专题九定语从句与名词性从句

专题四定语从句和名词性从句

考点一定语从句

一．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

限制性定语从句对先行词起限定修饰作用；非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用。在非限制性定语从句中，先行词与定语从句往往由都好隔开。非限制性定语从句相当于并列句、状语从句等。如：

He has two sons, who work in the same company. 他有两个儿子，他们在同一家公司上班。（他只有两个儿子）

He has two sons who work in the same company. 他有两个儿子，在同一家公司上班。（他可能不止一个儿子）

二．关系代词的用法

1.先行词指人，先行词在定语从句中做主语，需用who/ that引导，且不能省略。

She is the girl who/ that lives next door.

2.先行词指人且在定语从句中做宾语，用whom/ who/ that引导，且可以省略。

That’s the girl (who/ whom/ that) I teach.

3..先行词指物，先行词在定语从句中做主语，需要用which/ that引导，且不可以省略

The work which/ that has just been finished is very important.

4.先行词指物，且在定语从句中做宾语，用which/ that引导，且可以省略。

That is the book (which/ that) I want to read.

5.先行词指人或物且在定语从句中做定语，用whose/ of which/ of whom引导。

This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.

This is the scientist, the achievements of whom are well known.

This is the scientist , of whom the achievements are well known.这就是那位成绩卓越的科学家。

6.as引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式

1）such+名词+as…像……一样；像……之类的

2）such (pron.)+ as…像……一样；像……之类的

3) the same+名词+as…和……一样的

We have found such materials as are used in their factory.

我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。（做主语）

This book is not such as I expect.

这不是我想要的书。（做宾语）

I have the same book as he has.

我和他有同样的书。（做宾语）

（二）非限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法

用法见下表：

1.关系代词在任何情况下都不能省略。

2.who（主语、宾语），whom（宾语），which（主语、宾语）不能用that代替。

This is New York, which I have visited for several times. (which不能用that代替)

这就是纽约，我来了好多次了。

3.which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词可以是一个词，也可以是个句子。

He was late again, which made the teacher very unhappy.

他又迟到了，这使得老师很不高兴。

4.关系代词as也可以引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为句子，as在从句中做主语、宾语。As we know, China is a developing country.

我们知道，中国是个发展中国家。(as在定语从句中做宾语)

As is known to us all, China is in the east of Asia.

众所周知，中国在亚洲的东部。(as在定语从句中做主语)

（三）关系代词除上面的基本用法外，还有下列特殊用法

1.有时为了使表达的意思更清楚，用“which+名词”引导定语从句

He advised me to hide behind the door, which advice I took at once.

他建议我躲在门后，我立即照做了。

2.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

（1）当介词放在关系代词的前面时，关系代词常用which或whom,并且不能省略。

He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of which hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.

他付给男孩十美元擦洗十扇窗户，这是扇窗户中大部分至少一年没擦了。

In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person, to whom she could turn for help.

在漆黑的街道上,她没有一个可以求助的人。

（2）在限制性定语从句中，当介词位于定语从句的句尾时，可用that/ which（指物），that/ who/ whom（指人）做介词的宾语，而且做介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。

This is the hero that/ who/ whom/ 省略we are proud of.

这是我们引以为荣的那个英雄。

This is the pen that/ which/ 省略I wrote the letter with.

这是我写信时用的那支钢笔。

（3）在非限制性定语从句中，“介词+which/ whom从句”结构中的介词不能移到从句的后

面。

He has visited Gu’ an No. 1 High School for several times, in which he has many friends. (in不能放在定语从句句末)

他已经去过固安一中几次了，在那里他有很多朋友。

（4）“复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。

He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.

他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵又大又高的树。

（5）“介词+which/ whom+不定式”结构

The poor man has no house in which to live.

= The poor man has no house (that/ which) he can live in.

= The poor man has no house in which he can live.

= The poor man has no house to live in.

（四）机组关系代词的辨析

1.关系代词that和which

（1）限制性定语从句中，用that不用which的情况：

1）当先行词是不定代词all, little, few, much everything, anything, nothing, none, some等时，如

Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? 你有什么要为自己说的吗？

2）当先行词前面有the only, the very（恰恰，正好）, any, every, some, no, all, few, little, much, the right, the last, just等词修饰时，如：

This is the very bus that I’m waiting for.这就是我正在等的公交车。

The only thing that we can do is (to) give you some money.

我们能做的唯一的事情就是给你一些钱。

3）当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时，如：

This is the best that has been used against pollution.

这是已经用过的最好的抗污染的办法。

This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.

这是我曾经看过的最有趣的电影。

4）当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时，如：

This train is the last that will go to Suzhou.

这是去苏州的最后一趟火车了。

What is the first American film that you have seen?

你看过的第一部美国电影是什么？

5）当先行词既有人又有物时，如

Do you know the thighs and the persons that they are talking about?

你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？

6）当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时，如：

Which is the bike that you lost? 哪辆是你丢失的自行车？

Who is the boy that won the gold medal? 赢得金牌的那个男孩是谁？

7）有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which,另外一个宜用that,如

They secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution.

他们偷偷地建了一家小工厂，这座工厂生产可能造成污染的东西。

8）当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也做表语时，如：

Shanghai is no longer the city that is used to be.

上海不再是过去的那座城市了。

9）主句是there be句型且关系代词在从句中做主语时，用that不用which

There is a seat in the corner that is still available.

在那个角落还有一个作为可用。

（2）当先行词指事/物时，定语从句中关系代词用which不用that的情况

1)在非限制性定语从句中只用which不用that

Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him.

海伦对最小的儿子比对其他的儿子好得多，这一点当然让其他孩子很嫉妒。

2）当动词短语中的介词提前时，只用which不用that,

This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived. 这是鲁迅住过的房子。

注意：在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。

This is the pen (which/ that) I’m looking for. 这是我正在寻找的那支钢笔。

3）先行词有插入语时，只用which不用that

Here is the English grammar book which, as I’ve told you, will help you improve your English.

这就是我告诉过你的那本英语语法书，它能帮你提高英语。

4）先行词本身就是that时，只用which

What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?

刚才在天空中一闪而过的是什么？

2.关系代词as和which的区别

As 和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句或主句中的一部分内容，先行词在定语从句中做主语、宾语或表语，as和which均不可以省略，有时两者可以互换

He married her, as/ which was natural. 她跟他结婚了，这是很自然的事。

注意：（1）只用as不用which的情况

1）当定语从句置于主句前时，只用as

As you see, the Chinese people are hard-working.你知道中国人民是勤劳的。

注意下列句子的多种表达方法：

众所周知，月球每月绕地球转一圈。

As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

The moon travels round the earth once every month, as/ which is known to everybody.

It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.

What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.

2)先行词做主语且定语从句为被动语态时，常用as,从句谓语动词通常为be known, be said, Be reported, be announced, be mentioned,等。如果从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般用which 做主语。如：

She has been absent again, as is expected. 他又缺席了，这在预料之中。

Tom has made rapid progress, which makes me very happy.

汤姆进步很快，这让我很高兴。

另外，as 常用在以下固定搭配中：

as (it) seems like; as (s I understand (it); as (it) appears; as is often the case; as anybody can see; as we have expected

Jack has won the first prize, a is it often happens.

像往常一样，杰克得了一等奖。

She has read widely in Romantic Literature, as it appears from her essay.

她广泛涉猎了浪漫主义文学，这从她的文章中可以看出来。

（2）下列情况通常用which,不用as:

1)关系代词代替前面主句中的宾语从句，或定于从句的谓语带有一个复合宾语结构时。

I don’t think that he will come to see me, which makes me sad.

2)当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时。

Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.

汤姆一次又一次上学迟到，这使得他的老师很生气。

3）关系代词指代主句中的某一个单词时。

The moon, which is 384,400 kilometers away from the earth, creates many beautiful stoies.

月球，这个离地球384,400公里远的星球，使许多美丽的故事得以存在。

4）关系代词在从句中做定语，或介词的宾语时，如in which case, at which point等

She might possibly come, in which case I’ll ask her.

她可能会来，那样的话我就去问她。

5）当费限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定意义时，

He came here very late, which was unexpected.

He pretended not to know me, which I didn’t understand.

6)非限制性定语从句中的be动词不能省略时，用which;反之，用as

Jane told me she won the match, which was a lie.

三.关系副词的用法

（一）当关系词在定语从句中做状语时，要用关系副词。其中when=表示时间的介词（in, at, on, during等）+which; where=表示地点的介词（in, at, on, under等）+which; why=表示原因的介词for+ which

(二)where/ when= 介词+关系代词（which）,有时表达清楚，还可以在关系副词where, when 前加介词to/ from等

China is the birthplace of kites, from where kite flying spreads to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.

（三）关系副词when, where可用于非限制性定语从句中，而why不可以

（四）高考试题中对于where的考察趋于复杂化，从先行词为明显的“地点”转化为“模糊的地点”。事实上，对where这个词的理解，不能只理解为表地点。当先行词为situation, case, stage, point, condition, position等时，且关系词在从句中做状语时，也要用where引导They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.

他们已经到了必须分开的地步。

注意：这种用法不仅仅限于定语从句中，特殊疑问句中的where及名词性从句中的where 都有这种用法。

Where will this trouble lead? 这件麻烦事会惹出什么后果？

That is where you are mistaken. 那就是你的错误所在。

四. 注意way和time后接定语从句的情况

1.当先行词是way(意为“方式、方法”时)，引导定语从句的关系代词有下列几种形式：What surprised me was not what he said but the way in which/ that/ 不填he said it.

让我吃惊的不是他的话，而是他说话的方式。

试比较：

The way that/ which/ 不填he explained to us was quite simple. （在定语从句中做宾语）

他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。

The way that/ in which/ 不填he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.（在定语从句中做方式状语）

他向我们解释句子的方式不难理解。

2.先行词是time,若time做“次数”讲，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，或者省略；若做“一段时间”来讲，应用关系副词when或介词at/ during引导定语从句

This is the second time (that) the president has visited the country.

这是总统第二次访问这个国家了。

This was at a time when/ during which there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets.

这是在一个没有收音机、没有电话，也没有电视的时间。

名词性从句

一. 名词性从句的结构和功能总述

从此性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句。大体可以分为以下五种结构：

1.以that引导的从句

2.以whether/ if引导的从句

3.以特殊疑问词who, where, why引导的从句

4.以what或者wh-ever等引导的名词性从句

二. 以that 引导的从句

（一）主语从句

1.that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有：

（1）It + be +形容词+ that从句

It is certain that she will do well in her exam.可以肯定她会考得很好。

（2）It + be + 名词词组（no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc,）+ that 从句

It’s no surprise that our team has won the game.

我们队赢了比赛并不惊奇。

（3）It + be + 过去分词（said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.）+ that从句

It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.

据说格林先生已经到北京了。

2.在口语中that常可以省略，尤其是在非常短的句子中，但that 从句位于句首时，that不可以省略

It’s a pity (that) you’re leaving. 您要离开，真遗憾。

That we are invited to the concert this evening is good news to us.

我们被邀请去参加今晚的音乐会，这对我们来说是个好消息。

（二）宾语从句

1.常见的可以接that从句做宾语的动词有see, say, know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think, make, consider等，可以用it 作形式宾语。

Do you know (that) he has joined the army? 你知道他参军了吗？

We think highly probable that he is dead. 我们认为他很有可能死了。

2.that从句一般不能充当介词宾语，偶尔可以做expect, in的宾语。

He is a good student except that he is a little careless.

他是个好学生，除了有点粗心外。

He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.

他和他的同学的不同之处在于他把课余时间用在了读书上。

其他介词后面需要用that 从句做宾语时，需要用it作形式宾语。

You may depend on it that I shall always help you.

你要相信我，我会一直帮助你的。

（三）表语从句

that引导表语从句时，一般不可以省略，如：

My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning.

我的决定是我们所有人明早六点出发。

（四）同位语从句

that 引导同位语从句时，用在某些抽象的名词，如fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility等词后，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，that只起引导同位语从句的功能，在句子中不充当任何成分，一般不可以省略。

There is a feeling in me that we’ll never know that a UFO is.

我有一种感觉，我们将永远不知道不明飞行物是什么。

三. 以whether/ if (是否)引导的从句

（一）表语从句和同位语从句常用whether引导；当主句从句放于句首的时候，常用whether;当主句从句中含有or表示选择意义时，必须用whether

Whether the meeting will be held is still a problem. (主语从句放于句首)

= The problem is whether the meeting will be held.（表语从句）

= I have no idea whether the meeting will be held. （同位语从句）

= It is doubtful whether/ if he will come here. （主句从句放于句末）

（二）在宾语从句中

1.在及物动词后

在及物动词后，whether从句不能用否定，而在if从句后面，不与or not 直接连用

I don’t care if he doesn’t come.

I don’t care whether/ if he comes or not.

I don’t care whether or not he comes.

2.在介词后

在介词后常用whether不用if

四.以特殊疑问词where, who, how, why等引导的从句

（一）主语从句

特殊疑问词引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，如

It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.

我们在哪里开会都无所谓。

It has not been decided yet who will preside over the meeting.

由谁来主持会议还没决定。

（二）宾语从句

1.能接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句的动词很多，常见的有see, tell, ask, know, decide, imagine, doubt, wonder, show, discuss, understand, inform, advise等

I can’t imagine how he did it.

They couldn’t understand why she refused it.

2.做介词宾语

It all depends on how we solve the problem.

这完全要看我们如何解决这个问题。

（三）表语从句、同位语从句

The problem is where we should stay.（表语从句）

My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.（同位语从句）

五. 以what或wh-ever引导的名词性从句

What可以用来引导名词性从句，此时what= the thing(s) which/ that;有时what可以用作前置定语，如what help, what funny stories等，whichever和whatever也可以做定语。

此外whoever= anyone who; whichever= anyone who/ anything that; whatever= anything that；有时where和when也可以用来引导名词性从句。

（一）主语从句

What they need is a good textbook.他们需要的是一本好课本。

Whatever he likes will be given to him.他喜欢的任何东西都会给他。

Whichever book he bought would be paid for. 无论他买哪一本书都要付款。

（二）宾语从句

She will give whoever needs help warm support.凡是需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。

I spent what little time I had with my family.我仅有的那一点时间都与家人一起度过了。

She walked up to where he stood. 她走到了他站着的地方。

You can write about whatever topic you prefer.

你可以写你喜欢的任一题目。

（三）表语从句

This is where your problem lies. 这就是你的问题所在。

Tomorrow is when it would be the most convenient.明天是最方便的时候。

（四）同位语从句

I gave the girl a big doll, exactly what she longed to have.

我给了这个女孩一个大洋娃娃，那正是她所渴望的东西。

（五）宾语补足语

We will make him whatever he is fit for. 他适合干什么，我们就培养他干什么。

六. 名词性从句的几个易错点

（一）that通常不可以省略的情况

1.that引导的主语从句置于句首时；

2.当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略；

3.由it做形式宾语时，that大多不可省

That the prices will go up is certain. 物价要上涨是肯定的。

He told me he had to leave and that he would be back soon.他告诉我他得离开并且马上回来。You can put it that it was arranged before.您可以说这是以前安排好的。

（二）as if/ as though, because, why也可以引导表语从句

It looked as if it was going to rain.看起来好像要下雨了。

That’s because he didn’t work hard enough.那是因为他没有足够努力。

That was why I asked for three day’s leave. 那就是我为什么请了三天假。

定语从句和名词性从句练习及答案(推荐文档)

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定语从句与名词性从句练习 1. Where is the window ______ glass is broken? A. which B. that C. whose D. its 2. The fact he was successful proves his ability. A. that B. what C. which D. why 3. I will never forget the day ______ I spent with them. A. in which B. on which C. that D. on that 4. The reason he has been such a success he never gives up. A. is because B. is what C. is that D. is 5. The reason ______ he was late was ____ he got up late. A. why, why B. why, because C. why, that D. why, as 6. All ______ can be done has been done. A. that B. what C. which D. of which 7. This is the pen ____ he w rote the letter. A. in which B. in that C. with which D. with that 8. leaves the room last ought to turn off the light. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 9. He has been sent to the place ____ needs him most. A. where B. that C. what D. it 10. Is this book _____ you bought the other day? A. that B. which C. the one D. where 11. The man asked . A. what was going on there B. what it was going on there C. what’s going on there D. what going on there 12. Is this the factory ____ we visit the other day? A. which B. where C. the one D. it 13. _______ is known to all, Xiao Ming is good at English.

名词性从句和定语从句的例句及练习

That you don’t like him has nothing to do with me. Whether John will do this experiment remains a question. Who will be sent abroad to further his studies is not announced. What surprised me most was that such a little girl could play the violin so well. Which school will win the prize is not known. Whose dictionary has not been found is still unknown. Whichever you take will be yours. Whoeve r wants this book may take it. Whatever was said here must be kept secret. When they will start hasn’t been decided yet. How he managed to finish the composition in such a short time is still a mystery. He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. I want to know what he has told you. She will give whoever needs help a warm support. The fact is that we have lost the game. That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. It looks as if it is going to rain. The question is whether we can rely on him. The news that we won the game is exciting. The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved Is he the man who/that wants to see you? He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green. A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born. I shall never forget the day when ( on which ) we first met. Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer? As we know, smoking is harmful to one\'s health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 1. some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. A. Whether B. What C. That D. / 2.John let out the news annoys all of us. A. Whether B. What C. That D. / 1.It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future. A. / B. which C. whether D. that 1..Having checked the doors were closed, and all the lights were off, the boy opened th e door to his bedroom.