英语国家概况期末考整理

Unit 1 UK

著名景点

Big Ben 大本钟2、Tower Bridge(crosses the River Thames; close to the Tower of London; symbol of London ) 3、Westminster Abbey ( Gothic church in the City of Westminster,London; Coronation and burial site for British monarchs.) 4、Red Double Decker Bus (mass transit)

英国基本知识

1、constituent parts ? England/ Scotland/ Northern Ireland/ Wales(国旗)

2、the national anthem(国歌)? God save the queen

3、The national Emblem?

4、National flower? Rose (Wars of the Roses - civil wars (1455-1485) between the royal house of Lancaster ( red rose) and the royal house of York (white rose).)

5、地理位置

6、Full name?The "United Kingdom of

Great Britain and Northern Ireland".（The British Isles不列颠岛; Great Britain; UK ; Commonwealth）

7、Three political divisions（行政区域）: England, Scotland, and Wales.

8、Commonwealth? A free association of sovereign states comprising Great Britain and a number of its former dependencies ; united as ?free and equal members‘.

9、Capital

England(London); Scotland(Edinburgh); Wales(Cardiff);

Northern Ireland(Belfast) 10、Backbone of England? Pennine

11、Ben Nevis? the highest mountain in UK. 1343m

12、North Ireland? National flower: Irish clover (三叶草)；Lough Neagh (the largest lake in UK) ; industrious; agricultural

13、Rivers and lakes?1. The Severn River(longest river; from the mountain of Wales to the Bristol Channel) 2. The Thames River (Main source of London‘s water supply;Second longest river in Britain; Costwold Hills--North Sea)3. The Clyde River (The most important river in Scotland)4. Lake District 5. Lough Neagh（The largest lake in Britain (396 square kilometers), Northern Ireland.）

14、The climate in Britain?pea souper 超级浓雾

Unit2 UK

1、the first settler? The Iberian(伊比利亚人)

2、Stonehenge(巨石阵)?was a place of healing center；The most important monument left by Iberian；There are about 80 stones, and each is five meters tall.

3、The Celtic language? the basis of both Welsh and Gaelic(盖尔语) (Irish,Scotish).

4、Hadrian ‘s Wall

5、7th century Heptarchy（七国联盟）?(Wessex; Sussex; Kent; Essex; East Anglia; Mercia; Northumbria)

6、Viking pirates(维京海盗) ? Vikings from Denmark；established some

small kingdoms；Northern and eastern England

7、The Norman Conquest(1066)? The Normans that invaded England in 1066 came from Normandy in Northern France.

8、Black Death(名词解释)?was the modern name given to the deadly bubonic plague(腺鼠疫), an epidemic disease spread by rat fleas ；in Europe; reduce England‘s population from 4 million to 2 million

9、Linguistic composition

England?1.Origin: Germanic (Anglo, Saxon,Jutes)https://www.wendangku.net/doc/174029548.html,nguage:English (union of Norman French and language of Anglo-Saxons); Cockney Wales?1.Origin:Celts https://www.wendangku.net/doc/174029548.html,nguage:English; Welsh (1/5; in north and west; the most flourishing of the Celtic languages).

Scotland ?1.Origin:Highlanders (Celts) Lowlanders (Anglo –Saxon) https://www.wendangku.net/doc/174029548.html,nguage:English Scottish Gaelic, 2%

Northern Ireland ?1.Origin:Celts https://www.wendangku.net/doc/174029548.html,nguage:English; Irish Gaelic

10、Cockneys(伦敦腔)? The dialect or accent of the natives of the East End of London.

Unit 3 UK

1、The House of Normans? on Dec. 25, 1066 ; The Battle of Hastings; after the death of Edward the Confes

2、The consequences of Norman Conquest? 1. Feudal system completely established. 2. Norman government. 3. Relation with the continent opened.

4.Civilization and commerce extended.

5. Norman French culture, language, manners and architecture introduced.

6. Church courts separated from the civil courts.

3、the first king of the House of Plantagenet(1154)? Henry II

4、The king of Lackland? King John(the feudal nobility and the leading Church figure, 1215); sign the Magna Carta

5、The Hundred Years‘ War(1337-1453)? between France and England

6、Wat Tyler‘s Uprising/ Peasants‘ Revolt（农民起义）? in 1381; Cause: resentment over the poll tax; finance a war with France; In London, the peasants forced King Richard II to make several concession; Tyler was struck down; The major part of rebellion was crushed

7、The War of Rose(1455 - 1485) ? the House of Lancaster V.S. the House of York ; Henry Tudor defeated Richard II; United the two house

8、The first king of Tudor? Henry VII ;

9、The Enclosure movement(圈地运动)? fast development clothing industry→more wool was needed→sheep-farming(enclosure movement)→capital→ capitalism 10、Henry VIII ? the English Reformation started in the region of Henry VIII for his marriage issue.

11、Milestone(里程碑) of Elizabeth I ? 1. Balance the protestants and Catholics 2. Her government was effective in reducing the power of old nobility, expending the power of her government, and effecting common law and administration throughout England. 3. Reached further through trade&adventure, new land, material, food 4. 1599, arena of world trade and colonization.

12、English Revolution/ Civil War(英国革命)(1625--1649)? Charles I ; King V.S. Parliament; Monarchy replaced Commonwealth

13、Oliver Cromwell? 1.defeated Charles I 2.Under his lead, the Parliament controlled most of England by 1646 Lord Protector

14、The Glorious Revolution(光荣革命)? James II → France; Parliament invited Mary II and William to take the throne; William and Mary were crowned as joint rulers.

15、James Watt? Scottish inventor , made vast improvements to the steam engine, making it practical for large-scale industrial use.

16、The Chartist Movement(宪章运动)? Political reform movement, 1838--1848; London Working Men‘s Association sponsored; suffrage(选举权) for all male citizens over age 21; Large public meeting

Unit 4 UK

1、Constitutional Monarchy(君主立宪制)? a monarch acts as head of state and his/ her power is legally bound by constitution.

2、Constitution? A constitution is a set of rules and conventions that lays down the powers and functions of state institutions and their relationship with each other.

3、Sources of Constitution?1.Conventions ( rules and practices that do not exist legally, but regarded as vital to the working of government习惯法) 2.Statute law(laws passed by the Parliament at various times in response to particular situations成文法) https://www.wendangku.net/doc/174029548.html,mon law (laws set up by common practice in court普通法; A body of rules based on community customs and previous court decisions 法官在下乡所积累成的判决内容，即为日后判决的法律渊源，而形成共同的法律依据; can be amended or repealed by Parliament )

4、“Divine right of Kings”? The ancient doctrine held that the sovereign derived his authority from God ；an excuse for abusing power.

5、Functions of the Monarch? A. In law(The permanent head of state ；The commander-in-chief ；The temporal head of Anglican Church)

B.In practice（She reigns, but does not rule ；Her role in state affairs: ceremonial and symbolic）

6、Parliament ?a parliamentary democracy (民主议会制): Britain is arguably the oldest parliamentary democracy in the world. The government is elected by the people and governs according to British constitutions.

7、Parliament ? The supreme legislative body in the UK. The House of Lords meet the House of Commons;

8、The elements of parliament?The Crown, the House of Lords, and House of Commons; 9、The life of parliament? 5 years

10、Functions of Parliament? 1. Legislation（Create, abolish, amend laws）2. pass laws proposed by the government 3. voting for taxes and expenditure of the government 4. exam the government policy, administration & expenditure 5. Debates major political issues of the day

11、The differences between Parliament and government ?Government (The government runs the country, known as the Executive; Government runs the country and is responsible to the parliament ) ; Parliament (Parliament is the highest legislative authority in the UK, also known as the Legislature ; Parliament represents the people)

12、Origin of the Cabinet?The king or queen met regularly with a group of Parliamentarians, which became known as the Cabinet. (The Cabinet ministers were

appointed by the sovereign, and they had to have enough support in the House of Commons)

13、The House of Commons ? elected

14、Central Government ?A. The Privy Council枢密院B. The Cabinet C. The Prime Minister D. Shadow Cabinet 影子内阁E. Ministers

15、The Privy Council 枢密院? An advisory institution; originally a committee of the monarch's closest advisors to give confidential advice on affairs of state

16、The Cabinet ? (is the committee at the center of the British political system and is the supreme decision-making body in government.) Function? policy-making ; the coordination of government departments ; the supreme control of the government

17、No. 10 Downing Street?residence ; workplace ; Receives foreign guests.

18、The Shadow Cabinet?The next largest party in the Commons forms a “shadow”cabinet whose members are responsible for criticizing government ministers and formulating opposition policies.

19、Major Political Parties?Conservative Party(1679 / old / From Tories / Right wing party, private enterprise and freedom from state control / Supporters: middle& upper-middle class People of higher position) ; Labor Party(1990 / young / From Whig / Left wing party, nationalized industries, exercised control over private industries to revive the primary industries /Supporters: working class and common people relatively poor or underprivileged) ; Liberal Party.

20、Margaret Thatcher (1979-1990) —The Iron Lady ?Recent Prime Ministers from the Labor Party

21、First past the post (FPTP or FPP) ?an election determined by the highest polling candidate(s).

Unit 5 UK

1、Two branches of law?1.Civil law (governs the relationships and

transactions between private parties such as compensation for loss or damage.)

2.Criminal law (mostly involves the rules laid down by the state for citizens and acts punishable by the state, such as theft and murder)

2、The Court System?

3、Court of appeal上诉法院?Civil Division (民事法庭)；Criminal Division(刑事法庭)

4、House of Lords? The House of Lords is in the supreme executive body of the law. 上议院是英国最高的法院

5、Scotland Yard?is often used to refer to the Metropolitan Police Service of London, UK. 苏格兰场、英国首都伦敦警务处总部

Unit 8 UK

1、The relationship between government and religion in Britain? 1. The state supports the church in Economic and Political ways. 2.The church supports the state to reign the country, and it makes the king the authority. It does contribute to the unification of the UK. 3.The church also helps in legislation.

2、Main Branches of Christianity?1. Roman Catholicism 大为搭 2. Orthodox Christianity丛棋搭3. Protestantism 擅搭

3、Conflicts & Division between the Roman Catholic and Protestantism? Reasons:

English monarchs1. --- were jealous of the expanded power and wealth of the English church 2. --- resented the dominant influence of Rome in national affairs 3. --- Henry VIII, then , argued (a) he, not the pope : the supreme legal authority, (b) English church & its courts should be allegiant to him only.

4、The Church of England?It was separated from the Roman Catholic church in 1534 with the Act of Supremacy; the mother church of the worldwide communion (宗教团体); Its head is the king or queen of Britain; Parliament has a voice in its organization and rituals

5、Structure of Church?1.(Elizabeth II is the Supreme Governor of the Church of England. )2. Church of England→Two Provinces (大教区) led by Archbishops（大主教）→43 Dioceses (主教教区) led by Bishops （主教）→Parishes（教区）led by Priests（牧师）

6、The Church of Scotland?the leaders are the ministers(牧师)and elders；Follow the teaching of Calvin; Independent of all parliamentary supervision

Unit9 UK

1、Some Facts?https://www.wendangku.net/doc/174029548.html,pulsory, 5 to 16; 2.The leaving age,18, by the Education and Skills Act 2008; 3.Expenditure on education public funds. 3.9:00am –4:00 pm ；

4.The academic year in England: September July；3 terms, 8 weeks

2、Types of Schools classified according to their financial source in Britain?1.Private schools（independent school, public school)（Private fee-paying schools; local or central government control）2.State schools（from state taxes and local council revenue; governing body (parent representatives, the head teacher) ；It is responsible for the main policy decision）3.V oluntary schools or Church schools（funded by religious denominations) 4.Self-governing or Grant-maintained (GM) school(receive funds from the government) 5. Specialist schools(are connected to Specialist schools a private backer)

3、Private Schools? Public schools/ Independent Schools; A variety of other schools are also private, including kindergartens, day schools, and newer boarding schools

4、Higher Education?Four groups：“Oxbridge”：Oxford and Cambridge. “Redbrick”：a group of universities founded between 1850 and 1930. University of Leeds, University of Liverpool. Found after World War II: Sussex, York, East Anglia. The New universities：founded in the modern times

5、University of Oxford?The oldest university in English-speaking country; Established time: 1167; School Motto: Dominus illumination mea

(The Lord is my Light )

6、All Souls College?England’s oldest institution of higher learning, Oxford University

Unit 1 US

1、Official name: United States of America

2、national flag：Stars and Stripes

3、National Emblem：Bald eagle

4、National flower: rose

5、Nickname: Uncle Sam

6、Capital: Washington D.C.

7、Location: 48 contiguous states + 2 noncontiguous states + D.C ; central North America with Canada to its north, Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico to its south, the Atlantic Ocean to its east and the Pacific Ocean to its

west.

8、Alaska is the largest in area and Rhode Island the smallest.

9、Three Geographical Divisions?Eastern part; Great Plains; Western part

10、Rocky Mountains----great backbone of North America

11、The Mississippi? called ―father of waters‖ and the ―old man river‖

12、The Missouri?is one of the longest rivers in the world

13、The Ohio?called the American Ruhr; steel industry

14、The Great Lakes?苏必利尔湖(Lake Superior)、休伦湖(Lake Huron)、密歇根湖(Lake Michigan)、伊利湖(Lake Erie)、安大略湖(Lake Ontario)

15、New England 新英格兰?Maine 缅因州New Hampshire 新罕布什尔州Vermont 佛蒙特州Massachusetts 马塞诸塞州(麻省) Rhode Island 罗得岛Connecticut 康涅狄格州

16、The Mid-West States? "Industrial midwest"

17、The American South? The legacy of a rigid social structure

18、The American West? computer software, mining and irrigated agriculture

19、The Pacific Coast? Gold Rush, 17th century; Los Angeles, Hollywood film

20、The New States?Alaska 阿拉斯加州Hawaii 夏威夷

Unit 2 US

1、Indians? The “first Americans”

2、Christopher Columbus, an Italian navigator, discovered an unknown new world, mistook it for India; Amerigo Vespucci, proved it was not India, but a new continent, and the land was named after him

3、The Colonial Period? The first English colony in the Continent was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607, “mother state”.

4、The Puritans? The Puritans were wealthy, well-educated gentlemen

5、The Battle of Lexington ( 1775 )? The first shots starting the revolution

6、The first Continental Congress(1774)? Result: passed Declaration of Rights and Grievances

7、The second Continental Congress(1775)? Place: Philadelphia; Result: decided to draw up a Declaration of Independence

8、Thomas Jefferson (1743 – 1826)?The third president of U.S.A

9、George Washington (1732-99)? The first president of USA

10、The Battle of Yorktown? Result: Decisive Victory ; The Treaty of Paris (1783)

11、Uncle Tom‘s Cabin?author: 1852,Harriet Beecher Stowe; ―So this is the little lady who made this big war.‖ ---Lincoln

12、The Civil War (1861-1865)

13、Emancipation Proclamation 奴隶解放宣言?January 1, 1863, issued by Abraham Lincoln that freed the slaves of the Confederacy; This transformed the war from a war to save the Union, to a war to abolish slavery

14、Homestead Act (1862)（宅地法）? This act allowed the slaves to have their own land

英语国家概况期末考整理

Unit 1 UK 著名景点 Big Ben 大本钟2、Tower Bridge(crosses the River Thames; close to the Tower of London; symbol of London ) 3、Westminster Abbey ( Gothic church in the City of Westminster,London; Coronation and burial site for British monarchs.) 4、Red Double Decker Bus (mass transit) 英国基本知识 1、constituent parts ? England/ Scotland/ Northern Ireland/ Wales(国旗) 2、the national anthem(国歌)? God save the queen 3、The national Emblem? 4、National flower? Rose (Wars of the Roses - civil wars (1455-1485) between the royal house of Lancaster ( red rose) and the royal house of York (white rose).) 5、地理位置 6、Full name?The "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland".（The British Isles不列颠岛; Great Britain; UK ; Commonwealth） 7、Three political divisions（行政区域）: England, Scotland, and Wales. 8、Commonwealth? A free association of sovereign states comprising Great Britain and a number of its former dependencies ; united as ?free and equal members‘. 9、Capital England(London); Scotland(Edinburgh); Wales(Cardiff); Northern Ireland(Belfast) 10、Backbone of England? Pennine 11、Ben Nevis? the highest mountain in UK. 1343m 12、North Ireland? National flower: Irish clover (三叶草)；Lough Neagh (the largest lake in UK) ; industrious; agricultural 13、Rivers and lakes?1. The Severn River(longest river; from the mountain of Wales to the Bristol Channel) 2. The Thames River (Main source of London‘s water supply;Second longest river in Britain; Costwold Hills--North Sea)3. The Clyde River (The most important river in Scotland)4. Lake District 5. Lough Neagh（The largest lake in Britain (396 square kilometers), Northern Ireland.） 14、The climate in Britain?pea souper 超级浓雾 Unit2 UK 1、the first settler? The Iberian(伊比利亚人) 2、Stonehenge(巨石阵)?was a place of healing center；The most important monument left by Iberian；There are about 80 stones, and each is five meters tall. 3、The Celtic language? the basis of both Welsh and Gaelic(盖尔语) (Irish,Scotish). 4、Hadrian ‘s Wall 5、7th century Heptarchy（七国联盟）?(Wessex; Sussex; Kent; Essex; East Anglia; Mercia; Northumbria) 6、Viking pirates(维京海盗) ? Vikings from Denmark；established some small kingdoms；Northern and eastern England 7、The Norman Conquest(1066)? The Normans that invaded England in 1066 came from Normandy in Northern France.

英语国家概况论文——海伦凯勒

Helen Keller Zhang Chu (09yingjiao1-35) Abstract：This passage shows about a blind deaf author and educator—Helen Keller. When she was half a year old, an unexpected disaster happened to her which made her forfeit the instinct for living. After that, this little girl became isolated to the vivid and dramatic world. However, in the darkness and a lonely world, she didn't give up and never surrendered to fate. With the help and encouragement from her teacher Anne Sullivan, she overcame all the sufferings caused by the physical defects tenaciously. She learned to speak and study, and began to communicate with others. When she was 24, she graduated from Radcliffe College, Harvard University and became a knowledgeable famous writer and educator, who got hold of five languages. Helen’s life is extraordinary and she gave us great encouragement. She taught us to cherish our health and this wonderful time. Key words: Helen Keller, Anne Sullivan, love, encourage, breakthrough, success 1. Introduction The background of Helen Keller’s family and education did a beneficial foundation for Helen Keller’s success. 1.1Family Background Helen Adams Keller was born on June 27, 1880, in Tuscumbia, Alabama. Her family lived on a homestead, Ivy Green, which Helen's grandfather had built decades earlier. Helen's father, Arthur H. Keller, spent many years as an editor for the Tuscumbia North Alabamian and had served as a captain for the Confederate Army. Helen's mother, Kate Adams,was the daughter of Charles Adams. Helen's paternal grandmother was the second cousin of Robert E. Lee. In a word, hose in Helen’s family members had extraordinary position, which gave a superior foundation for Helen’s success in defeating the suff erings. Helen's father's lineage can be traced to Casper Keller, a native of Switzerland. Coincidentally, one of Helen's Swiss ancestors was the first teacher for the deaf in Zurich. It might be another helpful factor for her to overcome the troubles.(1998:1-2) 1.2Education background

英语国家概况论文-政治体制 英文

Comparison of the Politics in Britain and United States Abstract: The system that British established in 19 century has a profound effect not only on its own country’s society developments of politics and history but also on other counties’ modern institution, politics and history. British is the mother of world capitalist constitutionalism. As a powerful capitalistic country, US’system is also based on the British’s system and set a prefect system after some reforms. Even so, the systems of the two countries still have many differences. Both of the two countries have powerful political systems in the world. Keywords: constitution, party systems, electoral system 1. Introduction: (political institution is superstructure, generally refers to the state power organs and the basic system which adapted with the social nature. "Political system, as same as the various systems of the human society, is the product of history development, branding with time and space.”) After the English bourgeois revolution, democratic politics was gradually established. The constitution was promulgated and constitutionalism was gradually be taken. Capitalism got a considerable development in Britain. Britain built the first set of the capitalist system, which is known as the source and model of Western political system. British and US political systems have the same theoretical basis: the principle of "separation of powers” and the theory of “human rights”; the concrete content includes the parliamentary system, the electoral system, the judicial system, and the political party system, etc; these are all considered to be the elements of "people's democracy", Regimes implemented the principles of separation of powers and check and balance and the "rule of law". And most fundamentally,as two typical representatives of capitalist countries’ political systems, Britain and USA have the same nature in the maintenance of bourgeois interests and the private capitalist system, the implementation of other aspects of bourgeois dictatorship. But in the specific political system level, they present different characteristics, the paper only compare British and American political system from three aspects of the Constitution, the party system, the electoral system. 2. Comparison of constitutions Britain is typical of countries with unwritten constitution, there is no unified, complete written form, and its constitutional system is extremely complex which is constituted by a variety of written and unwritten customary law, jurisprudence and constitutional practices constituted. British constitution can not be listed by one or several pieces of documents, nor strict distinct by the time, it lacks rigorous and explicit content, consistent and complete system。 The United States Constitution is the first written constitution in the world. In the course of its development, the United States Constitution formed the four main principles: the separation of powers and checks and balances, federalism, limited the powers of the government and judicial review. The US Constitution carried thorough the separation of powers which provide the separation of the legislative, judicial and administrative. Congress, the Federal Court and the President perform their respective duties, and the division of labor between federal, state and local governments is also very clear. Federal Court is an important weight in the separation of powers and checks and balances in the United States, in addition to the administrative function and legislative function, the most important function is the supervisory function and judicial function. Judges enjoy constitutional status and was appointed guardian to uphold the Constitution; the

英语国家概况的复习资料

英语国家概况考试题型如下： 1.选择题（30 X 1’） 2.填空题（20 X 1’） 3.简答（10 X 2’）--必须回答完整的句子 4.分析题（6 X 5’）-- 必须回答完整的句子 总分100 分 主要内容包括： 一．U.S. Geography 1.Full name of U.S.. 2.Number of States: 50 states. 3.After President Jefferson brought the Louisiana territory from France there was a desire for territorial expansion among many frontier men. 4.The U.S. has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometers. The fourth largest countries. 5.Taxas is the largest mainland state of the U.S.. Alaska is the largest state of the U.S.. 6.Hawaii is in the Pacific Ocean. 7.America’s movies are mostly made in Hollywood near the city of Los Angeles in south California. 二．U.S. People 1.The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the US is the Blacks (Afriican-Americans). 2.The “first Americans” were the Indians. 3.The Asian-Americans are the fastest-growing racial and ethnic group in the United States. 4.The first permanent settlement in North America was established in today’s V erginia in the year of 1607. 5.The “Three Faiths” in the U.S. refer to: ?Protestan ?Catholic ?Jewish 6.The majority of the Catholics in the U.S. are descendants of immigrants from Ireland, Italy and Poland. 7.American society is a stratified one in which power, wealth and pestige are unequally distributed among the population. 8.WASP stands for White Anglo-Saxon Protestant.

英语国家概况(阅读)期末复习资料

英语国家概况（阅读） 1、Which of the following statements is NOT true? C.The Social Democratic and Labour Party is a very important political party in Britain 2、Which of the following statements is NOT correct? D.Parliament has no power to change the terms of the Constitution. 3、To get a bachelor’s degree, an American undergraduate student is required to do the following except ____. C.taking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophy 4、Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes? B.The legislative. 5、Which one of the following is NOT particularly British Christmas tradition? C.Eating chocolate eggs on Easter Day. 6、Which of the following statements is NOT true about blacks after the 1960s? A.Blacks felt that they could be fully integrated into the mainstream of American life. 7、The New Deal was started by ___. A.Franklin Roosevelt. 8、Which of the following is NOT based on the fact? A.Members of Parliament elect the Prime Minister and the Cabinet. 9、Three of the following are characteristics of London, Which of the four is the EXCEPTION? C.London is not only the largest city in Britain, but also the largest in the world 10、In order to go to university, secondary school students in the US must meet the following requirements except that ___. D.They pass the college entrance examinations 11、Which of the following statements is NOT correct? When the War of Independence was over, ___. D.the relationships between the states and the national government were clearly defined. 12、Which of the following about the tabloids is not true? A.They are big format newspapers. 13、In the 17th century,the English government encouraged people from Scotland and Northern England to emigrate to the north of Ireland, because ____. A.they wanted to increase its control over Ireland 14、The largest religion in the US is ___. B.Christianity 15、Which of the following is NOT a feature of the House of Lords? C.The lords are expected to represent the interests of the public.

英语专业国家概况期末复习总结

英语国家概况 名词解释 1. The civil rights movement (1955–1968) refers to the reform movements in the United States aimed at abolishing racial discrimination against African Americans and restoring suffrage in Southern states. 2. A federal system A federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts with some rights reserved to each. 3. King Arthur It is said that he was the King of England in the 5th century and united the British and drove the Saxons back with his magical sword, Excalibur. His real existence is in doubt. He is the central figure of many legends. 4. The Anglo-Saxons They were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England. 5. Riverdance Riverdance is a very popular form of dancing based on I reland’s intricate folk dances which are rearranged and modernized and adapted onto current stage performance. Dancing is traditionally part of Irish culture. It is usually accompanied by the Irish pipe and fiddle. The music usually sounds fast and furious. Most of the action is from the waist down, with the arms held rigidly at the sides. 6. The House of Commons The House of Commons is the real centre of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives (Members of Parliament) make and debate policy. These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of people who vote for them. 7. The Commonwealth It is a voluntary association of states which is made up of Britain and mostly of former British colonies. There are 54 members of the Commonwealth including one currently suspended member: many of these are developing countries like India and Cyprus; others are developed nations like Australia, Canada and New Zealand. The Commonwealth was set up as a forum for continued cooperation and as a sort of support network. 8. Maoritanga Maoritanga means ―Maori culture‖. It refers to all the elements of the rich cultural heritage of the indigenous people in New Zealand, including their language, customs and traditions. 9. The “Washminster” form polity The ―Washminster‖form of polity is adopted by the Australian government. It is a mixture of the US Washington system of government and the British Westminster system. This means that the political

英语国家概况-论文

The Sports Culture of the United Kingdom ---An Introduction to the UK 姓名：谢宏桥 学号：2012213047 班级：七班 分数： 2013 年 12 月20 日 When it comes to the United Kingdom, People will always think of the British gentlemen with traditional hat and cane. In fact, sports are as traditional as gentlemen in Britain. The United Kingdom, a traditional and strong country not only in the area of industry and comprehensive national strength, but also in the area of sports, has a long history for playing sports. A lot of major sports originated in the UK, including association football, golf, tennis, boxing, rugby league, rugby union, cricket, field hockey, snooker, billiards, squash, curling and badminton, all of which are popular in Britain. Even the table tennis and baseball, the Chinese and American national sports, originated from Britain. Now British sports not only affect the social context at home, but also have a great impact outside home. We even can regard the sports as a reflection of British culture. Let’s know about Britain from its sports culture. 1. Various important sports originating in the UK 1.1 Association football. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a very important sport originated in his traditional home—England in the 19th century. The laws of the game were originally codified in England by the Football

2011英语国家概况期末考

2011英语国家概况期末考 1 of 100 Whose speech is closest to BBC English? A Cockney Southerners in England northerners in England A Welsh 2 of 100 The two newest states which joined the United States are _____. Alaska and Hawaii California and New Mexico Alaska and Florida Hawaii and Oregon 3 of 100

Which of the following is NOT one of the general standards for admission into an institution of higher learning in the U. S. A.? ACTP GPA MBA SAT 4 of 100 Britain's longest rivers are _____. the Severn and the Thames the Thames and the Clyde the Clyde and the Humber the Severn and the Clyde 5 of 100 New Englanders were originally known as _______. Yankees German farmers

Fishermen from Scandinavia English Puritans 6 of 100 The Constitution of the United States provides that _____ shall be President of the Senate. the Chief Justice the Secretary of State the Vice President the President 7 of 100 Which of the following is NOT one of the clauses in Magna Carta? There should be the same weights and measures throughout the country. The principle of parliamentary supremacy should be confirmed and free speech in Parliament should be guaranteed.

英语国家概况论文 黄爱灵

湖南涉外经济学院外国语学院2013-2014《英语国家概况》期末小论文班级_英本1202班___ 姓名__黄爱灵__评分____________ American Higher Education American education system in the United States is the world's cause of education of the most developed countries in the world. American education system as early as the founding of beginning to take shape when, after 200 years of development and gradually perfect, Formation of the primary, secondary and tertiary institutions High education in the United States began with the founding of Harvard College in 1636. In the past more than 300 years, it has developed into a large enterprise with a very complex system. The higher education comprises four categories of institutions: a) the university; b) the four-year undergraduate institution----the college; c) the technical training institution; and d) the two-year community college. In America, the education system has the differentGraduate Degrees years, Bachelor’s Degree have 4 years; Master’s Degree have 1-2 years; Doctor’s Degree, ph.D (doctor of philosophy), have at least 3 years. So what are the differences between the “college” and the “university” in America? The term “college”refers to an undergraduate institution that confers the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science after four years of study or an associate degree after two years study. While a university is generally a group of colleges, each serving a special purpose: college of business, college of arts and humanities, college of education, etc. The system of higher education in the United States has three functions: teaching, research and public service. Each college or university has its own emphasis with regard to its functions. The majority of the higher educationinstitutions are located in states that have a large population. The American higher education institutions offer a wide variety of subjects, from the finearts to practical and career-oriented fields such as engineering and marketing. The United States has a variety of higher education institutions, from large comprehensive universities to small traditional liberal arts colleges. Distinctions among these institutionsare in size, level, educational quality, residential atmosphere and the time it takes to complete a degree.At the undergraduate level, students’personal preferences as to size, academic quality and location play a key role in their choice of college or university. At the graduate level, more attention is paid to the reputation of the faculty and department. However,all this effort in America’s higher education is very expensive. Some of the costs come from fees and benefactions, particularly towards research, but most have to be paid from public funds. Parents favor big expenditures on higher education; a wider public opinionfavors them for idealistic and cultural reasons, and because of the supposed value of education as an investment by society.The first universities were developed by private charitable organizations. The private universities are still very important, and most of the best-known institutions, like Harvard, Yale and Princeton, are private. Most of the principal state universities have between 10, 000 and 30, 000 students,