20180114人教版八年级上册英语各单元语法

一复合不定代词

不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫不定代词，它们有some, any, much, many 等以及由every-, some-, any-, no-加上-thing, -body, -one构成的复合不定代词。下面我们主要学习有关复合不定代词的内容。

1、复合不定代词的分类

指物：everything, something, anything, nothing

指人：everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody everyone, someone, anyone, no one

2、复合不定代词的用法

1. ◆some-类的复合不定代词一般用于肯定句中。如：

There is somebody at the door.

◆any-类的复合不定代词一般用于否定句或疑问句中，表示“某事；某物；某人”；也可用

于肯定句或条件从句中，表示“任何东西；任何人”。如：

There isn't anything in the box.

Did you see anybody there?

If anybody comes here, please ask him to wait.

2. 复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：

Everybody knows he sings well.

3. 复合不定代词若有定语(形容词或不定式)修饰时，定语要放在其后。如：

There's nothing new about this.

I want something to eat.

【运用】单项选择

1. —Who taught Zhu Zhiwen to sing?

—________! He learned singing by himself.

A. Everybody

B. Somebody

C. Nobody

2. There is ________ wrong with my back and it hurts seriously.

A. anything

B. something

C. nothing

3. I always believe that ________ is difficult if we try our best to do it.

A. something

B. anything

C. everything

D. nothing

4. —Would you please tell me ________ in today's newspaper?

—Sorry, I haven't read it yet.

A.something important

B. important something

C. anything important

D. important anything

5. —Is there ________ in today's newspaper?

—Yes. A terrible accident happened in Hubei.

A. special something

B. anything special

C. something special

6. When our teacher heard of the news, he was too angry to say ________.

A. everything

B. nothing

C. something

D. anything

二频度副词

频度副词表示事情发生的频率。常见的频度副词有always, sometimes, hardly ever, usually, often, never等。

◆常见的频度副词的频率大小如图所示：

◆频度副词的位置: 频度副词通常放在实义动词之前，系动词、助动词或情态动词之后，但

有些频度副词如sometimes，often等位置比较灵活，还可以放在句首或句尾。如：David usually gets home at about this time.

My sister doesn't always read in the library.

(注意：always 与not连用，表示部分否定，意为“并非总是”。若要表示全部否定，应用never。)

My father sometimes / often works at the weekend.

Sometimes / Often my father works at the weekend.

My father works at the weekend sometimes / often.

◆当对频度副词及表示事件发生频率的短语提问时，常用how often，意为“多久一次”。如：

·Bill never goes to the cinema. (对划线部分提问)

→How often does Bi ll go to the cinema?

·I wash my clothes three times a week. (对划线部分提问)

→How often do you wash your clothes?

1.The teacher hardly gives us a test.

_____ _____ ______ the teacher give you a test?

2.I never get up before five o’clock?

_____ _____ do you get up before five o’clock?

3.Li Tao often has rice for lunch.

_____ _____ Li Tao often _____ for lunch?

4.I usually read English in the morning.

_____ _____ you usually ______ in the morning?

5.My mother goes to see my grandparents twice a month.

_____ _____ _____ your mother _____ to see your grandparents?

Ⅱ. 汉译英

1. 这个女孩总是非常高兴。

_________________________________________

2. 埃里克(Eric)多久打扫一次房间？

_________________________________________

三形容词、副词的原级和比较级

大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：原级、比较级和最高级。本单元我们主要学习形容词、副词的原级和比较级的构成及其用法。

◆原级

形容词、副词的原级即原形。

1. 原级可用于句型“主语+ be / 行为动词+ as + 形容词 / 副词原形+ as +比较对象.”，该句型表

示两者在某一方面相同。当表示一方在某一方面不及另一方时，常用句型“主语+ be + not + as / so + 形容词原形+ as +比较对象.”或“主语+ don't / doesn't / didn't + 行为动词原形+ as / so +副词原形+ as +比较对象.”。如：

This dress is as beautiful as that one.

Tom isn't as / so tall as me.

2. 原级前可用very，quite，too等副词修饰。如：

I'm very hungry.

◆比较级构成

一．形容词比较级的变化

1. 规则变化

（1）在形容词后直接加-er。如：tall-----taller，short------shorter等。

（2）以不发音的字母e结尾的只需在末尾加-r。如：nice------nicer，large-------larger等。

（3）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词，要先把y变成i，然后再加-er。

如：heavy------heavier，happy------happier等。

（4）若以重读闭音节结尾且只有一个辅音字母，先双写这个辅音字母，然后再加-er。

如：fat------fatter，hot------hotter等。

（5）多音节和部分双音节的形容词，可不是在末尾变化，而是在前面加more。

如：careful-----more careful，athletic-------more athletic等。

2. 不规则变化

good /well------better bad /badly-------worse many /much-------more few /little------less

二．形容词比较级的用法

在描述单个的某人或某物所具有的特征时，需要用形容词原级形式，当把两者进行比较时，就用比较级，常见的表示这类用法的句型有：

1.“A+be+比较级+than+B”表示“A在某方面超过B”。如：

This book is dearer than that one. 这本书比那本书贵

2.“Which /Who(se)+be+比较级, A or B?”意思是“A和B，哪个更…….”。如：

Which is bigger, the sun or the earth? 太阳和地球，哪个更大？

Whose bag is heavier, yours or mine? 谁的包重些，你的还是我的？

3.“A+be+the+比较级+of the two(……)”意思是“A是两者中较…….的一个。”这时前面一定要加the，表示特指。如：

Lily is the taller of the twins. 莉莉是双胞胎中个子较高的那个。

三．常与比较级连用的词

1. 前面可以加上a little，a lot，much，even，still等程度副词作修饰语。如：

She is much more careful than her brother. 她比她哥哥细心多了。

2. 前面还可以加表示数量、倍数的修饰语。如：

My brother is two years older than I. 我哥哥比我大两岁。

This room is twice bigger than that one. 这个房间比那个房间大两倍。

Ⅰ. 单项选择

1. Lisa was still very weak (虚弱的) when she left hospital. But after a week's rest, she felt much

______ and went back to school.

A. good

B. better

C. bad

D. worse

2. Liu Li is ______ than the other students in my class.

A. popular

B. more popular

C. the most popular

3. This camera is too expensive. I'd like a ______ one.

A. cheap

B. cheaper

C. cheapest

D. more expensive

4. Look! This house is as ______ as that one.

A. the most beautiful

B. more beautiful

C. beautiful

5. Alex did the project (项目) on community service ______ better than his classmates.

A. so

B. very

C. too

D. much

Ⅱ. 写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级。

1.tall _______ ______

2. late _______ _______

2.big _______ _______ 4. early _______ _______

5 relaxing _______ _______ 6. much _____ ______

7. far ______ ______ 8. bad ______ ______

Ⅲ. 汉译英

1. 谁唱歌唱得更好，你还是你妹妹？

_________________________________________

2. 这件夹克衫没那件贵。

_________________________________________

一．用所给形容词的正确形式填空

1. Who is _________ _________(outgoing), Sam or Tom?

2. The strong young man looks very __________(wild)

3. Is Jack _________(funny) than Bill?

4. Her illness was __________ __________(serious) than the doctor first thought.

5. I got __________ (high) marks than my sister.

二．单项填空

1. English is ________than Japanese in China.

A. popular

B. popularer

C. more popular

D. much popular

2.The two boys like sports very much. They are very ________.

A. unhealthy

B. athletic

C. more athletic

D. healthier

3.Mary is _________ at English than her brother.

A. better

B. best

C. good

D. well

4.The boy is __________ than me, but he eats __________than me.

A. younger; more

B. young ; much

C. young; many

D. more young ;more

5.Lesson Ten is ___________than Lesson Nine.

A. difficult

B. more difficult

C. difficulter

D. very difficult

三．改为同义句

1. Tom is 10 years old. Sam is 15 years old.

Sam is ________ ________ Tom.

Tom is ________ ________ Sam.

2.My father is taller than my mother.

My mother is ________ ________ my father.

3.His bag is bigger than hers.

Her bag isn’t __________ _________ __________ his.

四形容词、副词的最高级

当三者或三者以上(人或物)进行比较，其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个时用最高级，最高级表示“最……”。

◆构成

1.形容词最高级的构成

（1）规则变化

1)在形容词后直接加-est，如：tall-----tallest，short-----shortest 等。

2)以不发音的字母e结尾的只需在末尾加-est，如：nice-----nestest，large------largest等。

3)以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，要先把y变成i，然后再加-est，如：heavy-----heaviest，happy-----happiest。

4)若以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写这个辅音字母，然后再加-est，如：fat----fattest，hot-----hottest等。

5)多音节和部分双音节的形容词，可不是在末尾变化，而是在前面加most。如：careful -----most careful athletic------most athletic等。

（2）不规则变化

good /well-----best bad /badly -------worst many /much -------most little /few ------least

2.形容词最高级的用法

当需要对三者或三者以上的人事物进行比较，表示“最………”的含义时，需要用形容词的最高级。在使用最高级时应注意以下几点：

（1）最高级通常要加定冠词，但前面有物主代词、名词所有格等修饰时，则不用定冠词。如：Jim is Mike’s best friend. 吉姆是迈克最好的朋友。

（2）常与介词in或of引导的短语连用。in后面是比较范围，of后面是比较对象。如：

She is the oldest of these children. 她是这些孩子中年龄最大的。

Lily is the youngest in her class. 莉莉在她班里年龄最小。

（3）最高级前可用序数词，二者共同修饰后面的名词，其结构为：the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词单数。如：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China . 黄河是中国的第二长的河。

（4）最高级前可加one of ，即：one of +the +形容词最高级+名词复数，表示最……..的之一。如：

He is one of the smartest students in this school. 他是这所学校中最聪明的学生之一

（5）有时被最高级修饰的名词前还可用不定冠词，但这时不含比较的意思，只是表示非常，很。如：Their performance was a greatest success. 他们的演出非常成功。

一．单项填空

1.I did all the work. I ‘m _________ of all.

A. more tired

B. the most tired

C. tiredest

D. tireder

2. Yesterday was not _________than today .

A. much hot

B. more better

C. the hotter

D. hotter

3. Of the two American students, Emma is ________one. I think you can find her easily.

A. tallest

B. the taller

C. taller

D. the tallest

4. Hainan is a very large island. It’s the second __________ island in China.

A. large

B. larger

C. largest

D. most large

5. Xi’an is one of ___________ capital _________ in China.

A. older ; city

B. the older ; city

C. oldest ; cities

D. the oldest ; cities

二．用所给形容词的适当形式填空

1.The seats in the middle of the cinema are ________ of all. (good)

2.Of all the boys Tom spent _________ time and made _________ mistakes(错误).(little , few )

3.Miss Li is one of __________teachers in our school.(popular)

4.Jim is ___________ than all the other students in the class. He is _________ of all.(tall )

Ⅰ. 单项选择

1. Emma looked after her pet dog ________ of all her friends.

A. careful

B. most careful

C. more carefully

D. the most carefully

2. —The scarves (围巾) are all beautiful. I can't decide which one to choose.

—Oh, look at this red one. I think it's ________.

A. beautiful

B. more beautiful

C. the most beautiful

D. less beautiful

3. In North America, ________ meat eaters are bears (熊) and mountain lions. They eat smaller

animals such as rabbits and mice.

A. smallest

B. the smallest

C. largest

D. the largest

4. It wasn't ________ match, but at least we won!

A. the most interesting

B. more interesting

C. interesting

5. He likes Sunday ________ in a week because it is his happiest time to play football.

A. better

B. well

C. best

Ⅱ. 写出下列形容词或副词的最高级。

1. wet __________

2. lucky __________

3. wonderful __________

4. far __________

5. fine __________

6. loudly __________

Ⅲ. 完成句子，每空一词。

1. 这些夹克衫中，哪件最便宜？

Which is ________ ________ ________ the jackets?

2. 这些男孩中，谁最不勤奋？

Who is ________ ________ ________ of these boys?

五初识不定式

不定式有两种形式：一种是带to的不定式，即to + 动词原形；一种是不带to的不定式，即动词原形。不定式(短语)在句中不能单独用作谓语，但可以用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。在本单元我们主要学习带to的不定式(短语)作宾语的用法。

◆带to的不定式(短语)在句中可作宾语。如：

Tina hopes to arrive at about 4 p.m.

Peter expects to travel to Hong Kong.

◆目前学过的可跟带to的不定式（短语）作宾语的动词有like, love, want, hope, wish, expect, decide, try, plan, forget, remember, start, help, need, learn, seem等。

【运用】根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空一词。

1. 我弟弟昨天学游泳了。

My brother __________ __________ __________ yesterday.

2. 她父母打算一周锻炼五次。

Her parents __________ __________ __________ five times a week.

3. 那个小男孩想买一个新玩具。

The little boy __________ __________ __________ a new toy.

Ⅱ. 根据括号内的要求完成下列各题，每空一词。

1. I want to go fishing this weekend. (改为一般疑问句)

_________ _________ _________ to go fishing this weekend?

2. How do you like talk shows? (改为同义句)

_________ _________ you _________ _________ talk shows?

3. Jenny likes this show because it's funny. (对划线部分提问)

_________ _________ Jenny _________ this show?

4. My father plans to go camping tomorrow. (对划线部分提问)

_________ _________ your father ________ to ________ tomorrow?

六be going to结构

be going to结构可表示打算、计划做某事；也可表示现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某事。常和表示将来的时间状语next year, tomorrow, in the future, later on, in +时间段等连用。

◆结构：be going to后接动词原形，其中be根据主语的变化而变化。如：

I am going to buy a bike next year.

The wind is blowing hard. It's going to rain.

They are going to visit the museum tomorrow.

◆否定式及疑问式：be going to结构的否定式是在be后面加not；疑问式是将be提到主语

前面。如：

Bob isn't going to drive to Beijing tomorrow morning.

The Browns are going to move to their new house this weekend. → Are the Browns going to move to their new house this weekend?

【温馨提示】

当be going to结构用于含时间状语从句的复合句中时，主句用 be going to结构，从句常用一般现在时表示将来。如：

Where are they going to live when they leave here?

Ⅰ. 单项选择

1. —What's your plan for the new term?

—I ________ a foreign language.

A. will be learn

B. am going to learn

C. learning

2. Hurry up! The sky is covered with black clouds. I'm afraid it ________.

A. rains

B. is going to rain

C. rained

D. was raining

Ⅱ. 完成句子，每空词数不限。

1. 明天我们不打算去看电影。

We _______________________ a film tomorrow.

2. 你打算成为一名记者吗？

_______________________ a reporter?

3. 当我长大后，我打算在广播电台工作。

When I _______________________, I _______________________ at a radio station.

Ⅱ. 根据括号内的要求完成下列各题，每空一词。

1. Simon joined the sports club last month. (用next month替换last month改写句子)

Simon ________ ________ ________ ________ the sports club next month.

2. My sister is going to work at the TV station. (改为一般疑问句)

________ your sister ________ ________ ________ at the TV station?

3. Peter is going to be a worker after he finishes high school. (对划线部分提问)

________ ________ Peter going to be a worker?

4. The Millers are going to move to London. (对划线部分提问)

________ ________ the Millers going to ________?

5. Mrs. Black's daughters want to be teachers. (对划线部分提问)

________ ________ Mrs. Black's daughters ________ to be?

七一般将来时

◆用法：通常表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示将来的时间状语“in+

时间段”, next week, tomorrow, later on等连用。

◆构成：由“助动词will+动词原形”构成。如：

I will live in a different country.

I won’t arrive before 7:30.

—Will Mary be here next week?

—Yes, she will. / No, she won’t.

注意：对“in+时间段”进行提问时，要用how soon, 意为“多久以后”。如：

Alice will go to work in a week. → How soon will Alice go to work?

【拓展】

there be句型的一般将来时: There will be ... 表示“将有……”。如：

There will be more cars in the future.

我们还学过There is / are going to be ...，它也可表示“将有……”。如：

There is going to be a music festival tomorrow.

注意：There will be / There is / are going to be ...中的be不能改为have。

Ⅰ. 单项选择

1. —Have you finished the poster (海报) for the party?

—Not yet. I ________ it in two days.

A. finish

B. finished

C. will finish

2. —My aunt ________ me to Europe for vacation next month.

—Have a good time!

A. take

B. took

C. will take

3. I fell in love with (爱上) Shanghai on my first trip, so I decide I ________ in it in 10 years.

A. will live

B. lives

C. lived

D. has lived

4. —________ can you finish your homework?

—In about one and a half hours.

A. How fast

B. How soon

5. —________ will the breakfast be ready?

—Just a minute.

A. How much

B. How long

C. How soon

Ⅱ. 完成句子，每空一词(含缩略形式)。

1. I'll meet you at the hotel tomorrow. (改为否定句)

I _________ _________ you at the hotel tomorrow.

2. The visitors will arrive before 2 o'clock. (改为一般疑问句并补全肯定答语)

—_________ the visitors _________ before 2 o'clock?

—Yes, _________ _________.

Ⅲ. 根据括号内的要求完成下列各题，每空一词(含缩略形式)。

1. The students will have a party in the hall. (改为一般疑问句并补全否定答语)

—________ the students ________ a party in the hall?

—No, ________ ________.

2. There will be a supermarket near here. (改为同义句)

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ a supermarket near here.

3. The Smiths will arrive next Sunday. (改为否定句)

The Smiths ________ ________ next Sunday.

4. Our city will be more and more beautiful. (对划线部分提问)

_________ will our city be _________?

八可数名词和不可数名词

名词分为可数名词和不可数名词两大类。大多数名词为可数名词，有单复数之分，而不可数名词没有复数形式。

1.可数名词变复数分为规则变化和不规则变化两种：

(1)规则变化

1)一般名词变复数时，直接加-s。如：book----books pen-----pens hat-----hats

2)以字母-s，-x，-sh，-ch结尾的名词，在词尾加-es。如：

bus----buses glass----glasses class-----classes box------boxes fox------foxes watch------watches brush-----brushes dish------dishes wish------wishes

3)以-f，-fe结尾的，把f，fe变为v，再加-es。如：

leaf-----leaves half-----halves self-----selves wife-----wives knife-----knives wolf------wolves shelf------shelves thief------thieves life------lives 可把以上九个以-f，-fe结尾的词串成这样的一句口诀记忆：

树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己(self)黄，妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去杀狼(wolf)，架(shelf)后小偷(thief)逃命(life)忙。

注意：有些词虽然也是以-f结尾，但复数形式却是直接加-s。如：

roof(屋顶)-----roofs belief(信仰)------beliefs proof(证据)------proofs handkerchief(手帕)------handkerchiefs

4)以“辅音字母+-y”结尾的，先变y为i，再加-es。如：family-----families lady-----ladies city------cities

5)以-o结尾的，有时加-es，有时加-s

加-es的可串成口诀记忆：黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)爱吃西红柿(tomato)和土豆(potato)。

注意：千克的复数形式为kilos。如：I weight 52 kilos. 我的体重是52公斤。

(2)不规则变化

有些名词变复数时属于不规则变化，这种变化是通过改变单词中的某个字母或在词尾加后缀构成的。

1)该a为e型：

man------men woman------women Englishman------Englishmen Englishwoman-------Englishwomen Frenchman-------Frenchmen Frenchwoman------Frenchwomen policeman------policemen policewoman------policewomen

2)该oo为ee型：foot------feet tooth------teeth goose------geese

3)在词尾加-ren。如：child------children

4)其他特殊变化。如：mouse-----mice

2.不可数名词及其量的表示法：

(1)不可数名词包括：

物质名称：食物：bread meat rice cheese fish beef

饮料：milk water cola coffee wine tea

自然物质：air soil sand wood

抽象名词：情感：love peace friendship joy happiness

概念：exercise knowledge energy population

学科：math geography physics chemistry

(2)不可数名词的量的表示法：

如果要表达出不可数名词具体的数量，可以通过“计量词+of+不可数名词”来表示。若想表达量的复数概念，只需把计量词变为复数形式即可。如：

a piece of paper 一张纸ten pieces of paper 十张纸 a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡two cups of coffee 两杯咖啡

a piece of news 一条消息two pieces of news 两条消息 a drop of ink 一滴墨水three drops of ink三滴墨水

a bottle of milk 一瓶牛奶five bottles of milk 五瓶牛奶a bag of rice 一袋大米twenty bags of rice 二十袋大米

(3)可数名词与不可数名词的区别及其应用：

1)可数名词单数可用修饰，复数可用基数词及some，any，few，a few，many，a lot of等来修饰。

不可数名词不能直接用数词修饰，需用“基数词+计量词+of”结构，也可用some，any，little，a little，much

a lot of来修饰。

2)用how many询问可数名词数量的多少。用how much询问不可数名词数量的多少。

3)单个单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；多个单数名词或复数名词作主语，谓语动词要用复数。

不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。但当其前有“基数词+计量词+of”时，谓语动词依计量词而定。

特别提醒：有些名词既是可数名词，又是不可数名词，但两种情况下的含义是不同的。如fish作可数名词表

单项选择

1. There's little ________ left at home. Go and buy some, dear.

A. carrots

B. potatoes

C. rice

2. —________ pocket money (零花钱) do you usually get every month?

—Fifty yuan. What about you?

A. How often

B. How long

C. How many

D. How much

3. —________ apples do we need to make fruit salad?

—Let me think ... We need three apples.

A. How long

B. How often

C. How much

D. How many

Ⅲ. 根据括号内的要求完成下列各题，每空一词(含缩略形式)。

1. First, you should clean your room. (改为祈使句)

First, ________ ________ room.

2. Remember to add some sugar to the soup. (改为同义句)

_________ _________ _________ _________ any sugar to the soup.

3. Can you tell me how to make pancakes? (改为同义句)

Can you tell me _________ _________ _________ make pancakes?

4. I drank two cups of green tea. (对划线部分提问)

_________ _________ green tea did you drink?

5. That young man ate three bowls of rice. (对划线部分提问)

_________ _________ _________ of rice did that young man eat?

九再识情态动词can

七年级下册我们已经学过情态动词can表示能力。本单元我们主要学习情态动词can表示请求和可能性。

◆can表示请求时，可用来发出邀请，相当于Would you like to ...?，这时答语比较灵活。如果接受邀请，答语可用Sure, it sounds great. / Sure, I'd love to.等；如果拒绝邀请，答语可用Sorry, I must / have to ... / I'm afraid not. / Sorry, I can't. / I'd love to, but ...等。如：

—Can you go to the zoo with me?

—Sure, I'd love to. / Sorry, I have to study for my tests.

◆can还可表示一种“可能性”，可用来询问打听第三方能否参加某项活动。其句型为Can he / she / they ...?，这类问句的肯定答语为Yes, he / she / they can.；否定答语为No, he / she / they can't. / No, he / she is / they are not available.等。如：

—Can Bob go to Anna's party?

—Yes, he can. / No, he's not available. He has to look after his grandpa.

【运用】

1. —Can you come to my party on Wednesday? —Sorry, I _______. I have a piano lesson.

A. can't

B. couldn't

C. mustn't

2. —_______ you tell us a story in English? —Certainly!

A. Must

B. Should

C. Can

Ⅱ. 汉译英

1. ——你愿意和我去野营吗？——当然，我很乐意。

___________________________________ ________________________________

2. ——比尔(Bill)能和我们一起去看电影吗?——不，他不能。他得练习钢琴。

_____________________________________ __________________________________

一．单项填空

1. -----________ you go to the music lesson?

-----Sorry, I can’t.

A. Do

B. Can

C. Must

D. May

2. That’s easy. I _______ do that tomorrow.

A. can

B. may

C. must

D. have to

二．句型转换

1. She can go to the basketball game. (给为一般疑问句并作否定回答)

------_________ she go to the basketball game? ------ No, she ________.

2.Jeff can come to the party. (改为否定句)

Jeff ________ come to the party.

3.Can you come to my party on Saturday? (作肯定和否定回答)

______________________________ _______________

十if引导的条件状语从句

含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句表示假如有从句动作的发生，就会有主句动作的发生。

★通常情况下，如果主句用一般将来时，if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时。如：If he misses the last bus, he'll have to walk home.

★如果主句是祈使句或者主句的谓语部分含有情态动词，if引导的条件状语从句也常用一般现在时。如：

If anyone calls, tell them I'm very busy.

【链接】本单元我们还学了连词unless，可意为“除非；如果不”，通常可以和if ... not互换使用。

He won't go to sleep unless you tell him a story.

=He won't go to sleep if you don't tell him a story.

1. —The students of Grade 9 in Changchun have to take part in the P.E. test from 2016. —Yes, _______ you want to pass it and be stronger, practice more.

A. until

B. if

C. unless

D. or

2. —I think everyone should play a part in saving our environment.

—I agree. For example, there will be less air pollution _______ we drive less.

A. if

B. so

C. though

3. Our world will get better and better _______ each of us lives a greener life.

A. before

B. if

C. though

D. until

4. The nurse won't leave her patients ______ she's sure they are all taken good care of.

A. unless

B. because

C. since

D. if

II . 根据句意及括号内所给词的提示填空。

1. If Steve ________(spend) more time on his study, he ________(get) better grades.

2. If Ken ________(not work) hard, Mr. Rice ________(send) him away from his restaurant.

3. Dave, if you ________(ride) too fast, something bad may happen to you.

4. If Mark and Linda ________(not help) Kate, that girl ________(not finish) the work on time.

5. I ________(not go) to her party tomorrow if Jill ________(not invite) me.

IV. 根据括号内的要求完成下列各题，每空一词(含缩略形式)。

1. Kathy will walk to the bus station. It'll take her long. (改为if引导的条件句)

________ Kathy ________ to the bus station, it ________ ________ her long.

2. It will be rainy tomorrow. Jimmy and his friends won't go camping. (改为if引导的条件句) _______ _______ ________ ________ tomorrow, Jimmy and his friends _______ go camping.

3. We should shout for help. (改为一般疑问句)

________ ________ ________ for help?

4. I won't get that computer if I don't have enough money. (对划线部分提问)

________ ________ ________ if you don't have enough money?

一复合不定代词

答案1-3 CBD 4-6 ABD

. 1. something 2. nothing 3. yourself 4. myself 5. someone

二频度副词

答案：1. How often does 2. How often 3. What does have 4. What do do 5.How often does go

Ⅱ. 1. This girl is always happy.2. How often does Eric clean his room?

三形容词、副词的原级和比较级

Ⅰ. 1-5 BBBCD

Ⅱ. 1. taller 2. later 3. bigger 4. earlier 5. more relaxing 6. more 7. farther / further 8.

worse Ⅲ. 1. Who sings better, you or your sister?

2.This jacket is less expensive / isn't more expensive than that one. 或 This jacket isn't as / so expensive as that one.

一. 1. more outgoing 2. wild 3. funnier 4. more serious

二. 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. B

三. 1. older than, younger than 2. shorter than 3. as big as

四形容词、副词的最高级

一.1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. D

二. 1. the best 2. least, fewest 3. the most popular 4. taller, the tallest

Ⅰ. 1-5 DCDAC

Ⅱ. 1. wettest 2. luckiest 3. most wonderful 4. farthest / furthest 5. finest

6. most loudly

Ⅲ. 1. the cheapest of 2. the least hard-working

五初始不定式

Ⅱ. 1. Do you want 2. What do; think of

3. Why does; like

4. What does; plan; do

六be going to结构

Ⅰ. 1-2 BB

Ⅱ. 1. are not going to watch / see 2. Are you going to be

3. grow up; am going to work

III. 1. is going to join 2. Is; going to work 3. When is 4. Where are; move 5. What do; want

七一般将来时

Ⅰ. 1-5 CCABCⅡ. 1. won't meet 2. Will; arrive; they will

Ⅲ. 1. Will; have; they won't 2. There is going to be 3. won't arrive 4. What; like

八可数名词和不可数名词

一. 1. an onion 2. six tomatoes 3. two cups of coffee 4. three teaspoons of relish

5. ten bottles of yogurt

6. four pieces of bread

7. six women doctors

8. five boy students

二. 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A

1-4 CBDD

Ⅲ. 1. clean your 2. Don't forget to add

3. the way to

4. How much

5. How many bowls

九can 的用法

Ⅰ. 1-2 AC

Ⅱ. 1. —Can you go camping with me?

—Sure, I'd love to.

2. —Can Bill go to the movies with us?

—No, he can't. He has to practice the piano.

十if从句

答案

Ⅰ. 1-4 BABA

Ⅱ. 1. comes; will let 2. doesn't rain; will drive

Ⅲ. 1. If; walks; will take 2. If it is rainy; won't

3. Should we shout

4. What will happen

八年级下册英语语法知识点

1、Smell的用法smell作系动词后面跟形容词作表语例子：Themilkintheabitsour.瓶里的牛奶闻起来有点酸 2、What引导感叹句句型：what[a/an]+形容词+名词/名词性短语+主语+谓语 3、youlike....Wouldlike意为想要可以直接跟宾语Wouldyoulike....意为：你想要.....吗？回答为yes.../no...例子：Wouldyoulikesomenoodles 4、Try的用法作名词意为：努力，尝试。常用短语haveatry：试试看try还可以做动词意为：尝试，努力。常用结构：trydoingsth(尽力去做某事）/trytodosth（尝试去做某事） 5、Hearfromsb的用法意为：收到某人的来信相当于get/receivealetterformsb.注意：hearfrom 的宾语是人，而get与receive的宾语是事物 6、Can’twaittodosth.的用法Can’twaittodosth意为：迫不及待做某事列子：Summerholidayiscoming.Childrencan’twaittogobackhome.暑假快到了，孩子们都迫不及待地回家了。 7、With具有；带有(1)with作介词，意为：具有；带有列子：Idreamofabighousewithanicegarden 我梦想拥有一个带花园的大房子(2)with+宾语+宾语补足语表示方式或伴随情况。宾语补足语由形容词、分词或介词短语来充当。列子：Helefttheroomwiththedooropen 他没关门就离开了房间。 8、Spend的用法(1)spendtime／moneyonsth.在……上花费时间(金钱).例子：Ispenttwohoursonthismathsproblem.这道数学题花了我两个小时.(2)spendtime／money(in)doingsth.花费时间(金钱)做某事.例子：Theyspenttwoyears(in)buildingthisbridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间.(3)spendmoneyforsth.花钱买…….(某物)例子：Hismoneywasspentforbooks.他的钱用来买书了. 9、Beproudof.....意为为...而感到骄傲无论什么情况都不用主格，因为是做介词of的宾语，只能用宾格。如果主语和of后的词指代的是同一个人，就可以用反身代词，如：I'mproudofmyself.Youareproudofyourself.Heisproudofhimself.如果主语和of后的词指代的不是同一个人，不可用反身代词。如：I'mproudofyou.Youareproudofhim. 感官系动词感官系动词主要有feellooksmellsoundtaste。作为系动词这些词本身含有词义，但不能单独作为谓语，后面必须跟形容词构成表系结构，说明主语的状况、性质、特征等 10、Whatdo/doessb.looklike的用法Whatdo/doessb.looklike某人长什么样常用来形容外貌拓展：whatis/aresb.Like的用法whatis/aresb.Like意为某人怎么样？常用来形容性格 11、Close的用法close意为靠近；接近（1）close可作为副词列子：Wesatclosetogether.我们紧挨着坐在一起（2）close作形容词表示空间、时间上的接近相当于never。句型；becloseto意为：离....很近（3）close可作为动词意为：关闭反义词：open 12、While的用法while意为：当....的时候(1)while作连词引导时间状语从句，强调句中的动作与主句中的动作同时发生，但持续时间较长或主句的动作在从句的动作过程中发生。(2)while还可以用来表示对比，连接两个并列句子，对比某两件事物。 13、When的用法when引导的时间状语从句when意为：当(在)......的时候既可以连接一个时间点，又可以连接一个时间段。When引导的从句中的谓语多用终止性(瞬间)动词，主从句的动作可以同时发生也可以有先后顺序发生。列子：WhenIgotback,Ifoundmymothercookingforme.当我回家时，我发现妈妈正在为我做饭。 现在完成时的重点和难点 一、现在完成时的“完成用法”和“未完成用法”

初二英语语法学习归纳

初二英语语法大全 一. 知识点： 一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。 be going to do （动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain. will do 结构表示将来的用法： 1. 表示预见 Do you think it will rain? You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下： 一般疑问句构成： （1）will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? （2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won?t 否定句构成：will + not （won’t）+do Sarah won?t come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成： 特殊疑问词＋will＋主语＋…？What will Sarah do next Sunday? 根据例句，用will改写下列各句 例：I don’t feel well today. （be better tomorrow） I?ll be better tomorrow. 1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight） _____________________________ 2. I’m tired now. （sleep later） _____________________________ 3. My parents need a new car. （buy one soon） _____________________________ 4. We can’t leave right now. （leave a little later） _____________________________ 5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow） _____________________________ 答案：1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight. 2. I?ll sleep later. 3. They?ll buy one soon. 4. We?ll leave a little later. 5. Maybe it?ll be better tomorrow. （二）should的用法： should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should后边加not. 例如：I think you should eat less junk food. 我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。 She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot.

人教版八年级上册英语知识点汇总

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初二英语语法总结大全

初二期末英语必考的十二大语法点 一. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级 1. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则 （1）单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节单词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est。 ①单音节单词 small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest ②少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节单词 clever→cleverer→cleverest

narrow→narrower→narrowest （2）以不发音e结尾的单音节单词，比较级在原形后加-r，最高级在 原级后加-st。 large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest （3）以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）单词中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。 big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest （4）以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。 easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest

busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest （5）其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most。 beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful different→more different→most different easily→more easily→most easily （6）有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。 good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst old→older/elder→oldest/eldest many/much→more→most little→less→least far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest

初二英语语法知识点总结

1.want sb to do sth 想要某人干某事 2.try to do sth 尽力干某事 3. try not to do sth 尽力不干某事 4. try one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力干某事 5. try on 试穿have a try 试一试 6. although /though 引导让步状语从句，“即使，虽然”，不能与but 连用，但可与yet, still 连用。 7.finish doing sth 结束干某事 8.can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待地干某事 9.decide to do sth 决定干某事decide not to do sth 决定不干某事.decide on doing sth 决定干某事同义词组: make a decision to do sth = make up one’s mind to do sth = decide to do sth 10.plan to do sth 计划干某事11.think about doing sth 考虑干某事12.go + v-ing 的用法: 13.:It’s + adj +for /of sb to do sth 同义句：1).I t’s +adj +for sb +to do sth = To do sth + be +adj 2).It’s +adj +of sb +to do sth = Sb +be +adj + to do sth 14. 1).take the train to …=go to …by train take the bus to …= go to …by bus 2).fly to …= go to …by plane /air walk to …. = go to …on foot ride a bike to …= go to …. by bike My uncle went to New York last week . 15. 1).It +takes +sb.+时间+to do sth 2).sb. +spend +时间+on sth (in doing sth ). 16. A +be +距离+from +sb = It’s +距离+from A+ to sb. 17.leave ,leave for , leave …for …1).leave +地点“离开某地”2).leave for +地点“前往某地”=go to +某地3).leave +某地+for +某地“离开某地前往某地” 18.all …not = not all “并非都”部分否定注：not 与all /both /every ….. 连用构成部分否定。19.the number of / a number of 1).a number of 许多= a lot of /many , number 前可用large /small 来修饰，a large / small number of ….. 作主语时，谓语用复数。2).the number of ….的数量, 作主语时，谓语用单数。20. 1).ill 用在系动词之后作表语。 2).sick 既可以放在系动词之后作表语也可放在名词之前作定语。21.表示客气地请求某人干某事1). Would you like to do sth ? 2).Could you please do sth ? 3).Will /Would you please do sth ? 4).Can you do sth ? 22. 1). be busy with sth .忙于某事2).be busy doing sth 忙于干某事3).be busy 的反义词组be free / have time I am busy tomorrow 23. 1).whole 一般置于冠词，物主代词或其他限定词之后，all 位于限定词之前。2).一般不修饰不可数名词，all 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。24.however / but however “然而，可是”用于句首或句中，须用逗号隔开。而but 不用逗号隔开。25. 1).most of the +复数名词“…..中的大多数”2).most +复数名词“大多数的…….” 26. 1).beat:打败后面接打败的人或对象beat sb 2).win:赢后面接比赛的项目(race , game , match , prize …..) 3).lose:输lose to sb 输给某人lose sth 输了某物27.do you think 作为插入语1).位置：放在疑问词之后2).语序：后面的句子用陈述句语序。 28.常见的不可数名词：weather work food news advice information fun music paper water 29. 1).afford 常与情态动词can , can’t , could , couldn’t 连用2).afford 后面接名词或代词不定时。3).同义句：can’t afford to do sth = sb don’t /doesn’t have enough money to do sth . 30. 1).listen to …仔细倾听强调听的过程2).hear …听到、听见强调听的结果3).sound …. 系动词“听起来…….”后面接形容词而sound like +名词31. 1).not as…as 之间要用原级2).同义句：A + not as/so…as +B= A + 形容词的反义词的比较级+ than + B = B + 形容词的比较级+ than +A 32. finally = at last = in the end Finally he came up with an idea 33.turn on / open 的区别：1.turn on ：指打开水流，煤气，电灯，电视，收音机等电器的开关。 2.open：指关着的门，窗，箱子打开。 34.into/ in 的区别： 1.into表示“到……里面去”，进入到……某空间里。属于动态介词。 2.in表示“在……里面”，在某一空间或范围之内。属于静态介词。 35. too…to…= not…enough to …= so…that…. 36.：called = named = with the name (of) ?37. 1.see sb do sth :看见某人做了某事 2.see sb doing sth .看见某人正在做某事(注)：类似的动词有：hear ,watch ,notice 等。省to的不定式变被动语态时，需带上