科技英语翻译练习作业 Heat Shock Proteins

Heat Shock Proteins

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a group of proteins that are present in all cells in all life forms. 热激蛋白(HSPs)是所有生命体所有的细胞中都存在的一组蛋白质。They are induced when a cell undergoes various types of environmental stresses like heat, cold and oxygen deprivation.

当细胞受到高温、过冷或缺少氧气等形式的不良环境下就会产生热激蛋白。Heat shock proteins are also present in cells under perfectly normal conditions. They act like “chaperones”，making sure that the cell?s proteins are in the right shape and in the right place at the right time.

细胞在完全正常情况下也存在有热激蛋白。它们就像‘分子伴侣’，以保证细胞中的蛋白质在合适的时间地点具有正确的形态。

For example, HSPs help new or distorted proteins fold into shape, which is essential for their function.

例如，热激蛋白能帮助新的、错误歪曲的蛋白进行正确折叠从而确保形成有功能的蛋白，这是极其重要的。

They also shuttle proteins from one compartment to another inside the cell, and transport old proteins to “garbage disposals” inside the cell.

热激蛋白也可在细胞的细胞器之间运输蛋白质，并把旧的蛋白质运输到细胞的“垃圾中转站”。

Heat shock proteins are also believed to play a role in the presentation of pieces of proteins (or peptides) on the cell surface to help the immune system recognize diseased cells.

人们相信，热激蛋白也参与细胞表面蛋白质或多肽的传递，帮助免疫系统识别病变了的细胞。

For decades it has been known that animals can be …vaccinated? against cancer.

几十年以来，人们都知道动物可以通过接种疫苗来防止癌症。

This is how it works: Tumor cells can be weakened and injected like a vaccine into a mouse. Afterwards, if these same tumor cells, at full strength, are injected into the mouse, the mouse will reject the tumor cells and cancer will not develop. However, if a mouse has not been vaccinated i n this manner, the tumor cells will “take root” and the mouse will develop cancer.

它的作用机制是：将毒性减弱的肿瘤细胞像疫苗一样注入老鼠体内。之后如果将相同的未减毒肿瘤细胞注射到老鼠体内，老鼠就会对这些肿瘤细胞有免疫力，癌症也就不会发生。但是，对于没有接种的老鼠，肿瘤细胞将会在体内迅速增殖，老鼠就会患上癌症。

Although it was clear that animals could be vaccinated against cancer, for a long time it was not known how it worked.

尽管人们清楚动物可以通过接种疫苗预防癌症，但是很长时间里都没人知道它的作用机制。

Then about 25 years ago, a graduate student named Pramod Srivastava began a series of experiments.

后来大约25年前，有个名叫Pramod Srivastava的研究生进行了一系列的实验。He took tumor cells, broke them open, and separated the different parts of the cells into fractions.

他提取到的肿瘤细胞，并把它破碎后，将细胞内的成分分离成不同的组分。

He then used each of the fractions as “vaccines” to see which fraction protected the mice from developing cancer.

然后他把分离的细胞组分依次作为疫苗来观察到底是哪个组分能防止老鼠患上癌症。

After many experiments, he found that the element responsible for protecting the mice was heat shock proteins.

经过大量的实验，他发现是热激蛋白使小鼠对肿瘤有了免疫力。

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翻译是把一种语言里已经表达出来的事物用另一种语言准确流畅地进行重新表达的过程。与其他题材的文章相比,科技专业文章在内容、表达形式和风格上有很大的差别,具有科技性强、专业性强、逻辑严密、表达要求简练的特点,在翻译上力求准确全面、严谨明确和通顺简练。 1科技英语翻译遵循的基本原则 从科技文章的特点来看,大多具有以下几个特征:述说事理、逻辑性强、结构严密、术语繁多,语言严谨、数据精确。这就要求译文必须概念清楚、条理分明、逻辑正确、数据无误,尤其对定义、定律、公式、图表、结论等更应特别注意。科技英语作为特殊英语的一个分支,在词汇构成、遣词造句等方面都有其自身的特点,其语法结构不十分严密、语言习惯和汉语也有不少差别、词汇量大、词语繁多,因此科技英语翻译起来比较困难。另外,科技文章比较重视叙事逻辑上的连贯及表达上的明晰与畅达; 避免行文晦涩,避免表露个人感情,避免论证上的主观随意性。因此,科技英语翻译力求少用或不用描述性形容词以及具有抒情作用的副词、感叹词及疑问词,而是大量使用科技词汇、专业技术用语,译者应尊重客观事实,不能随意改动数据、回避不易翻译的文字,更不能加进自己的主观想象,进行自由翻译。 我国著名翻译家严复提出的“信、达、雅”三准则一直为不少翻译工作者所接受。 “信”指的是译文要忠实于原文,“达”是指译文的通顺达意,“雅”指的是译文的用词修辞。三准则体现了译文和原文信息等值这一基本要领。 “信、达、雅”的翻译准则对各种英语文体的翻译实践都具有指导意义,是衡量一篇译文好坏的标准,也同样适用于科技文献的翻译。由于科技文章特有的文体特征,与其他类文章相比,其“达”和“雅”的内涵不同,它要求在准确传达信息的基础上,使译文更加简洁明快,流畅通顺。2科技英语翻译的基本方法

西南交大科技英语翻译复习题解析

科技英语翻译复习题 1.To transmit electromagnetic waves takes energy. 传送电磁波需要能量。 2.Chemical control will do most of things in pest control. 化学防治能在病虫害防治中起主要作用。 3. It is not until wires are connected that the path is completed. 直到导线连上以后，此电路才连通。 4. The odds are heavily against any man being able to do the work in the field of abstract theory that Einstein is doing. 对任何能从事爱因斯坦正在进行的抽象理论研究的人来说，条件都是极为不利的。 5. Oscillator design is of an art rather than an exact science. 与其说振荡器的设计是一门严谨的科学，不如说它是一门艺术。 6. A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed. 发现迅速减少到1/7。 7. Birds and animals which hunt at night have eyes which contain few or no cones at all, so they cannot see colors. 凡是在夜间觅食的飞禽走兽，因为眼睛中的视锥细胞数量极少或根本没有，所以不能辨别颜色。 8. Tsunami is sometimes powerful enough to destroy a coastwise building it strikes 海啸有时威力很大，足可催毁它所冲击的沿岸的建筑物 9. Not everybody is convinced the Leaning Tower of Pisa really can be saved. 并非每一个人都相信比萨斜塔真的能够免于坍塌。 10. Every crane has a certain lifting capacity, ranging from a few tons to many hundreds of tones. 每台起重机均有一定的起重力，该起重力从几吨到几百吨不等。 11. The best solution is to continue to reduce all sources of pollution affecting our atmosphere 最好的办法是继续减少影响大气层的各种污染源。 12. Quantum chemistry is still in its infancy. 量子化学仍处于发展初期。 13. It is these drawbacks which need to be eliminated and which have led to the search for new processes. 正是因为这些缺点需要加以消除，才导致了对新方法的探求。 14. Real-time systems often need extraordinary precautions to guard against possible breakdown of the computer. 实时系统往往要特别小心，以防止计算机发生故障。 15. The steam engine uses a fire in a boiler rather than inside the engine. 蒸汽机所利用的是锅炉中的火，而不是发动机里边的火。 16. The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight 这些产品的主要有优点重量减轻了1/2 17. Our primary purpose in studying fatigue is to understand why failures occur so that we can guard against them in an optimum manner. 我们研究疲劳的目的在于了解产生失效的原因，以便能以最佳的方式加以预防。 18. This system will build on the knowledge and experience gained in developing the existing suite of software products. 这个系统的基础是从开发现有的成套软件产品中所获取的知识和经验。 19. All metals do not conduct electricity equally well 并非所有的金属导电性能都同样好。 20. It means that the mass of the comet cannot have amounted to as much as one ten-thousandth of that of the earth. 这表明这颗彗星的质量甚至不到地球质量的万分之一。 21. Inspection programs help to determine when to replace parts.

科技英语翻译

形合和意合 1.昨天看电影我没有买到好票。 I did not buy good seat for movie last day. 2.这个车间既做来料加工，又做来样加工。 This workshop processes raw material on client’s demand and processes according to investor’s sample as well. 3.她在中国留学服务中心工作。 She works at Chinese service center for Scholarly Exchange. 4.烤烟，苹果，羊毛和甘薯是延安的四大农产品，年产量3.12亿元，占农业总产值的52.5%。 Cured tobacco, apples, wool and sweet potatoes are the four main agricultural products in Yan’an, their output values at 312 million yuan RMB, according for 5.2% of its total agricultural output values. 5.可以预言，钛材在飞机或各种飞行器上的应用将会与日俱增，并且在其他工业中的应用也会扩大。 It can be prophesied that titanium materials will be used increasing in aerospace and in other industries. 6.If rise of blood pressure occurs with some other disease, it is called secondary hypertension. 某种与其他疾病伴发的高血压，称为继发性高血压 7.Change of information, if any, concerning the contents of this section will be found in the appendix at the end of this book. 本节内容如有更改，均见本书末附录。 8.一种微生物能够破坏另一种微生物，这种现象最早是巴斯德发现的，他指出这可以用到医疗上去。 That a microganism is capable of destroying one of anther species was first discovered by Pasteur, who pointed out that can be used to the therapeutic use. 英汉句子中心的差异 1.他们培育出的细胞看上去像胚胎干细胞，这的确令人惊讶。 It’s truly amazing that they can produce cells that look like embryoric stem cells. 2.1968年12月阿波罗8号宇宙飞船上那些想家的宇航员们在太空拍下了整个地球的彩照，此后在1970年4月很快就出现了第一个地球日，这绝非是历史的偶然。 It’s no accident of history that the first Earth Day in April 1970 came so soon after the color photograghs of the whole earth from space were made by homesick astronauts on the Apollo 8 mission to the moon December 1968. 3.你们已经取得了进步，对此我毫不怀疑。 There has been no doubt in my mind of the progress which you have achieved. 4.由于贵国政府的提议，才得以这样快的重新实现访问，这使我感到特别高兴。 I was all the more delighted when as a result of the initiative of your government, it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly. 5.由于现代世界的发展和近年来在单门学科狭窄前沿上的研究进展，出现一些极其复杂的难题，单凭一两人的力量是无法对它们进行透彻研究的。 One cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world and by recent development in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline. 6.这种小型热带鱼由于具有自行修复受损和患病的眼部细胞的独特能力，长期以来一直为科学家所关注。The tiny tropical fish has long interested scientists because of its unique ability to repair damaged and diseased cells in their own eyes. 7.不努力就不会成功。 One can never succeed without making great efforts.

西南交通大学研究生 科技英语翻译 期末复习题

科技英语翻译联系200句 1.To transmit electromagnetic waves takes energy. 传送电磁波需要能量 2.Chemical control will do most of things in pest control. 化学防治能在病虫害防治中起主要作用。 3.It is not until wires are connected that the path is completed. 直到导线接上以后，此电路才接通。 4.The odds are heavily against any man being able to do the work in the field of abstract theory that Einstein is doing. 对任何能从事爱因斯坦正在进行的抽象理论研究的人来说，条件都是极为不利的。 5.Oscillator design is of an art rather than an exact science. 与其说振荡器的设计是一门严谨的科学，不如说它是一门艺术。 6.A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed. 发现迅速减少到（了）1/7。 7.Birds and animals which hunt at night have eyes which contain few or no cones at all,so they cannot see colors. 凡是夜间觅食的飞禽走兽，因为眼睛中的视维细胞数量极少或根本没有，所以不能辨别颜色。 8.Tsunami is sometimes powerful enough to destroy a coastwise building it strikes. 海啸有时威力很大，足可摧毁它所冲击的沿岸的建筑物。 9.Not everybody is convinced the Leaning Tower of Pisa really can be saved. 并非每个人都相信比萨斜塔真的能免于坍塌。 10.Every crane has a certain hitting capacity, ranging from a few tons to many hundreds of tons. 每台起重机均有一定的起重力（量），该起重力（量）从几吨到几百吨不等。 11.The best solution is continue to reduce all sources of pollution affecting our atmousphere. 最好的方法是继续减少影响大气层的各种污染物。 12. Quantum chemistry is still in its infancy. 量子化学仍处于发展初期。 13.It is these drawbacks which need to be eliminated and which have led to the search for new processes. 正是因为这些缺点需要消除，才导致了对新方法的探求。 14.Real-time systems often need extraordinary precautions to guard against possible break down of computer. 实时系统往往需要特别小心，以防止计算机可能发生故障。 15.The steam engine uses a fire in a boiler rather than inside the engine. 蒸汽机所利用的是锅炉中的火，而不是发动机里边的火。 16.The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight. 这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。17.Our primary purpose in studying fatigue is to understand why failures occur so that we can guard against them in an optimum manner. 我们研究疲劳的主要目的在于了解产生失效的原因，以便能以最佳的方式加以预防。 18.This system will build on the knowledge and experience gained in developing the existing suite of software products. 这个系统的基础是从开发现有的成套软件产品中所获得的知识和经验。 19.All metals do not conduct electricity equally well. 并非所有的金属的导电性能都同样好。20.It means that the mass of the comet cannot have amounted to as much as one ten-thousandth of that of the earth. 这表明这颗彗星的质量甚至不到地球质量的万分之一。 21.Inspection programs help to determine when to replace parts. 检验计划有助于确定更换零件的时间。