6：1) Not knowing 2) Having finished 3) saying

4) Gathering 5) Looking 6) causing

Ex. 7：1) satisfied 2) interested

Ex. 8：1) spoken 2) left 3) put on 4) injured

Ex. 9：1) Given 2) Depressed 3) treated

Ex. 10：1) washed 2) robbed 3) boiled 4) knocked 5) heard 6) left Ex. 11：1) Studying 2) headed 3) am 4) singing, is dancing

Ex. 12：1) turn 2) Turn 3) Turning

Ex.13：状语，句子的主语；定语，所修饰的词；宾补，所在结构的宾语

Ex. 14：1) left 2) preparing

Ex. 15：(1) A (2)B (3)C

非谓语动词综合练习

一、语篇练习

1. tucking

2. coming

3. Rushing

4. crying

5. talking

6. to remove

7. delighted

8. swallowed

二、写作运用

1. singing

2. Having finished her homework

3. followed by a group of students

4. Being afraid of being laughed at, I usually keep silent when meeting foreigners.

三、请用以下动词的适当形式填空。

1. broke

2. settled

3. to please

4. saying

5. sitting

6. wearing

7. found

8. thinking

9. Having suffered 10. having 11. Knock 12. admit 13.setting up 14. Having suffered 15. to make 16. waiting 17. completed 18. to settle 19. to be seen20. bought 21. waiting 22. knowing

23. tired, boring 24. smoking 25. not to make 26. Given 27. putting

28. to buy 29. seated 30. Faced 31. causing 32. arriving, leaving 33. going on 34. explained 35. Put 36. running 37. injuring

38. to be found 39. not finished 40. to say 41. lacking 42. to put 43. to put