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【国际经济学专题考试试卷十九】Earnings and Discrimination

Chapter 19

Earnings and Discrimination

TRUE/FALSE

1. A compensating differential refers to a difference in wages that arises from nonmonetary characteristics. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Compensating differentials MSC: Definitional

2. A compensating differential is a difference in wages due to higher levels of education or other forms of human

capital.

ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 19-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Compensating differentials MSC: Definitional

3. The fact that doctors are paid more than economics professors is an example of a compensating differential. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 19-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Compensating differentials MSC: Definitional

4. A computer is an example of productivity-enhancing human capital.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Human capital

MSC: Definitional

5. Higher levels of human capital are correlated with higher earnings because firms are willing to pay more for

better-educated workers who have higher marginal productivities.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Human capital

MSC: Interpretive

6. As a result of an increase in the earnings gap between skilled and unskilled jobs, the incentive to get a college

education has been declining.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skills

MSC: Interpretive

7. The rising gap in wages between unskilled and skilled workers is most likely related to a larger increase in

demand for unskilled occupations relative to skilled occupations.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skills

MSC: Interpretive

8. One hypothesis to explain the rising gap in wages between unskilled and skilled workers in the United States

is that international trade has altered the relative demands for skilled and unskilled workers.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skills

MSC: Interpretive

9. The statement that "the rich get richer, and the poor get poorer" is supported by evidence of an expanding

wage gap between high-skill and low-skill workers.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 19-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skills

MSC: Interpretive

10. Some economists suggest that international trade has led to an expanding wage gap between high-skill and

low-skill workers in the United States.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skills

MSC: Interpretive

1287

1288 Chapter 19/Earnings and Discrimination

11. It is increasingly clear that technological change, rather than international trade, has been largely responsible

for an expanding wage gap between high-skill and low-skill workers.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skills

MSC: Interpretive

12. The United States is losing manufacturing jobs to countries like China and India, where manufacturing jobs

have increased 30 percent since 1995.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skills

MSC: Applicative

13. Since 1995, global manufacturing employment has declined, yet global industrial output has risen.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skills

MSC: Applicative

14. One explanation for the loss in manufacturing jobs is that new technologies have replaced the need for some

workers.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skills

MSC: Applicative

15. The demand for workers with excellent problem-solving skills is increasing, as are the wages for those

workers.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skills

MSC: Applicative

16. One reason why better-looking workers may have higher earnings is that physical attractiveness may enhance

a worker’s productivity for certain jobs, especially for those workers who deal with the public.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Beauty premium

MSC: Interpretive

17. One reason why better-looking workers may have higher earnings is that physical attractiveness is correlated

with intelligence.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Beauty premium

MSC: Interpretive

18. The signaling theory of education maintains that workers who complete specific levels of education signal

their high productivity to potential to employers.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Signaling

MSC: Definitional

19. The signaling theory of education maintains that workers who complete specific levels of education enhance

their productivity through education.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Signaling

MSC: Definitional

20. If the signaling theory of education is correct, then education is correlated with higher earnings because people

with higher levels of education are more productive.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Signaling

MSC: Interpretive

Chapter 19/Earnings and Discrimination 1289 21. The human-capital theory of education maintains that workers who complete specific levels of education

enhance their productivity through education.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Human capital | Signaling

MSC: Definitional

22. Education and on-the-job training are sources of human capital.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 19-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Human capital

MSC: Applicative

23. The superstar phenomenon explains why professional athletes earn more than amateur athletes.

ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 19-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Superstar phenomenon

MSC: Definitional

24. Superstars earn high incomes due to their ability to satisfy the demands of millions of people at once.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Superstars

MSC: Interpretive

25. An effective minimum wage law will increase the quantity of labor demanded.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Above-equilibrium wages

MSC: Applicative

26. Labor unions will raise the quantity of labor demanded.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Unions

MSC: Applicative

27. Efficiency wages will raise the quantity of labor supplied to the market.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Efficiency wages

MSC: Applicative

28. Efficiency wages decrease employee effort.

ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 19-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Above-equilibrium wages

MSC: Interpretive

29. Efficiency wages decrease employee turnover.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 19-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Above-equilibrium wages

MSC: Interpretive

30. Economic theory of labor markets suggests that wages are governed by labor supply and labor demand. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 19-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Wages

MSC: Applicative

31. Empirical evidence suggests that ability, effort, and chance are not likely to be significant contributors to wage

differences.

ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 19-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Wages

MSC: Interpretive

32. Discrimination is a reflection of some people's prejudice against certain groups in society.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 19-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Discrimination

MSC: Definitional

1290 Chapter 19/Earnings and Discrimination

33. Differences in human capital among groups of workers is possibly a reflection of past discrimination.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 19-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Discrimination

MSC: Interpretive

34. Discrimination is an emotionally charged issue that is impossible to study objectively.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Discrimination

MSC: Interpretive

35. When differences in human capital among workers lead to discrimination, the differences are typically a result

of social or political processes rather than economic processes.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Discrimination

MSC: Interpretive

36. When comparing average wages for black and white workers in the United States, wages paid to black

workers have been about 20 percent less than those paid to white workers.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discrimination MSC: Applicative

37. When comparing average wages for male and female workers in the United States, wages paid to females have

been about 40 percent less than those paid to male workers.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discrimination MSC: Applicative

38. Politicians often point to average wage differentials as evidence of labor-market discrimination against ethnic

minorities and women; however, economists argue against this approach because they don't trust any of the statistics quoted by the politicians.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discrimination MSC: Interpretive

39. Politicians often point to wage differentials as evidence of labor-market discrimination against ethnic

minorities and women; however, economists argue against this approach because people differ in the kinds of work they are willing and able to do.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discrimination MSC: Interpretive

40. Economists would argue that the gender wage gap is narrowing because of efficiency wages.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-2 | 19-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets

TOP: Labor-market discrimination | Efficiency wages MSC: Interpretive

41. All differences in wages that are not accounted for by differences in human-capital investment are likely to be

a result of discrimination.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discrimination MSC: Interpretive

42. In a labor market free from discrimination, wages for workers that are employed by the same company will

still differ.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2 | 19-1

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets

TOP: Labor-market discrimination | Human capital MSC: Interpretive

Chapter 19/Earnings and Discrimination 1291 43. Evidence of discrimination is most apparent when one compares wages among broad groups.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discrimination MSC: Interpretive

44. When discrimination occurs as a result of prejudice, firms do not maximize profits.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discrimination MSC: Interpretive

45. Consumers are often a primary source of discrimination in labor markets.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discrimination MSC: Interpretive

46. Discrimination is usually not a profit-maximizing strategy.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Discrimination

MSC: Interpretive

47. One example of labor-market discrimination is that firms may be less likely to interview job-market

candidates whose names suggest that they are members of a racial minority.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discrimination MSC: Interpretive

48. If people with blue eyes earn more than people with brown eyes, we have proof of discrimination against

people with brown eyes.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Discrimination

MSC: Interpretive

49. Profit-maximizing, competitive firms will not discriminate in the hiring of workers unless consumers exercise

a preference for discrimination in product markets or governments mandate discrimination.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discrimination MSC: Interpretive

50. Streetcar owners in the early 20th century were against segregation for profit maximizing reasons.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Discrimination

MSC: Interpretive

51. Experimental evidence indicates women choose less competitive environments than men.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2

NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Gender differences

MSC: Interpretive

SHORT ANSWER

1. After graduating from college, you receive job offers from five different accounting firms. All job offers have

a different compensation package. Is it irrational for you to accept an offer that doesn't provide the highest

level of monetary compensation? Use the concept of compensating differentials to explain your answer. ANS:

Compensating differentials refer to differences in job characteristics across different occupations. But compensating differentials can also lead to differences in job characteristics within an occupation. Such considerations may include geographic location and quality-of-life issues associated with a particular job offer. Thus, it is not irrational to consider nonmonetary compensation.

DIF: 2 REF: 19-1 NAT: Reflective

LOC: Labor markets TOP: Compensating differentials

MSC: Analytical

1292 Chapter 19/Earnings and Discrimination

2. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has long argued that nationally-prominent college

athletes are compensated with an investment in human capital that far exceeds the monetary reward of playing professional sports. Examine this argument in light of your knowledge of human capital theory and the

economic theory of labor markets.

ANS:

Many economists would argue that the NCAA is the most exploitative organization in the United States, considering the value that star student athletes contribute to a university. Most would argue that the education that star student athletes receive is of less value than what the athletes contribute.

DIF: 2 REF: 19-1 NAT: Reflective

LOC: Labor markets TOP: Human capital

MSC: Analytical

3. A recent study of the determinants of wages for clerical staff at a state university found that years of schooling,

years of experience, age and job characteristics only explained about one-half of the difference in wages.

Describe other factors that may be important in explaining wages differences for clerical staff.

ANS:

Other factors may include gender, job tenure, and job responsibilities, ability and effort.

DIF: 2 REF: 19-1 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Labor markets TOP: Wages MSC: Analytical

4. Explain the theory that education acts as a signaling device. How does this contrast with the theory of

education as an investment in human capital?

ANS:

The theory of signaling suggests that those who have desirable "productivity" characteristics are more likely to finish educational programs. The human capital theory suggests that productivity characteristics are enhanced by the learning that takes place in formal educational programs.

DIF: 2 REF: 19-1 NAT: Reflective

LOC: Labor markets TOP: Human capital | Signaling

MSC: Definitional

5. List the productivity factors that may explain the differences in pay between men and women in similar

occupations. Do any of these factors arise as a result of cultural or social traditions? If so, describe how

changes in social relationships will affect the pay gap over time.

ANS:

Job experience, education, lifetime patterns of work experience, etc. The gap should narrow as the cultural and social barriers to female access to productivity-enhancing experiences are reduced.

DIF: 2 REF: 19-2 NAT: Reflective

LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discrimination

MSC: Analytical

6. Explain the role of job experience in explaining the differences between the average wages of men and

women.

ANS:

Women, who have primary responsibility for housework and child-rearing duties, typically have less continuity in the labor force. As such, there is a difference in the average years of job experience between men and women. DIF: 2 REF: 19-2 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discrimination

MSC: Analytical

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国际经济学考试试题

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郑州航空工业管理学院2010—2011学年第一学期课程考试试卷（ A ）卷课程名称：国际经济学考试形式：闭卷考核对象（专业或班级）：贸易经济、经济学、国际经济与贸易、金融学、保险学学号：姓名：说明：所有答案请答在规定的答题纸或答题卡上，答在本试卷册上的无效。一、单项选择题（本题总计20分，每小题1分） 1．李嘉图的比较优势理论指出，（）。 A、贸易导致不完全专业化 B、即使一个国家不具有绝对成本优势，也可以从出口绝对成本劣势相对较小的产品中获益 C、与不具备绝对成本优势的国家相比，具有绝对成本优势的国家可以从贸易中获利更多 D、只有具备比较优势的国家才能获得贸易余额 2．如果一个劳动力丰富的国家与另一资本丰富的国家进行自由贸易，则（） A、两国工资水平都会相对资本成本上升 B、两国工资水平都会相对资本成本下降 C、前一国家的工资会相对后一国家上升 D、前一国家的工资会相对后一国家下降 3．如果机会成本是递增而不是固定不变的，国际贸易将导致（）。 A、每个国家完全专业化，且生产成本下降 B、每个国家不完全专业化，且出口产品生产成本不变 C、每个国家不完全专业化，且生产出口产品的机会成本上升 D、每个国家不完全专业化，且生产出口产品的机会成本下降 4．（）可用于解释发达国家之间的制成品贸易。 A、比较优势学说 B、要素禀赋理论 C、需求重叠理论 D、绝对优势学说 5．可以解释产业内贸易现象的理论是（）。 A、比较优势学说 B、要素禀赋理论 C、绝对优势学说 D、规模经济理论

中南财大国际经济学双语期末试卷

中南财经政法大学——学年第—-学期期末考试试卷国际经济学（闭卷）卷学院专业年级班级课堂号姓名（单选，共20题，每题2分） 1, Under Ricardian model, If one country's wage level is very high relative to the other's (the relative wage exceeding the relative productivity ratios), then ( ) A.it is not possible that producers in each will find export markets profitable. B.it is not possible that consumers in both countries will enhance their respective welfares through imports. C.it is not possible that both countries will find gains from trade. D.it is possible that both will enjoy the conventional gains from trade. 2, According to Ricardo, a country will have a comparative advantage in the product in which its ( ) https://www.wendangku.net/doc/186765205.html,bor productivity is relatively low. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/186765205.html,bor productivity is relatively high. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/186765205.html,bor mobility is relatively low. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/186765205.html,bor mobility is relatively high. 3, If Australia has more land per worker, and Belgium has more capital per worker, then if trade were to open up between these two countries, ( ) A.Australia would export the land-intensive product. B.Belgium would import the capital-intensive product. C.Both countries would export some of each product. D.Trade would not continue since Belgium is a smaller country. 4, Under The Specific Factors model, At the production point the production possibility frontier is tangent to a line whose slope is ( ) A.the price of manufactures. B.the relative wage. C.the real wage. D.the relative price of manufactures. 5, The Heckscher-Ohlin model predicts all of the following except: A.which country will export which product. ( ) B.which factor of production within each country will gain from trade. C.the volume of trade. D.that wages will tend to become equal in both trading countries.

国际经济学考试题

试卷编号：郑州航空工业管理学院2010—2011学年第一学期课程考试试卷（ A ）卷一、单项选择题（本题总计20分，每小题1分） 1．李嘉图的比较优势理论指出，（）。 A、贸易导致不完全专业化 B、即使一个国家不具有绝对成本优势，也可以从出口绝对成本劣势相对较小的产品中获益 C、与不具备绝对成本优势的国家相比，具有绝对成本优势的国家可以从贸易中获利更多 D、只有具备比较优势的国家才能获得贸易余额 2．如果一个劳动力丰富的国家与另一资本丰富的国家进行自由贸易，则（） A、两国工资水平都会相对资本成本上升 B、两国工资水平都会相对资本成本下降 C、前一国家的工资会相对后一国家上升 D、前一国家的工资会相对后一国家下降 3．如果机会成本是递增而不是固定不变的，国际贸易将导致（）。 A、每个国家完全专业化，且生产成本下降 B、每个国家不完全专业化，且出口产品生产成本不变 C、每个国家不完全专业化，且生产出口产品的机会成本上升 D、每个国家不完全专业化，且生产出口产品的机会成本下降 4．（）可用于解释发达国家之间的制成品贸易。 A、比较优势学说 B、要素禀赋理论 C、需求重叠理论 D、绝对优势学说5．可以解释产业内贸易现象的理论是（）。 A、比较优势学说 B、要素禀赋理论 C、绝对优势学说 D、规模经济理论6．一种产品的竞争优势并非长期固定在某一个特定的国家，而是从技术发明国转向生产成本较低的国家，描述这一现象的理论是（）。 A、产品生命周期理论 B、要素禀赋理论 C、需求重叠理论 D、规模经济理论 7、社会无差异曲线用来表示（）。 A、一国公民不愿意与别国进行贸易的百分比 B、能够为社会成员提供相同满意感的商品消费组合 C、为多生产一单位其他产品而必须放弃的本来生产产品的数量 D、一国具有比较优势的产品

国际经济学练习题

绪论一、单项选择题 1．国际经济学产生与发展的客观基础是（） A．国际经济活动范围不断扩大B．国际经济关系日益复杂 C．跨越国界的经济活动不断增长D．国与国之间经济联系密切 2．国际经济学的研究对象（） A．国际经济活动B．国际经济关系 C．世界范围内的资源配置D．国际经济活动与国际经济关系 3．国际经济学产生的时间（） A．20世纪60年代 B．20世纪50年代 C．20世纪40年代 D．20世纪70年代二、判断改错题 1．国际经济学产生与发展的理论基础是国际贸易理论。（） 2．国际经济学是西方经济学的重要组成部分。（） 3．国际经济学的微观部分主要讨论世界范围内的资源配置问题。（） 4．国际金融理论与政策是站在单个国家角度来研究金融问题的。（）绪论一、单项选择题 1．C 2．D 3．A 二、判断改错题 1．×。将“国际贸易理论”改为“国际贸易理论与国际金融理论”。 2．×。国际经济学是从西方经济学中独立出来的一门系统科学。 3．√。 4．×。国际金融理论与政策是独立于个别国家之外来研究所有国家参与国际金融市场的问题。第二章古典国际贸易理论一、单项选择题 1．主张对外贸易顺差，并将金银视为财富的唯一形式的理论是（）A．比较优势理论B．贸易差额理论C．要素禀赋理论D．相互需求理论2．贸易差额论的政策主张中对发展中国家制定贸易政策有借鉴意义的是（）A．发展本国工业B．发展本国航运业C．追求贸易顺差 D．对外贸易垄断3．最早对重商主义提出质疑的英国学者是（） A．约翰·穆勒 B．亚当·斯密C．大卫·李嘉图D．大卫·休谟

4．甲国使用同样数量资源比乙国能生产更多的X，则乙国在X生产上具有（）A．绝对优势B．比较劣势C．绝对劣势D．比较优势 5．甲国生产单位布和小麦分别需要6天和9天，乙国为10天和12天，根据比较优势理论（） A．乙国进口小麦B．甲国出口布C．乙国出口布D．甲国出口小麦6．比较优势理论的提出者是（） A．约翰·穆勒B．大卫·李嘉图C．亚当·斯密 D．李斯特 7．被称为西方国际贸易理论基石的是（） A．贸易差额理论B．绝对优势理论C．比较优势理论 D．相互需求理论8．比较优势理论认为国际贸易产生的主要原因是（） A．劳动生产率的相对差异B．技术水平差异 C．需求强度差异D．商品价格差异9．律师打字速度是打字员的两倍却雇佣打字员打字，以下表述错误的是（）A．律师在打字上具有绝对优势B．律师在律师咨询上具有比较优势 C．打字员在打字上具有比较优势D．打字员在打字上具有绝对优势 10．按照比较优势理论，大量贸易应发生在（） A．发达国家之间 B．发展中国家之间 C．发达国家与发展中国家之间D．需求相似国家之间二、判断改错题 1．贸易差额论虽然产生时间很早，但并不是严格意义上的国际贸易理论。（）2．贸易差额理论的奖出限入政策是针对所有产品而言的。（） 3．贸易差额理论是第一个自由贸易理论。（） 4．绝对优势理论分析的是国际贸易实践中的一个特例。（） 5．具有绝对优势的产品不一定具有比较优势。（） 6．根据绝对优势理论，一国两种产品都处于绝对劣势时仍可以参与互利贸易。（）7．比较优势理论认为从理论上说所有国家都可以参与互利贸易。（） 8．根据比较优势理论，只有当一国生产率达到足够高时，它才能从自由贸易中获益。（） 9．如果贸易发生在一个大国和一个小国之间，贸易后国际市场价格更接近于小国封闭条件下的国内市场价格。（）三、名词解释 1．绝对优势2．比较优势四、简答题 1．简述绝对优势理论主要内容。 2．简述比较优势理论主要内容。

国际经济学考试试题

国际经济学考试试题Last revision on 21 December 2020

国际经济学双语习题3说课材料

国际经济学双语习题 3 International Economics, 8e (Krugman) Chapter 3 Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model 3.1 The Concept of Comparative Advantage 1) Trade between two countries can benefit both countries if A) each country exports that good in which it has a comparative advantage. B) each country enjoys superior terms of trade. C) each country has a more elastic demand for the imported goods. D) each country has a more elastic supply for the exported goods. E) Both C and D. Answe r: A

Question Previous Edition Status: 2) In order to know whether a country has a comparative advantage in the production of one particular product we need information on at least ________ unit labor requirements one A) two B) three C) four D) five E) Answe D r: Previous Edition Question Status: 3) A country engaging in trade according to the principles of comparative advantage gains from trade because it is producing exports indirectly more efficiently than it A) could alternatively. is producing imports indirectly more efficiently than it B) could domestically. is producing exports using fewer labor units. C) is producing imports indirectly using fewer labor units. D) None of the above. E) B Answe r: Previous Edition Question Status:

国际经济学考试试题完美版,含答案.

全国2007年4月高等教育自学考试国际经济学试题课程代码00140 一、单项选择题25小题1分25分在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的错选、多选或未选均无分。 1.从十五世纪初到十八世纪中叶A A.重商主义 B.重农主义 C.重金主义 D.货币主义 2.采取进口替代战略的国家不倾向使用的政策是D A.对进口关税设置壁垒 B.对非关税设置障碍 C.对外汇实行管制 D.对本国货币低估对外价值 3.相对技术差异论的提出者是B A.斯密 B.李嘉图 C.奥林 D.赫克歇尔 4.关税与贸易总协定进行了多轮多边贸易谈判C A.日内瓦回合 B.东京回合 C.乌拉圭回合 D.安纳西回合 5.世界贸易组织成立于C A.1993年 B.1994年 C.1995年 D.1996年 6.一般而言不属于外汇市场主要参与者的是D A.商业银行 B.中央银行 C.外贸公司 D.居民个人 7.国际收支平衡表中最重要的收支差额是D A.官方结算差额 B.商品贸易差额 C.基本收支差额 D.经常项目差额 8.国际收支调整的重要基础理论是C A.调整论 B.货币论 C.弹性论 D.平衡论 9.从总体上看产品的需求弹性的绝对值将A A.大于1 B.小于1 C.等于1 D.不确定 10.在开放经济条件下c=0.6s=0.3 考虑政府的财政收入部分C A.10/9 B.5/3 C.5/2 D.10/3 11.下列属于非关税壁垒的措施是D A.反倾销税 B.反补贴税 C.进口附加税 D.国内最低限价 12.最佳关税来源于B A.进口国厂商 B.出口国厂商 C.第三国出口厂商 D.第三国进口厂商

社科院题库-国际经济学

1.林德重叠需求论的假设条件和主要观点。重叠需求理论是由瑞典经济学家林德提出，其理论核心是：两国之间贸易关系的密切程度是由两国的需求结构与收入水平决定的。重叠需求理论有两个假设条件： 1、消费者行为假设：假设在一国之内，需求受消费者的收入水平决定。不同收入阶层的消费者偏好不同，收入越高的消费者就越偏好奢侈品，收入越低的消费者就越偏好必需品，但如果消费者收入水平相同，则其偏好也相同。2、两国需求重叠的假定：厂商根据消费者的收入水平与需求结构来决定其生产方向与内容，而生产的必要条件是对其产品有效需求的存在；如果两国的平均收入水平相近，则两国的需求结构也必定相似。反之，如果两国的收入水平相差很大，则他们的需求结构也必存在显著的差异。重叠需求理论的基本观点是，重叠需求是国际贸易产生的一个独立条件。两国之间的需求结构若是越接近，则两国之间进行贸易的基础就越雄厚。当两国的人均收入水平越接近时，则重叠需求的范围也就越大，两国重复需要的商品都有可能成为贸易品。如果各国的国民收入不断提高，则由于收入水平的提高，新的重复需要的商品便不断地出现，贸易也相应地不断扩大，贸易中的新品种就会不断地出现。所以，收入水平相似的国家，互相间的贸易关系就可能越密切；反之，如果收入水平相差悬殊，则两国之间重复需要的商品就可能很少，贸易的密切程度也就很小。 2.国际贸易比较优势理论比较优势可以表述为：在两国之间，劳动生产率的差距并不是在任何产品上都是相等的。每个国家都应集中生产并出口具有比较优势的产品，进口具有比较劣势的产品（即“两优相权取其重，两劣相衡取其轻”），双方均可节省劳动力，获得专业化分工提高劳动生产率的好处。假设条（1）假定贸易中只有两个国家和两种商品（X与Y商品），这一个假设的目的是为了用一个二维的平面图来说明这一理论。（2）两国在生产中使用不同的技术。技术的不同导致劳动生产率的不同进而导致成本的不同。（3）模型只假定在物物交换条件下进行，没有考虑复杂的商品流通，而且假定1个单位的X产品和一个单位的Y产品等价（不过他们的生产成本不等）。（4）在两个国家中，商品与要素市场都是完全竞争的。（5）在一国内要素可以自由流动，但是在国际间不流动。（6）分工前后生产成本不变。（7）不考虑交易费用和运输费用，没有关税或影响国际贸易自由进行的其他壁垒。但是，在贸易存在的条件下，当两国的相对商品价格完全相等时，两国的生产分工才会停止比较优势理论。如果存在运输成本和关税，当两国的相对价格差小于每单位贸易商品的关税和运输成本时，两国的生产分工才会停止。（8）价值规律在市场上得到完全贯彻，自由竞争，自由贸易。（9）假定国际经济处于静态之中，不发生其他影响分工和经济变化。（10）两国资源都得到了充分利用，均不存在未被利用的资源和要素。（11）两国的贸易是平衡的，即总的进口额等于总的出口额。

国际经济学试题-精选稿(教师用-含部分答案)-

国际经济学精选习题集第一部分国际贸易理论第1章绪论一、单项选择题 1．国际经济学在研究资源配置时，划分的基本经济单位是（D） A.企业 B.个人 C.政府 D.国家 2．国际经济学研究的对象是（B） A.国际商品流动 B.世界范围内的稀缺资源的最优配置 C.国际收支平衡 D.国际人员流动 3．从国际间经济资源流动的难易度看，流动最容易的是（B） A.商品 B.资本 C.人员 D.技术二、判断分析题 1．国际经济学是建立在微观经济学与宏观经济学基础之上的一门分支科学。 √。大部分国际经济学应用了宏微观经济学的一般原理，如无差异曲线、需求曲线、企业产量按照确定等，但是国际经济学理论本身也获得了许多理论性的进步。在此基础上的国际经济学研究又推动了一般经济学理论研究方法的发展。第2章比较优势原理一、单项选择题 1．比较优势理论认为，国际贸易的驱动力是（A）。 A.劳动生产率的差异 B.技术水平的差异 C.产品品质的差异 D.价格的差异 2．从15世纪初到18世纪中叶，在国际贸易和国际收支理论方面占主导地位的是（A）。 A.重商主义 B.重农主义 C.重金主义 D.自由放任主义 3．绝对成本学说是比较成本学说的（C）。 A.同一形式 B.发展形式 C.特殊形式 D.理论形式

4．亚当·斯密的绝对优势理论认为（C）。 A.所有产品均具有绝对优势的国家最终将获得全部黄金和白银 B.具有绝对优势的国家将获得大量贸易余额 C.如果两个国家分别出口本国劳动成本相对较低的产品，将同时从贸易中获益 D.如果一国不用关税壁垒保护本国产业将丧失绝对优势 5．李嘉图比较优势理论指出（B）。 A.贸易导致不完全专业化 B.即使一个国家不具备绝对成本优势，也可从出口绝对成本劣势相对较小的产品中获益 C.与不具备绝对成本优势的国家相比，具有绝对成本优势的国家可以从贸易中获利更多 D.只有具备计较优势的国家才能获得贸易余额 6．根据比较成本说，一国从国际贸易中获益的条件是（B）。 A.创造大量贸易顺差 B.以较低的机会成本进口商品而不在国内生产 C.本国比贸易伙伴国强大 D.本国相对于贸易伙伴具备绝对效率优势 7．在比较利益模型中，两种参与贸易商品的国际比价（C）。 A.在两国贸易前的两种商品的国内比价之上 B.在两国贸易前的两种商品的国内比价之下 C.在两国贸易前的两种商品的国内比价之间 D.与贸易前的任何一个国家的国内比价相同 8．如果一个大国和一个小国进行贸易，则（ B ）。 A.大国将从贸易中获得大部分利益 B.小国将从贸易中获得大部分利益 C.贸易将仅使小国收益 D.贸易将仅使大国收益 9．绝对优势理论和比较优势理论都是一种主张（A）的传统理论。 A.自由贸易 B.保护贸易 C.国家干预 D.国家干预与自由放任结合 10．根据比较优势理论，假定A、B两国生产X产品的单位生产成本分别为100和90劳动一年，生产Y产品的单位生产成本分别为120和80人劳动一年，则（C）。 A 国同时生产X、Y产品，A国不生产 B. A国生产Y产品，B国生

国际经济学习题及参考答案

国际经济学作业一、名词解释幼稚产业：所谓幼稚产业是指某一产业处于发展初期，基础和竞争力薄弱但经过适度保护能够发展成为具有潜在比较优势的新兴产业。倾销：是指一国（地区）的生产商或出口商以低于其国内市场价格或低于成本价格将其商品抛售到另一国（地区）市场的行为。提供曲线：也称相互需求曲线，是由马歇尔和艾奇沃斯提出的，它表明一个国家为了进口一定量的商品，必须向其他国家出口一定量的商品，因此提供曲线即对应某一进口量愿意提供的出口量的轨迹。两个国家的提供曲线的交汇点所决定的价格，就是国际商品交换价格（交换比率）。国际收支：国际收支分为狭义的国际收支和广义的国际收支。狭义的国际收支指一个国家或地区与世界其他国家或地区之间由于贸易、非贸易和资本往来而引起的国际间资金收支流动的行为。包括两种具体形式:直接的货币收支和以货币表示的资产的转移。反映了以货币为媒介的国际间的债权、债务关系。广义的国际收支为系统记载的、在特定时期内(通常为一年)一个国家或经济体的居民与世界其他地方居民的全部各项经济交易，不仅包括外汇收支的国际借贷关系，还包括一定时期全部经济交易与往来。二、简答题试画出出口贫困化增长的图形并作出分析答：出口贫困化增长，是指某国的传统出口产品的出口规模极大地增长，但结果不仅使该国的贸易条件严重恶化，而且该国的国民福利水平也出现下降，这种现象一般出现在发展中国家。

贸易条件变化前，该国生产均衡点为A，消费点为C；由于该国传统出口产品X 的出口规模极大增长，使得该国贸易条件恶化，此时，生产点变为A’，消费点变为C’。由图中的无差异曲线可以看出，该国贸易条件的变化使得它的福利水平低于增长前。这种情形就成为“出口贫困化增长”。产生出口贫困化增长的原因主要有：（1）该国在该种出口产品的出口量中占到相当大的比重，这样，当其出口大幅度增加时，会导致世界市场上出现供大于求的情况，导致价格大幅下跌。（2）该种产品的需求国的需求弹性很低，当产品价格降低时，需求是并不会相应大幅增长。（3）该国经济结构十分单一，依赖该种产品的出口来促进经济的发展，因此在贸易条件恶化的时候也不能压缩出口，而是进一步扩大出口量从而保持一定的出口收入。试说明国际贸易中要素密集度逆转的情况答：这是解释列昂惕夫反论的观点之一，它认为，某种商品在资本丰富的国家属于资本密集型产品，而在劳动力相对丰富的国家则属于劳动密集型产品，如小麦在非洲是劳动密集生产过程的产品，而在美国则是资本密集型的产品，也就是大机器和高效化肥生产的产品。所以，同一种产品是劳动密集型产品还是资本密集型产品并没有绝对的界限。在国外属于劳动密集型的产品，也有可能在国内属于资本密集型的产品。即如果两种要素在行业间的替代弹性差异很大，以至于两种等产量曲线相交两次，那么，可能产生生产要素密集度逆转的现象。即一种产品在A国是劳动密集型产品在B国是资本密集型产品。可能就无法根据H-O的模式预测贸易模式了。