自考《马克思主义基本原理概论》模拟试题及答案

09年4月自考《马克思主义基本原理概论》模拟试题及答案(三)

一、单项选择题（本大题共40小题，第小题1分，共40分）在第小题列出的选项中只有一个选项是符合题目

要求的，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。

1、思维与存在的关系问题是（）

A.唯心主义哲学的基本问题

B.唯物主义哲学的基本问题

C.全部哲学的基本问题

D.一部分哲学的基本问题

2、物质的本质特性是（）

A.客观实在性

B.实物性

C.结构性

D.可分性

3、彻底的唯物主义一元论的根本要求是（）

A.认识世界多样性的统一

B.认识物质对意识的根源性

C.一切从实际出发

D.反对一切形式的二元论

4、“人不能两次踏进同一条河流"和“人一次也不能踏进同一条河流"这两种观点是（）

A.前者是辩证法，后者诡辨论

B.前者是形而上学，后者是辩证法

C.是相同的，只是强调的方面不同

D.二者都是辩证法，后者是对前者的发展

5、否定之否定规律揭示的事物发展的辩证内容是（）

A.自我发展、自我完善

B.事物发展的周期性、曲折性

C.既肯定又否定

D.既前进又倒退

6、唯物辩证法的根本方法是（）

A.观察实验方法

B.逻辑推理方法

C.矛盾分析法

D.归纳演绎方法

7、划分生产关系类型的基本标志是（）

A.产品的分配形式

B.生产资料的所有制形式

C.人们在生产中的地位

D.生产关系与生产力的矛盾性质

8、“谋事在人，成事在天"是（）的历史观

A.唯物主义

B.宿命论

C.唯意志论

D.循环论

9、“沉舟侧畔千帆过，病树前头万木春”；“芳林新叶催陈叶，流水前波让后波”。这两句诗句的哲学道理是

（）

A.矛盾是事物发展的动力

B.事物是本质和现象的统一

C.事物的发展是量变和质量的统一

D.新事物代替旧事物是事物发展的总趋势

10、人们先设计图纸，然后根据图纸施工建成大楼，这说明（）

A.意识决定物质

B.意识创造物质

C.意识对物质有能动作用

D.意识依赖于物质

11、任何科学理论都不能穷尽真理，而只能在实践中开辟认识真理的道路，这说明（）

A.真理具有客观性

B.真理具有绝对性

C.真理具有相对性

D.真理具有全面性

12、“手推磨产生的是封建主为首的社会，蒸汽磨产生的是工业资本家为首的社会。”这句话是说（）

A.生产关系对生产力的反作用

B.生产力直接决定生产关系

C.生产力决定生产关系

D.生产力同生产关系相适应

13、我国社会主义初级阶段实行公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度的理论依据是

（）

A.对立统一规律

B.唯物辩证法普遍联系的原理

C.上层建筑必须适合经济基础发展要求的规律

D.生产关系必须适合生产力性质的规律

14、现代科技日新月异，并取得了许多重大成果，这一切对马克思主义哲学的影响是（）

A.深化和拓展了马克思主义哲学宇宙观

B.使马克思主义哲学越来越不适应时代的要求

C.证明马克思主义哲学是绝对真理

D.对马克思主义哲学基本原理作出了否证

15.“马克思主义的最本质的东西，马克思主义的活的灵魂：具体地分析具体情况”。这就是要人们在实践中学

会运用（）

A.矛盾普遍性原理

B.运动、发展的原理

C.普遍联系的原理

D.矛盾特殊性原理

16、“一个志在有大成就的人，他必须如歌德所说，知道限制自己。反之，那些什么事都想做的人，其实什么

事都不能做，而终归于失败。”这段话告诉我们（）

A.要学会分清事物矛盾的性质

B.要懂得对事物进行矛盾分析

C.要学会解决不同矛盾用不同的方法

D.要抓住要矛盾，不要平均使用力量

17、在社会生活中，上层建筑对于社会发展的性质取决于（）

A.国家政权的阶级属性

B.社会意识形态的性质

C.它所服务的经济基础的性质

D.社会生产力的性质

18、宋代诗人陆游在一首诗中说；“纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事要躬行。这是强调（）

A读书不能获得真知B实践是认识发展的动力

C世界件是认识的来源D实践是认识的目的

19、生产关系范畴反映的是（）

A人与自然之间的关系B人与人之间的政治关系

C人与人之间的经济关系D人与人之间的思想关系

20、马克思的两个伟大理论发现是( )

A.辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义

B.阶级斗争和无产阶级专政学说

C.唯物史观和剩余价值学说

D.社会主义和共产主义

21、否认意识形式的主观性，把意识看成是人脑的分泌物，这是( )

A.机械唯物主义的观点

B.唯心主义的观点

C.辩证唯物主义的观点

D.庸俗唯物主义的观点

22、“拔苗助长”的事例是( )

A.重视可能性的表现

B.忽视可能性的表现

C.违反事物发展规律的表现

D.发挥主观能动性的表现

23、正确发挥主观能动性的前提是（）

A.个人积极性的充分调动

B.集体智慧的充分发挥

C.对客观规律的正确反映

D.对保守思想的克服

24、上层建筑的核心是( )

A.社会意识形态

B.政治法律思想

C.国家政权

D.政体

25、英雄史观的理论出发点是主张( )

A.人是社会历史的主体

B.人的意识对社会存在具有能动作用

C.社会意识决定社会存在

D.社会运动受偶然性支配

26、上层建筑对社会发展的作用性质取决于它( )

A．是否符合经济基础的要求B．所服务的经济基础的性质

C．是否推动经济基础的发展D．是否符合统治阶级的愿望

27、社会生产过程包括的环节是（）。

A、购买、生产和销售

B、生产、分配、交换和消费

C、循环、周转和社会资本再生产

D、危机、萧条、复苏和高涨

28、劳动生产率提高以后，在单位时间内生产的商品数量提高了，而从价值量考察则（）。

A、单位商品价值量降低，总的价值量提高

B、单位商品价值量不变，总的价值量提高

C、单位商品价值量降低，总的价值量不变

D、单位商品价值量不变，总的价值量不变

29、马克思说：“如果物没有用，那么其中包含的劳动也就没有用，不能算作劳动，因此不形成价值。”这句话表明（）。

A、只要物有使用价值也就有价值

B、使用价值是价值的物质承担者

C、使用价值与价值是不可分离的

D、价值是由使用价值决定的

30、劳动力商品与其他商品不同的最根本特征是（）。

A、劳动力存在于人的身体之内

B、劳动力在一定条件下可以转化为商品

C、劳动力使用价值是价值的源泉

D、劳动力价值受历史道德因素影响

31、在资本主义生产过程中，生产资料的价值（）。

A、随着生产耗费而逐渐消失

B、能够发生价值增殖

C、借助具体劳动转移到产品中去

D、借助抽象劳动而再生产出来

32、相对剩余价值的获得是（）。

A、个别企业提高劳动生产率的结果

B、生产部门提高劳动生产率的结果

C、社会劳动生产率提高的结果

D、延长工作日长度的结果

33、资本有机构成具体表现为（）。

A、不变资本与可变资本的比率

B、生产资料与劳动力的比率

C、固定资本与流动资本的比率

D、生产资本与流通资本的比率

34、资本的周转速度（）。

A、同周转时间成正比，与周转次数成反比

B、同周转时间成正比，与周转次数成正比

C、同周转时间成反比，与周转次数成反比

D、同周转时间成反比，与周转次数成正比

35、把资本区分为固定资本与流动资本的依据，是资本的不同组成部分在生产过程中（）。

A、价值周转方式不同

B、物质存在形态不同

C、价值转移方式不同

D、在生产中的作用不同

36、社会资本再生产的核心问题是（）。

A、社会资本的周转速度问题

B、社会生产两大部类的划分问题

C、社会总产品的价值构成问题

D、社会总产品的实现问题

37、生产成本掩盖了资本主义的剥削，是因为抹杀了（）。

A、不变资本和可变资本的区别

B、固定资本和流动资本的区别

C、劳动资料和劳动对象的区别

D、劳动和劳动力的区别

38、反映预付资本增殖程度的概念是（）。

A、劳动生产率

B、剩余价值率

C、年剩余价值率

D、利润率

39、部门之间竞争的手段是（）。

A、改进技术

B、价格竞争

C、资本转移

D、降低成本

40、资本主义银行利润应（）平均利润。

A、高于

B、低于

C、相当于

D、无关于平均利润。

二、多项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出二至四个正确的答案，并将正确答案的序号分别填在题干的括号内，多选、少选、错选均不得分。每小题 2 分，共20分)

1、实事求是包含着丰富而深刻的哲学思想，它体现了（）

A.唯物论和辩证法的统一

B.尊重客观规律和发挥主观能动性的统一

C.主观和客观的统一

D.自由和必然的统一

2、哲学的物质范畴是（）

A.感性地存在着的东西

B.科学发展到一定程度所认识到某层次的物质形态

C.从具有无限多样的结构、特性的具体形态总和中抽象出来的

D.各种具体事物中抽象概括出的普遍科学概念

3、脱离人体的手，就不是真正意义上的手，这说明（）

A.部分依赖于整体

B.研究部分毫无意义

C.整体与部分毫不相干

D.要从整体和部分的关系中去研究事物

4、认识是主体对客体能动的反映，是摹写与创造的统一，把二者割裂开来会导致（）

A.唯心主义认识论

B.直观被动的反映论

C.经验论

D.唯理论

5、掌握事物度的重要性在于（）

A.在实际工作中必须做到“胸中有数"

B.它可以克服“过"与“不及"的错误

C.它可以避免“左"或右的错误

D.掌握度才能更深刻准确地认识事物

6、正确地理解地理环境同人类社会关系原理的意义,在于要求我们()

A.合理地开发自然资源，减少资源浪费

B.不要破坏生态平衡，要保护人和自然的协调关系

C.尽快地开发自然资源，以促进生产发展

D.要保护自然资源，减少环境污染

7、在商品经济运行中，价值、．价格与供求关系三者之间的关系是：( )。

A、商品价格由价值决定，同时受供求影响而波动

B、价格只由供求关系来决定，价值不起决定作用

C、每一次交换都要求严格按价值量相等的原则进行

D、只有当供求关系平衡时，价格才等于商品的价值

8、在资本主义生产过程，工人具体劳动的作用是（）。

A、生产出新的使用价值

B、形成新的价值

C、转移生产资料的价值

D、转移劳动力的价值

9、下列选项中，正确表明资本本质和特征的选项有（）。

A、资本是带来剩余价值的价值

B、资本是资本家剥削雇佣工人的阶级关系

C、资本是个历史的范畴

D、资本是一种以价值为主体的运动

10、决定和影响利润率高低的因素主要有（）。

A、剩余价值率的高低

B、资本有机构成的高低

C、资本周转速度的快慢

D、不变资本的节约状况

三、简答题（本大题共4小题，每小题各5分，共20分）

1、如何理解人民群众是历史的创造者,这一哲学原理对我国社会主义现代化建设有何重大

2、量变和质变的辩证关系如何？

3、简述国家垄断资本主义出现的原因。

4、如何评价空想社会主义的积极贡献及其局限性？

四、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）

1．运用社会意识反作用于社会存在的原理,说明加强社会主义精神文明建设的重要性。

2．为什么会出现经济全球化的趋势，它的具体表现是什么？

标准答案

一、单选

1——5C A C A A6——10C B B D C

11——15 C C D A D 16——20D C C C C

21——25 D C C C C 26——30B B C B C

31——35 C C A D A 36——40D A D B C

二、多选

1——5 ABCD CD ADAB BCD

6——10 ABDAD AC ABCD ABCD

三、简答题（本大题共4小题，每小题各5分，共20分）

1、如何理解人民群众是历史的创造者,这一哲学原理对我国社会主义现代化建设有何重大意义。

答案要点：（1）人民群众的定义。（1分）

（2）人民群众的作用。（2分）

（3）现实意义：这一原理，是无产阶级政党的群众观点和群众路线的理论基础。（2分）

2、量变和质变的辩证关系如何？

（1）量变和质变是辩证统一的关系。（1分）

（2）区别：（从双方的性质看）量变是渐进的、不显著的变化，是在原有度内的变化；而质变是突破原有度

的限制，是飞跃。（1分）

（3）联系：量变是质变的前提和必要准备；质变是量变的必然结果；质变引起新的量变，并为新的量变开辟

道路；量变和质变相互渗透。（3分）

3、简述国家垄断资本主义出现的原因。

（1）国家垄断资本主义的形成和发展是科技进步和生产社会化程度进一步提高的产物，是资本主义基本矛盾

进一步尖锐化的必然结果。（2分）

（2）首先，社会生产力的发展，要求资本主义生产资料在更大范围内被支配，从而促进了国家垄断资本主义

的产生。（1分）

（3）经济波动和经济危机的深化，要求国家垄断资本主义的产生。（1分）

（4）最后，缓和社会矛盾，协调利益关系，要求国家垄断资本主义的产生。（1分）

4、如何评价空想社会主义的积极贡献及其局限性？

贡献：对资本主义社会制度的尖锐批判；对未来社会主义新制度的天才的描绘；意识到资本主义必然灭亡的历

史规律；为科学社会主义提供了直接的思想来源。（3分）

局限性：找不到资本主义灭亡的经济根源；找不到取代资本主义的社会力量；找不到通向理想社会的现实途

径。（2分）

四、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）

1．运用社会意识反作用于社会存在的原理,说明加强社会主义精神文明建设的重要性。

（1）社会存在和社会意识是辩证统一的关系。社会存在决定社会意识，社会意识是社会存在的反映，并反作

用于社会存在。（3分）

（2）社会存在和社会意识的辩证关系决定了社会意识要随着社会存在的发展和发生变化和发展。（3分）（3）意义。（紧紧地围绕先进的社会意识对社会存在的促进作用、落后的社会意识对社会存在的阻碍作用展

开）（4分）

2．为什么会出现经济全球化的趋势，它的具体表现是什么？

（1）原因：科学技术的进步和生产力的发展；跨国公司的发展；各国经济体制的变革。（5分）

（2）表现：生产的全球化；贸易的全球化；金融的全球化；企业经营的全球化。（5分）

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这不是三个字，而是一辈子！

9、我对你的心是鲜啤酒，清澈甘冽；我对你的情是葡萄酒，味美甘甜；我对你的爱是刀烧酒，热情浓烈；醉倒在怀，无限爱恋。

10、人生短短几十年，不要给自己留下了什么遗憾，想笑就笑，想哭就哭，该爱的时候就去爱，无谓压抑自己。人生的苦闷有二，一是欲望没有被满足，二是它得到了满足。

11、一片琼花天庭落，万里江山披银河，冰凌也有相思苦，写意窗花含泪说，昙花一现夜梦短，早有晨光盼春歌。想你，我的心会和你一起启程，祈祷每一个黎明。

12、戒指好比爱情，戴在手上，也是戴在心上；伤在心上，便也伤在手上。不敢碰的，是那心里的伤；不愿摘的，是那难舍的爱。

13、在追求爱情的列车上，透过车窗，可以欣赏到许多优美的景色，但是，请不要留恋，因为终点站才是真正的目的地。但愿我能够成为你永远的终点站！

14、爱一个人真的好难，让我欢喜让我忧！如果不让我去爱你的话，我会更难受，更彷徨。所以为了我自己，我还是爱着你吧！

15、诚挚的微笑，每一次心跳，或许寂然无声，却胜过虚幻的海誓山盟；真情的碰撞，灵魂的契合，或许不够浪漫，却胜过无数的真情告白。

16、此时此刻我又想起了你，想你的感觉是一种酸酸的痛！不能打电话告诉你，只想用文字亲亲你！记住爱你的人始终是我！

17、爱你一万年，夸张！爱你五千年，无望！爱你一千年，荒唐！爱你一百年，太长！接连爱你七十年，只要我身体健康，就是我的强项！

18、如果不爱你，不会为你守着誓言，如果不爱你，不会承受一切的罪恶感，如果不爱你，不会因你而绽放幸福的光彩。

19、一个犀利并朦胧眼神，传递心中纠结情感，我们的距离愈近或愈远。发条简朴并低调的信息，尽享真情互动，指尖点点，送你的却是心中真情满满。

20、上帝给了我这份缘，所以我每天都在天堂。生活里因为有了爱，所以我身边幸福弥漫。日子里面有了你，所以天天我都很美。

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the history of holiday shopping. While people have heard of Black Friday; most do not know its origins. Black Friday is the day after Thanksgiving (感恩节).On this day most retail stores open their doors very early一some as early as 4 am. In addition, they provide their customers with great discounts on products. With this in mind, it is clear to see why so many shoppers buy many of their Christmas gifts on Black Friday. Black Friday is not as ok! as many people think. In fact, it is believed that the first Black. Friday was held in the 1970s in the USA. It was a day when stores decided to mark the start of the holiday season In order to draw more customers, they offered great discounts. All products sold very well. This large success resulted in the name Black Friday, it was so named because the stores were "in the black". This financial term means the stoics made a lot of money. However, it was not until around that Black Friday really started to gain in popularity. Today in the USA, countless advertisers proudly announce their Black Friday sales. They hope to attract shoppers into their stores. Black Friday is a day when many shoppers in the USA go out and buy gifts, even though Christmas Eve is still a more popular day to shop. Thanks to the Internet, it is now possible to get some excellent Black Friday deals online. So if you don't want to get to the stores by 4 am, this is the perfect way to still get items at reduced prices. 1.Many people know the history of Black Friday.? A. True B. False C. Not Given 2.Most stores open their doors for business very early on Black Friday. A. True B. False C. Not Given 3.Customers get better service on Black Friday. A. True B. False C. Not Given 4.Black Friday started in the USA. A. True B. False C. Not Given 5.The holiday season ends on Black Friday. A. True B. False C. Not Given 6."In the black" is a financial term. A. True B. False C. Not Given

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绝密★考试结束前 全国4月高等教育自学考试 综合英语(二)试题和答案 课程代码：00795 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。 选择题部分 注意事项： 1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。 2. 每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。 I. GRAMMARAND VOCABULARY Complete each of the following 15 sentences with the most likely answer. Blacken the letter corresponding to your choice on the answer sheet. (1 point each, 15 points in all) 1. Mr. Johnson ______ rather not invest that money in the stock market. A. should B. could C. would D. must

2. Americans eat ______ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. A. more than twice many B. as twice as many C. as many as twice D. twice as many 3. In 1900, the energy derived from burning petroleum was only four percent ______ of coal. A. that B. this C. what D. which 4. Many patients insist on having watches with them in hospital, ______ they have no schedules to keep. A. since B. even though C. so D. as if 5. In summer, she would sit in the garden enjoying the fresh air and the smell of the things she ______. A. was planting B. had planted C. has planted D. would plant 6. There ______ nothing more for discussion, the meeting ended earlier than expected. A. to be B. to have been C. being D. be 7. ______ we can hope for is to avoid complete failure in the coming game with that strong team. A. For the best B. With the best C. At best D. The best

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comes to listening to music. We usually just listen to a play list and allow a program to randomly（任意的）select the songs we are going to listen to. This is where the program lies. What if you liked the first song but found the second one boring? What if the third one was a motivating song while the fourth didn’t suit your emotions? What do you think the result will be? What you'll have is an emotional mess! The first song will lift your mood a little. The second will make you a little bored. The third will motivate you and then the fourth will put you down. In the end you’ll end up feeling worse than before. I strongly recommend dividing your play list into different small lists. For example, a list for relaxation, a list for motivation and so on. Another very important thing you must do is to get rid of all of the old music that you are bored of. Besides, don't listen to songs with negative words or messages. The music you listen to can delay your recovery from breakups（分手）by months and months!

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第二部分：阅渎选择(第11～15题，每题2分，共l0分) 阅渎下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳 选项，并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑。

第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子(第16～25题，每题l分，共10分) 阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务：(1)从第l6～20题后所给的6个选项中为第1～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)从第21～25题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将正确选项的字母写在答题卡上。

第四部分：填句补文(第26～30题，每题2分，共10分) 下面的短文有5处空自，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容 将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌，请将正确选项的字母写在答题卡上。

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自考英语二全真模拟题第一套

自考英语二全真模拟题第一套

第 1 页 英语（二）考前模拟题第一套 题号一二三四五六七总分 得分 第一部分：阅读判断(第1～10题。每题1分，共10分) 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容列每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该旬的信息文中没有提及，选择C。 Why Is the Native Language Learnt So Well? How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most cases, may end up with a faulty and inexact command. What accounts for this difference? Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all, namely, the first years of life. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine (纯正的) form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, and right use of words and right structure. He drinks in all the words and expressions which come to him in a fresh, ever bubbling spring. There is no resistance: there is perfect assimilation (同化). Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all the year round, while an adult language student has each week a limited number of hours which he generally shaves with others. The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions. Here there is nothing unnatural, as is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching (炎热的) heat in January. And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him. Again and again, when his attempts at speech are successful, his desires are understood and fulfilled. Finally, though a child’s “teachers” may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1716450930.html,pared with adults learning a foreign language, children learn their native 第2页language with ease. A.True B. False C. Not Given 2.Adults’ knowledge and mental powers hinder （妨碍）their complete mastery of a foreign language. A. True B. False C. Not Given 3. The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of learning. A. True B. False C. Not Given 4. Plenty of practice in listening during the first years of life partly ensures children’s success of learning their mother tongue. A. True B. False C. Not Given 5. A child learning his native language has the advantage of having private lessons all the year round. A. True B. False C. Not Given 6. Gestures and facial expressions may assist a child in mastering his native language. A. True B. False C. Not Given 7. The study hours for adult language learners are very short,, compared with the children. A. True B. False C. Not Given 8. The language practiced on language lessons in schools is often unnatural. A. True B. False C. Not Given 9. A child’s “teachers” are usually trained in language teaching. A. True B. False C. Not Given 10. Different children learn their native languages at sharply different speed. A. True B. False C. Not Given 第二部分：阅读选择(第11～15题，每题2分。共10分) 阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项。 The language of Music A painter hangs his or her finished picture on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is