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V01.14No.4Trans.NonferrousMet.Soc.ChinaAug.2004ArticleID:1003—6326(2004)04—0807—04

Intelligenttemperaturecontrolsystemofquenchfurnace①

HUYan—yu(胡燕瑜)1,GUIWei—hua(桂卫华)1,TANGZhao—hui(JNiNN)1,TANGLing(f蕾玲)2(1.SchoolofInformationScienceandEngineering,CentralsouthUniversity,Changsha410083,China;

2.InstitutionofProduceCommodityQualitySupervisionandTesting,Changsha410087,China)

Abstract:Afuzzy-neuralnetworksintelligenttemperaturecontrolsystemofquenchfurnacewaspresented.Com—binedgeneticalgorithmwithback—propagationalgorithm,theweightvaluesofneuralnetworks,parametersoffuzzymembershipfunctionsandinferencerulescanbeadjustedautomatically,whichrealizestheoptimalcontroloftern—perature.Theresultsshowthatthiscontr01systemcanruneffectivelywithsatisfiedtemperatureprecision:in

tern—peratureuprisingstage,overshot

oftemperatureisunder4℃;instablestage,thescopeoftemperaturechangeiscontrolledwithin士2℃,whichmeetstheneedofcontrolveracityoftemperature.

Keywords:fuzzy-neuralnetworks;MIMOsystem;geneticalgorithm

CLCnumber:TP183Documentcode:A

lINTRoDUCTIoN

Quenchfurnaceisakindofkeyequipment

usedtoheattreatlargecomplexcomponentsofair—

craftsorrockets,withheightof24m,containing

twoheatingroomsandaworkroom,withsteel

boardssetbetweentherooms.Bothheatingrooms

areseparatedintosixsections,eachofwhichcon—

tainsaheatingresistancecontrolledbyapowerad—

juster.Workpiecesareputinworkroom.Acen—

trifugalelectromotorisusedtoblowhotairinto

workroomfromheatingroom.Thedemandofal—

loyintemperature—risingrateandstableveracityat

fixedtemperaturepointishigh,risingtimeneeds

tobeshort,overshoottemperatureshouldkeep

under6℃,atthestablestage,thescopeoftem—

peraturechangeisnotmorethan土3℃.These

twofactorsaffectthestructureandqualityof

workpieces,especiallythelatter.Thestructureof

thequenchfurnaceisshowninFig.1.

Temperaturecontrolsystemofquenchfurnace

isnonlinear,strong—coupling,time—varymg,long—

timedelay,whichmakesconstructionofaccuracy

systemmodelimpossible.Mathematicalmodelwas

discussedinRef.[1],temperaturepredictionwas

givenbytheacquiredmathematicmodelinRef.

[2],becausetheexistenceofundeterminablefac—

tors,theveracityofmodelandpredictionwere

constrained.Multi—sectiontemperaturecontrolwas

discussedinRef.E3],whichwasalsobasedonme—

chanicmathematicalmodel.

Whenthesystemmodeliscomplicatedorhard

toconstruct'engineersexpertknowledgeandmethods,suchasfuzzyoftendescribetheplantby

controlitbyintelligent

orexpert

method.Iffuzzy

1\//////5

2~么厂\/,K

/6

差\

/薹

——

/8

,9

3~

r]

§

4一一——

么至

7董

厂]至

V//////A

Fig.1

Structureofquenchfurnace

1一shell:2一Steelboard;3--Thermocouplein

heatingroom;4--Thermocoupleinworkroom;

5--Directionofwind;6一Heatingroom;7~Workroom;

8--Heatingresistance;9--Eleetromotor

controlischosen,theknowledgebase,rulebase,

type

ofmembershipfunctions,defuzzification

methodsandsoon,willallaffectthecontrol

effect.

2FUZZY—NEURoSTRUCTUREoFCoNTRoL

SYSTEM

Manyresearchresultshavebeenacquiredin

generatingfuzzyrulesandadjustingfuzzymember

functionsbyneuralnetworksorgeneticalgo—

rithmsc4—8|。thecombinationofneuralnetworksand

fuzzyinferencehastheadvantagesofself—learning

andinference.Ithasbeenwidelyappliedinsolving

engineeringproblems[9—11|.

Amongtheseresearches,mostofthemare

simpleinputandsimpleoutputsystem(SISO)Is-7],

ormulti—inputandsimpleoutputsystem

①FoundationitemlProject(2002CB312200)supportedbytheNationalBasicResearchProgramofChina

Receiveddate:2003一10—30lAccepteddate:2004—02—10

CorrespondencetHUYan-yu,PhDcandidate,Tel:-I-86—731—8876262;E-mail:resun_O@163.com

.808.Trans.NonferrousMet.Soc.ChinaAug.2004_[4'8t9’12’131.thenregardingthemulti—inputand

multi—outputsystem(MIMo)asthecombinationof

MISOsystem。inthemeantime,numberofthe

membershipfunctionsofinputandoutputisregar—

dedtobesimilar.Researchonabstractingrulesby

GAcanbefoundinRefs.E6,141,butonlyMISO

systemwasdiscussed.Inthispaper,MIMOfuzzy-

neurosystemwithdifferentsemantictermisdis—

cussed,GAoptimalmethodisalsoemployedtoat—

taingeneralMIM0method,eventually,thismeth-

odisusedintemperaturecontrolofquenchfur-

naCe.

2.1

MIMO

fuzzy-neurosystem

Supposecontrolsystemhasminputsand咒

outputs,eachinputhasSf(i一1,2,…,仇)member—shipfunctions,eachoutputhasTjmembershipfunction(J=1,2,…,咒),thenthetotalruleisq一ⅡSi(1)i=1

Eqn.(1)showsthattherulenumberincreasesinindexlawwiththevariablesandthemembershipfunctionsofvariables.Structureoffuzzy—neurosystemisshowninFig.2.

Yn

x1bLayer5

H“5)

Layer4

H一4)

matrixisrepresentedby∥孙,numberofrowand

lineisidentical,soitisadiagonalmatrix.

W(2)。

'.,(3)一

all

O1

1O

O1

口棚m

0…01

Thethirdlayerdescribestheantecedentpartofrules.Atthebeginning,neuronnodenumberis

themaximumrules,theweightsmatrixofneural

networksw(3’isusedtodescribetheantecedent

part,eachrowofthematrixrepresentstheante—

cedentofarule.theelementsofmatrixconsistof1

and0,where‘1’denotesthatthecorresDondent

antecedentexists,‘0’isontheversus。thetotal

numberof1islessthan7n.Thenodefunctioncal—

culatesthefiringstrength,multipliermethodisa—

dopted,sothejthoutputnodehasthefollowing

form:

Therowandlineofweightmatrixw‘3’IIS;

i=1

Layer3”

讯3)and∑Si,respectively,theelements1inthefirst

Layer2

H“2)

Layerl

wO)

Fig.2Structureoffuzzy-neurosystem

Thefirstlayerisinputlayerwhichiscrisp,thenodefunctionsperformthetransferofinputtothenext1ayer,equationsbetweentheinputsandtheoutputscanbewrittenas

qfl)一∞譬’z:D—wn’z;”

Thesecondlayerperformsfuzzificationofthe

inputvariables,theneuronnodefunctionstransferthecrispinputintosemanticterm。iftheGaussac—

tivationfunctionisemployed,wehavethefollow—ingequation:

q2,一Hi—exp[一(挚)z]孝)-掣,

“ii

(2)wheretheweightsandbiasesofneuralnetworksrepresent

thewidths(n』f)andthemeans(Cji)ofinputmembershipfunctionsrespectively.Numberofneuronsatthislayerisn2=∑Sf.Weights

i雀1rowandthesecondcolumn,thefirstrowandthelastcolumnrepresentthefollowingantecedent:ru[e2:IFx1ISP12AND…ANDx。IS弘。MTHEN…

Theothersrepresenttheantecedentofrulesinthesimilarmanner.

Thefourthlayerconsistsofoutputs.Neuron

outputinthislayeristhesumoffiringstrengthofruleswithsimilarconsequence,thenumberofneu一

ronisn4一yTj,and丁iisthenumberofmem一篇。

bershipfunctionofjthoutput.Weightmatrixcanbeadjustedinthetrainingprocess,everyelement

inwhichconsistsof0or1,eachrow

representstheoutputmembershipfunctiontermintheconse—quencepartofarulewhichisdefinedbycolumn

number.Sincethere

are72outputs,nseparateblockmatrixexistsrepresentingeveryoutput.

ROWofeachblockmatrixisL,columnis口s{,

i=1

theformofwhichissimilartothe

W(2),onlythenumberofrowandcolumnandthenumberof1inthemisdifferent.Forexample,positionof1inthefirstrowandthesecondcolumnofithblockmatrixrowshowthatthesecondrulehastheithmember—shipfunctiontermintheconsequencepart,asin

一2

一吼o

S”

。Ⅱ㈦o

“q

\,

,L

V01.14№.4Intelligenttemperaturecontrolsystemofquenchfurnace?809?

thefollowing:

R2:IF…THEN…YiIST_

Several‘1’mayexistineachrowofw‘”be—

causeconsequenceofseveralrulesmayhavesimilar

outputsemanticterm,however,arulecanhave

onlyoneoutputterm,numberof1inacolumnis

notmorethan

w“’一[硼1

r0

one,then

w2|¨?1w。

…1

w‘4’isas

|¨?l叫。]T

驴雌0?.0000。卜2,…川

毗一||o‘.1严l'Z,…川

Thefifthlayerisoutputlayer,defuzzificationisperformedinthislayer,ifcenterofgravitymethodisemployed,outputcanbewrittenas

3,l

2∑m刍站口,/∑懿a,(4)』=1J=1

wheremSand毽aremeanandwidthofthejthout—putmembershipfunctionfortheithsystemoutput.Weightmatrixissimilartothesecondlayer,rowandcolumnareequal,itconsistsofadiagonalmatrix.2.2Fuzzy-neurostructureofquenchfurnaceBecausethetwoheatingroomshavethesamestructure,hereonlyoneisdiscussed,thequench

furnacecanbetreated

asa6inputs

and3outputscontrolsystem.Theinputscontroltheonandofftimeoftheresistance,outputisthetemperatureofworkroom.Intheheatingroom,hotairrises,sothebottomresistanceneedstoproducemoreheattomaintaintheuniformityofthetemperatureintheworkingroom.Intheworkingroom,thehotairi8fromtoptobottom,10adingworkpiecesisthroughbottom,whichcausesthelowerpartwith10wtemperature.Inordertosimplifytheproblem,temperaturevaluemeasuredinupandmiddlepartisaveraged,treatedasoneoutput.

Thedifferenceoftemperature(e)andthechangeofdifference(Ae)aretreatedasfuzzy-neuroinputs,thedifferenceisdescribedby5se—manticterms,thechangeofdifferenceisdescribedby3semanticterms.Sothefuzzy—neuronetworkshas4nodesinthefirstlayer.16and225nodesinthesecondandthirdlayer,respectively.Liketheoutputoftemperature,thebottomheatingroomisdescribedby5,theothersused3topresent,sothefourthlayerandthefifthlayerhas20and6nodes,respectively,andthusthefuzzy-neuronet—worksisdetermined,theweightmatrixisadjustedbyGAandBP,opticalrealizationofthesystemareacquiredbytheopticalparameters.

3GAANDBPTRAININGALGoRITHMSInodertoacquireanoptimalfuzzy-neurostructureofthesystem,trainingisperformedbyexperimentdata,byadjustingtheparametersandrules.Beforetrainingprocess.theinitialparame—tersandrulesarechosenatrandomorbyexpertexperience.ThestructureframeisshowninFig.3.

Fig.3Structureofcontrolsystem

Fromtheaboveanalysis,weknowthatthefuzzyrulesaredefinedinlayers3and4.TheweightmatrixiscodedasthechromosomesofGA。whichhasthestructureasfollows:eachchromo—somehasnparts,eachpartiscalledasub—chromo—some,thenumberofgenesineachsub-chromo—someisthesumofrulesQ,theantecedentandconclusionmatrixisencodedbyaninteger,whichbelongtoasetG∈[o,1,…,t](‘『一1,2,…,Q).Intheinitialphase,thelengthofeach

partisequaltothenumberofmembershipfunction,thevalueofCidenotestherowpositionof1ineachcolumnoftheithconclusionblockmatrix:ifthereisnomembershipfunctionofcertainoutput,Cjiszero,thestructureofchromosomecanbedepictedinFig.4.

Fig.4

Formofchromosome

GAactsoneachsub-chromosometofindtheopti—

realfuzzyrules.Calculatingthesumofsquare

errorofdifferenceforeachindividualinthepopulation.sub—

tractingit

fromthelargest

errorvalueofthatgenera—tionmakesthefitnessfunctionofeachindividual。ifthereareenoughinput/outputexperimentdata,GAcanbeappliedtofindtheoptimalsetoffuzzyrules.Initializationcontentscontainthefollowing:numberofpopulation,timesofiteration,permittederrors,selec—tionprobability,crossprobability,mutationprobabili—tyandSOon,thechromosomesarechosenrandomlyatthebeginning,denotingtheweightmatrixoflayers3and4.

BecausetheinitialparametersofGaussfunc—

tionischosenatrandomorbyexpert

experience,BPalgorithmisemployedtooptimizetheweightmatrixparametersoflayers2and5.Theobject

functionistheminimumofsquare

errorsum.

1』L

E一专≥:(y^一y埘)2(5)

●E=1

Theoptimalweightsandthresholds

areattainedbyBPalgorithm,whicharetheoptimaImembershipfunctionparametersofinputsandoutputs.TwoinputsM噼havethesimilarparameters.andtheupper5out—

?810?

Trans.NonferrousMet.Soc.ChinaAug.2004

puts

havethesimilarMFparameters.

4RESULTS

Thetemperatureismeasuredevery400milli—second,averagevalueofevery5measurevaluesasonemeasurevalue,averagevalueofevery4meas—urevalueasonesamplevalue.Thesettemperaturevalueofupandmiddlepartinworkroomis470,468℃atbottompart,respectively.Sampleinter—nalis8s,thesampledataisalsothefeedbackvalueofcontrolsystem.InGA,initialpopulationis50,iterativetimesis200,permittederroris0.3℃,selectionprobabilityis0.5,crossprobabilityis0.3,mutationprobabilityis0.05,aftertheGAandBP,thedatainTables1and2areacquired.ExperimentshowsthatbettercontroIeffectisat—tainedbytheseparameters,thebiggestrelativeer—roris0.89%.

Table1MFParameterof3inputs

8AeClassClass

口fnCNB90182N3438

NS85262Z3868

Z71338P4298

PS58396

PB52445

Table2MFParametersof6outputsClass占mClass占mS0.240.32VS0.200.25

M0.160.68SO.13O.43

B0.220.87M0.140.56

B0.230.71

VBO.30O.86

5CoNCLUSIoNS

1)TheMIMOsystemmodelofquenchfur—naceisconstructedaccordingtothedemandoftemperature.Combininggeneticalgorithmwithback—propagationalgorithm,theweightvaluesofneuralnetworks,parametersoffuzzymembershipfunctionsandinferencerulesareadjustedautomat—icallytorealizetheoptimalcontroloftemperature.2)Thiscontr01systemcanruneffectivelvwithsatisfactorytemperatureprecision:inuprisingstage,overshotoftemperatureis3℃,instablestage,thescopeoftemperaturechangeiscon—trolledwithin±2℃.Ithasbeenusedinafactorysuccessfully.

[11

[23

[3]

[41

[51

[6]

[73

[8]

[91

[10]

[11]

[121

[13]

[14]

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(EditedbyLONGHuai—zhong)

Intelligent temperature control system of quench

furnace

作者:胡燕瑜, 桂卫华, 唐朝晖, 唐玲

作者单位:胡燕瑜,桂卫华,唐朝晖(School of Information Science and Engineering,Central south University,Changsha 410083,China), 唐玲(Institution of Produce Commodity

Quality Supervision and Testing,Changsha 410087,China)

刊名:

中国有色金属学会会刊(英文版)

英文刊名:TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA

年,卷(期):2004,14(4)

被引用次数:1次

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furnace

A fuzzy-neural networks intelligent temperature control system of quench furnace was presented. Combined genetic algorithm with back-propagation algorithm, the weight values of neural networks, parameters of fuzzy membership functions and inference rules can be adjusted automatically, which realizes the optimal control of temperature. The results show that this control system can run effectively with satisfied temperature precision; in temperature uprising stage, overshot of temperature is under 4 deg C ; in stable stage, the scope of temperature change is controlled within + - 2 deg C , which meets the need of control veracity of temperature.

2.外文会议Shuqing Wang.Hui Liu.Zipeng Zhang.Suyi Liu Research on the Intelligent Control Strategy

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It is difficult to gain better control performance using general control strategy to control Hydraulic turbine generating units system because it is a complicated non-linear MIMO system. In this study, a new control technique, which efficiently get optimal control parameters for fuzzy neural network controller through the training of neural network and Genetic algorithms, was proposed and then applied to control turbine generating unit system. In the designed control system, fuzzy reasoning rules, member function

error is less. The improved genetic algorithms, which overcomes general genetic algorithms' disadvantage, has quick training speed and gives whole optimized parameters for fuzzy neural network controller. RBF neural network is employed to identify and predict the relation between input and output of hydroelectric generating units system. Simulation experiment results show that the designed controller can control hydraulic turbine generating units efficaciously and has quick controlling speed and less controlling max-error. So it provides a good control strategy for hydraulic turbine generating units system.

引证文献(1条)

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