美国文学复习资料
Chapter 1
1.American literature in the colonial periods (殖民地时期的文学，1607-1765):
①1942 Christopher Columbus(哥伦布) discovery of America
②17th century English began their settlement of the North American continent (北美拓殖开始)
③1606 the frist English settlement James Town, Virginia
④1620 the ship Mayflower arrived at Plymouth, Massachusetts
⑤1629 the Puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony
2.Puritanism(清教主义) and writers, early poetries
1) the spirit and ideal of puritans who settled in the North American continent in the early part of the seventeenth century because of religious persecutions. The doctrines of predestination(宿命), original sin(原罪), total depravity(完全的堕落) and limited atonement(有限的救赎) were all that they believed in.
2)writers: William Bradford(1590-1702 Of Plymouth Plantation普利茅斯开发历史), Anne Bradstreet(1617-1672 The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯), Jonathan Edwards(1702-1758), Edward
Taylor(1642-1729).
3)Early poetries: The Bay Psalm Book(1640, 1st book written and printed) , The Day of Doom(1662), New England Primer(1638, the 1st and most successful educational textbook)
3.The Main Features of this period
1)American literature grew out of humble origins. Diaries, histories, journals, letters, commonplace books, travel books, sermons, in short, personal literature in its various forms, occupy a major position in the literature of the early colonial period; 2) In content these early writings served either God or colonial expansion or both. In form, if there was any form at all, English literary traditions were faithfully imitated and transplanted;3) The Puritanism formed in this period was one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and American literature.
4.American literature in the revolutionary periods( Enlightenment启蒙运动, 1765 -1800)
1)revolutionary ended in 1763 2)1772 Patriot groups began to form committees 3)1774 Frist Continental Congress 4)1775 fighting broke out
5)1776 the Declaration of Independence in Second Continental Congress
6)1783 The Treaty of Paris(巴黎和约) → real independence 7)1776- 1783 Independence War
5.Famous literary figures
Roger Williams(罗杰·威廉斯1603-1683): The Bloody Tenet of Persecution for the Cause of Conscience, Discussed in a Conference between Truth and Peace （1644）
Philip Freneau(菲利普·弗伦诺1752-1832): "the poet of the American Revolution". His major themes are death, nature, transition, and the human in nature
John Woolman(约翰·伍尔1702-1772), Tomas Paine(托马斯·潘恩1737-1809)，Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林
6.Benjamin Franklin(1706 - 1790) and works
1)殖民地时期作家。独立战争前惟一的杰出的美国作家in the colonial period, the only good American author before the Revolutionary War. 还是美国第一位主要作家the first major writer in America
2) Poor Richard’s Almanac穷查理历书P14Autobiography《自传》
Chapter 2
1.Background(territory expended and unprecedented pride and self-confidence)
1) establish an independent nation after The Treaty of Paris in 1783
2) 4, 30th 1789 George Washington took the oath, French Revolution broke out
3)Thomas Jefferson → the third president in 1801
4) 18th century national literary movement → Romanticism(Washington, James Fenimore Cooper詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库柏)
5)after 1830 Nature by Ralph Waldo Emerson→ Transcendentalism超验主义( The Dia l日晷, spirit; individual; nature) 2. American Romanticism(美国浪漫主义): the literature term was frist applied to the writers of the 18th century in Europe.
When it used in American literature it refers to the writers of the middle of the 19th century who stimulated the sentimental emotions of their readers. It emphasized freedom and individualism, believing that imagination was superior to rationalism. The Romantics preferred the innate or intuitive perception of the heart of man. The famous fingers are Washington Irving , Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne, etc. .
3. Washington Irving(华盛顿·欧文1783-1859): the frist American to achieve international literary reputation.
1809 A History of New York (by Diedrich Knickerbocker)
1819 - 1820 The Sketch Book ( Rip Van Winkle P34 , The Legend of Sleepy)
4. Nathaniel Hawthorne(纳撒尼尔·霍桑Hathorne 1804-1864): Twice-Told Tales (尽人皆知的故事1837), The House of Seven Gables (七个尖角阁的房子1851), The Scarlet Letter(红字P541850), etc.
5. Edgar Allan Poe(埃德加·爱伦·坡1809-1849): 1) the most controversial and most misunderstood literary figure in the history; enjoyed respect and welcome in Europe; the father of psychoanalytic, modern short story and detective story.
2)Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque (怪异故事集1804 frist collection of stories); The Raven(乌鸦1845).
6.The Raven P61: is the famous of Poe’s poems, notable for its melodic and dramatic qualities.
Literacy devices: trochaic octameter (八音部扬抑格); 1)Alliteration 押头韵; 2)Onomatopoeia 拟声词; 3)Personification 拟人; 4)Internal Rhyme 行间韵; 5)Allusions 典故; 6)Repetition 重复; 7)Simile 明喻.
Chapter 3
1.Background:
1) 1865-1910s American realism was dominated American literature.
2) 1861-1865 the Civil War(industrial North → agriculture South) a turning point in American history.
3)end of 19th century American naturalism: the struggle for existence, survival of the fittest and natural selection.
The theory of social Darwinism: the weak and stupid would for a victim in the nature course of events to economic forces.(在自然发展中，弱势群体会成为金钱的受害者。)
2. American realism(reality, actuality美国现实主义)：A movement that sprang up in the latter half of the 19th century,
which aims at an interpretation of the actualities of any aspect of life, free from subjective prejudice, idealism, or romantic color. It tended to equate literature with life and value literature for its true-to-life qualities. It expresses the concern for the commonplace and the low. The leading figures are William Dean Howells, Mark Twain and Henry James.
3. American naturalism(美国自然主义): A particular school on the late 19th century. It conceives of man as controlled by
his instincts or his passions, or by his social and economic environment and circumstances. The tone of the Naturalistic writers was often gloomy and pessimistic. Famous writers included Stephen Crane, Frank Norris, Jack London and Theodore Dreiser.
4. Local Colorism(fidelity, faithful representation, local features乡土特色):A movement which came into prominence
in the U.S. after the Civil War. It manifests a quality in literature, stressing fidelity to a particular geographical section and a faithful representation of its local features(habits, speech, manners, history, folklore, or beliefs). The writers included Mark Twain, Bert Harte(the frist well-known local color writer),Kate Chopin, Joel Changler Harris.
5. Mark Twain (马克·吐温1835-1910):
1)Characteristics of his works: the tradition of Western humor and frontier realism; writes about his people and his own life; use of the dialect and portrayal of the local.
2) The Gilded Age (镀金时代1837 the first novel); The Adventures of Tom Sawyer(汤姆·索亚历险记1876); The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (哈克贝利·弗恩历险记1884)
6. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克贝利·弗恩历险记P98
1) Symbols: ①Journey down the Mississippi River:(a journey of growth and maturity) for Huck and Jim, the river symbolizes freedom. The two follow the river from the South to the North to escape the oppression they both face at home. Huck wants to get away from his abusive father and family while Jim, a black slave, wants to live in a free state.
②Women: civilization
2) Themes:①Struggle between freedom & slavery; ②Conflict between civilization & “natural life”; ③Slavery or Racism?
7.Theodore Dreiser(西奥多·德莱塞1871-1945):1)outstanding American practitioner of Naturalism;2)powerful in
portraying the changing American life; 3)style considered crude
Major Features:1)stressed determinism in his novel which deal with everyday life;2)subject to the control of the natural forces of heredity and environment;3)fully shaped by circumstance and disposition;4) truthfully reflected the society and people of his time;5)powerful narrative and powerful frankness .
Trilogy三部曲：Titan, The Stoic, The Genius
8.Sister Carrie(嘉莉妹妹) P124
Themes:1)American Dream: Carrie--- acquisition of the finer things in life: the elegant clothes she will wear, the exciting places to which she will go, and the fashionable people with whom she will associate; Drouet--- a beautiful woman to adorn his arm and his own home; Hurstwood--- love, appreciation, and more prestige. 2)Wealth and Poverty: a wide division existed between the wealthy and the poor; the distinction between social classes is obvious. 3)Sex :Carrie uses sex to gain status for herself.
Chapter 4
1.Background:
1)1920s the second renaissance in the history of American literature.
2)1917 America entered the Frist World War
3)consumerism: phonograph record, record player, motion picture, radio, telephone, automobile
4)the Imagist Movement(1912-1917): momentary impression; T. S.Eliot (The Waste Land荒原mark the beginning of the
modern poetry.); Ezra Pound
5)The Great Depression 1929(Hemingway For Whom the Bell Tolls→the turn in his writing and the end of ‘the lost Generation’)
2. The Lost Generation: a term to refer to a group of young Americans who felt disillusioned , disgusted, despair and confused after took the Frist World War. Therefore, they left their native land and formed a community of writers and artists in Paris with the help of an American writer Gertrude Stein. Later on this group of writers were addressed as ‘the Lost Generation’ by Stein. The most well-known figures are Ezra Pound, Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, etc. .
3. Southern Renaissance(南方文艺复兴)：A term to describe the revival of American Southern literature from the 1920s
and 1930s to the 1950s. Most of the writings deal with the struggle between those who embraced social changes and those who were skeptical and conservative or challenged social change outright. The writers were engaged in an attempt to come to terms not only with the inherited values of the Southern tradition, but also with a certain way of perceiving and dealing with the past. William Faulkner, Katherine Anne Porter, Eudora Welty, Tennessee Williams are among the most distinguished writers in the early 20th century.
4. Robert Frost(罗伯特·弗罗斯特1874-1963)：1)bucolic poetry田园诗(farm and farming activities)；2）The Road Not
Taken P147 3)Style: Rejected the revolutionary poetic principles , used traditional forms sand a graceful style; Used symbols from everyday country life to express his deep ideas; Frost’s art is an act of clarification, which, without simplifying the truth, renders it in some degree accessible to everyone; A steady tone of wry humor.
5. Ezra Pound(埃兹拉·庞德1885-1972): 1)a forerunner of modern American poetry and the most controversial figures in the 20th century American literature. 2) In a Station of the Metro(意象派诗歌)P151
6. F. Scott Fitzgerald(弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德1896-1940): The Great Gatsby (1925) P164;The Beautiful and
Damned (1922); Tender is the Night ; The Last Tycoon(1941).
7. William Faulkner(威廉·福克纳1897-1962): American’s greatest novelists and short writers of the 20th century.
The Prominent Representative of Northern Writers.
1)Special setting: Yoknapatawpha County.2)Characterization: vivid, ‘flesh and blood people that will stand up and cast a shadow’; enjoying the complicated state with little interference; 3)Plot: most about history of American South ( rise and fall; glory and evil sides; family story). 4):Theme: in praise of eternal virtues in human history: love, pity, honor and
self-sacrifice. 5) Style: stream-of-consciousness(意识流). 6)Point of view: a new and experimental technique; multiple
points of view and unreliable narrator. 7) The Marble Faun (1924 the frist book); Soldier’s Pay (1926 the frist novel); The Sound and the Fury(frist real success); 1930s→As I Lay Dying; Light in August; Absalom! Absalom!. 8)A Rose for Emily P177
8. Ernest Hemingway (欧内斯特·海明威1899 - 1961): A Farewell to Arms; The Sun Also Rises; For Whom the Bell Tolls;
The Old Man and the Sea
1)Writing Style: Focuses on people living essential, dangerous lives; wrote of their courageous and usually futile battles against circumstances. 2)Hemingway code hero: the endurance to accept pain, even loss--when the loss cannot be avoided; the pride of knowing that one has done one's best, with the courage to act truly according to one's own nature; and the will to face defeat or victory without whining on one hand or boasting on the other.
9.The Old Man and the Sea. P190
Major Themes:1)Heroism:Triumph over crushing adversity is the heart of heroism,Hemingway vision of heroism is Sisyphean, requiring continuous labor for quintessentially ephemeral ends. 2)Manhood: To be a man is to behave with honor and dignity;to not succumb to suffering, to accept one's duty without complaint, and to display a maximum of self-control. 3)Success: Two different types of success (outer, material success and inner, spiritual success. ).
陶洁版美国文学选读_第三版_课后习题答案解析
美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案洁(部分) Unit 1 Benjamin Franklin Questions 1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography? Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it 2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed? His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother. 3.How did he arrive in Philadephia? First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington on foot, in Burlington he found a boat which was going towards Philadelphia, he arrived there about eight
美国文学简史复习
美国文学简史 复习资料 2016年12月23日 目录 殖民时期及十八世纪美国文学 美国浪漫主义早期 新英格兰超验主义 美国浪漫主义后期 美国现实主义文学 美国乡土文学 美国现代诗歌 美国现代小说 美国南方文学
美国现代戏剧美国黑人文学美国华裔文学
殖民时期及十八世纪美国文学 New England：Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, named by Captain John Smith ?Puritanism Doctrines of Puritanism：predestination（命运神定), original sin, total depravity (彻底的堕落), and limited atonement (有限的赎罪)from God’s grace Puritans left Europe for America in order to prove that they were God’s chosen people who would enjoy God’s blessings on earth and in Heaven. They felt that they were exiles under the special grace of God to establish a theocracy in the New World. Style of writing：the style is fresh, simple and direct; the rhetoric is plain and honest；a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the Bible Puritans’way of Life：hard work, thrift, piety, and sobriety. In Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter there is a good description of the Puritans’life. Main writers William Bradford Of Plymouth Plantation普利茅斯垦殖记 Thomas Paine Common Sense 常识；American Crisis美国危机；The Rights of Man人权；The Age of Reason 理性时代 Philip Freneau The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The Wild Honeysuckle野金银花 Benjamin Franklin Autobiography富兰克林自传 Thomas Jefferson Draft the Declaration of Independence. 美国浪漫主义早期 Romanticism Background of Romanticism：Economic boom and national optimism ；Favorable literary milieu: increasing number of magazines ；Foreign influences: the Romantic Movement in Europe. Characteristics of Romanticism：
美国文学选读复习资料
American Puritanism 殖民地时期 ( roughly from the settlement of America in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th) 一、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明?富兰克林 作品： 1、Poor Richard's Almanac 《格言历书》--- A Collection of maxims, or proverbs, on the value of work and savings for success. 2、The Autobiography 《自传》---“美国梦”的根源 3、参与起草《独立宣言》 浪漫主义American Romanticism The Romantic Period stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War. It is a period of the great flowering of American literature. The social and cultural background of Romanticism The young Republic was flourishing into a politically, economically and culturally independent country. The Romantic writings revealed unique characteristics of their own in their works and they grew on the native lands. The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature. The American Puritanism as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values. Romantics frequently shared certain general characteristics:moral enthusiasm,faith in value of in dividualism and intuitive perception,and a presumption that the natural world was a source of good ness and man’s societies as a source of corruption. 二、Edgar Allan Poe埃德加·爱伦·坡 ---poet,short story writer and literary critic(48poems,70short stories) He greatly influenced the devotees of“Art for art’s sake.” He was father of psychoanalytic criticism(心理分析批评),and the detective story.诗歌的精髓就是追求美 小说的主题常常是恐怖和死亡，其中还运用了象征手法。 The Poetic Principle: 1.The poem,should be short,readable at one sitting; 2.Beauty(the rhythmical creation of beauty); 3.Melancholy忧伤(especially the death of a beautiful woman).
2018年自学考试《美国文学选读》试题
2018年自学考试《美国文学选读》试题 Multiple choice; 1._________ works are marked by a preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of original sin and the mystery of evil. A.Emerson’s B. Hawthorne’s C. Thoreau’s D. Allan Poe’s 2. Irving’s “Rip Van Winkle”got ideas from _______ legends. A.B ritish B. German C. Italian D. French 3. “Rip Van Winkle”reveals the theme of ______ the past. A. nostalgia for B. rejectionn to C. detachment from D. dislike for 4. In Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter , “A”may stand for ____________. A. Angel B. Adultery C. Able D.all the above 4. According to Hawthorne, the scarlet letter “A”which originally stood for “____”finally obtained the meaning of “able”or “angel”through Hester’s efforts. A. adultery B. arrogance C. accomplishment D. agony 5. Which one is not the characteristics of the puritan style? A. Fresh B. Simple C. Grand D. Direct 6. In his ______, Benjamin Franklin creates the image of a boy’s rise from rags to riches and demonstrates his belief that the new world America was a land of opportunities which might be met through hard work and wise management.
美国文学史及选读复习重点
Captain John Smith (first American writer). Anne Bradstreet；The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America （colonists living） Edward Taylor(the best puritan poet) John Cotton ”the Patriarch of New England” teacher spiritual leader Benjamin Franklin The Autobiography Poor Richard’s Almanack Thomas Jefferson： Political Career Thoughts The Declaration of Independence we hold truth to be self-evidence Philip Freneau“Father of American Poetry” The Wild Honey Suckle American Romanticism optimism and hope Nationalism Washington Irving“Father of American Literature short story”The first “Pure Writer” A History of New York The Sketch Book marked the beginning of American Romanticism! “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”Rip Van Winkle James Fenimore Cooper Father of American sea and frontier novels Leather stocking Tales The Last of the Mohicans The Pioneers The Prairie The Pathfinder The Deerslayer Edgar Allan Poe father of detective story and horror fiction Tales of the Grotesque and the Arabesque “MS. Found in a Bottle” “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” “The Fall of the House of Usher”“The Masque of the Red Death”“The
美国文学选读期末考试重点
1、The Colonial Period（1607-1765） American Puritanism ( in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th) 北美第一位女诗人Anne Bradstreet(宗教气息，夫妻恩爱) Edward Taylor 都受英国玄学派影响（metaphysical） 2、The Enlightenment and Revolution Period Benjamin Franklin:Poor Richard's Almanac The Autobiography---“美国梦”的根源 3、American Romanticism（end of 18th to the civil war） American writers emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature. 早期浪漫主义Washington Irving father of American Literature
美国文学选读试题
美国文学史及作品选读模拟试题一 ) '×15=15I.Multiple Choice (1'______was the first colony in American history. C1. D.Georgia C. Virginia A. Massachusetts B. New Jersey War. the before Revolutionary only good American author 2. _B_____ was the
One “His shadow lies heavier than any other man's on of his fellow Americans said, this young nation.”D.Thomas Paine B. Benjamin Franklin C. Thomas Jefferson A. John Smith 3. Romantics put emphasis on the following EXCEPT __A____. D. individualism C. intuition B. imagination A. common sense The Raven was written in 1844 by __B______ 4. B. Edgar Allan Poe A. Philip Freneau D. Emily Dickinson C. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 5. The ship __C____ carried about one hundred Pilgrims and took 66 days to beat its way across the Atlantic. In December of 1620, it put the Pilgrims ashore at Plymouth, Massachusetts. D. Titanic C. Mayflower B. Armada A. Sunflower D____ is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in 6. Melville's novel __ pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale. Moby Dick D. C. White Jacket A. Typee B. Omoo 7. As a philosophical and literary movement, __D____ flourished in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War. D.Transcendentalism C.Sentimentalism B.Rationalism A.Modernism 8. The theme of original sin is fully reflected in ___A______. B. Sister Carrie A. The Scarlet Letter The Old Man and Sea D. C. The Great Gatsby 9. In all his novels Theodore Dreiser sets himself to project the ___B___ American values. For example, in Sister Carrie, there is not one character whose status is not determined economically. 页1 第 A. Puritan B. materialistic C. psychological D. religious 10. Realism was a reaction against____B__ or a move away from the bias towards
美国文学史及选读考研复习笔记6.
History And Anthology of American Literature （6） 附：作者及作品 一、殖民主义时期The Literature of Colonial America 1．船长约翰·史密斯Captain John Smith 《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》 “A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony” 《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》 “A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country” 《弗吉尼亚通史》“General History of Virginia” 2．威廉·布拉德福德William Bradford 《普利茅斯开发历史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation”3．约翰·温思罗普John Winthrop 《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England” 4．罗杰·威廉姆斯Roger Williams 《开启美国语言的钥匙》”A Key into the Language of America” 或叫《美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南》 Or “A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England ” 5．安妮·布莱德斯特Anne Bradstreet 《在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯》 ”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America” 二、理性和革命时期文学The Literature of Reason and Revolution 1。本杰明·富兰克林Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) ※《自传》“ The Autobiography ” 《穷人理查德的年鉴》“Poor Richard’s Almanac” 2。托马斯·佩因Thomas Paine (1737-1809) ※《美国危机》“The American Crisis” 《收税官的案子》“The Case of the Officers of the Excise”《常识》“Common Sense” 《人权》“Rights of Man” 《理性的时代》“The Age of Reason” 《土地公平》“Agrarian Justice” 3。托马斯·杰弗逊Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) ※《独立宣言》“The Declaration of I ndependence” 4。菲利浦·弗瑞诺Philip Freneau (1752-1832) ※《野忍冬花》“The Wild Honey Suckle” ※《印第安人的坟地》“The Indian Burying Ground” ※《致凯提·迪德》“To a Caty-Did” 《想象的力量》“The Power of Fancy” 《夜屋》“The House of Night” 《英国囚船》“The British Prison Ship” 《战争后期弗瑞诺主要诗歌集》 “The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War” 《札记》“Miscellaneous Works” 三、浪漫主义文学The Literature of Romanticism 1。华盛顿·欧文Washington Irving (1783-1859) ※《作者自叙》“The Author’s Account of Himself” ※《睡谷传奇》“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” 《见闻札记》“Sketch Book” 《乔纳森·欧尔德斯泰尔》“Jonathan Oldstyle” 《纽约外史》“A History of New York” 《布雷斯布里奇庄园》“Bracebridge Hall” 《旅行者故事》“Tales of Traveller” 《查理二世》或《快乐君主》“Charles the Second” Or “The Merry Monarch” 《克里斯托弗·哥伦布生平及航海历史》 “A History of the Life and V oyages of Christopher Columbus” 《格拉纳达征服编年史》”A Chronicle of the Conquest of Grandada” 《哥伦布同伴航海及发现》 ”V oyages and Discoveries of the Companions of Columbus” 《阿尔罕布拉》“Alhambra” 《西班牙征服传说》“Legends of the Conquest of Spain” 《草原游记》“A Tour on the Prairies” 《阿斯托里亚》“Astoria” 《博纳维尔船长历险记》“The Adventures of Captain Bonneville” 《奥立弗·戈尔德史密斯》”Life of Oliver Goldsmith” 《乔治·华盛顿传》“Life of George Washington” 2．詹姆斯·芬尼莫·库珀James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851) ※《最后的莫希干人》“The Last of the Mohicans” 《间谍》“The Spy” 《领航者》“The Pilot” 《美国海军》“U.S. Navy” 《皮袜子故事集》“Leather Stocking Tales” 包括《杀鹿者》、《探路人》”The Deerslayer”, ”The Pathfinder” 《最后的莫希干人》“The Last of the Mohicans” 《拓荒者》、《大草原》“The Pioneers”, “The Praire” 3。威廉·卡伦·布莱恩特William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878) ※《死之思考》“Thanatopsis” ※《致水鸟》“To a Waterfowl” 4。埃德加·阿伦·坡Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) ※《给海伦》“To Helen” ※《乌鸦》“The Raven” ※《安娜贝尔·李》“Annabel Lee” ※《鄂榭府崩溃记》“The Fall of the House of Usher” 《金瓶子城的方德先生》“Ms. Found in a Bottle” 《述异集》“Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque” 5。拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) ※《论自然》“Nature” ※《论自助》“Self-Reliance” 《美国学者》“The American Scholar” 《神学院致辞》“The Divinity School Address” 《随笔集》“Essays” 《代表》“Representative Men” 《英国人》“English Traits” 《诗集》“Poems” 6。亨利·戴维·梭罗Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) ※《沃尔登我生活的地方我为何生活》 1
陶洁版美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案解析
美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案陶洁(部分) Unit 1 Benjamin Franklin Questions 1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography? Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it 2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed? His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother. 3.How did he arrive in Philadephia? First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington on foot, in Burlington he found a boat which was going towards Philadelphia, he arrived there about eight
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A Concise History of American Literature Chapter 1 Colonial Period I.Jonathan Edwards 1.life 2.works (1)The Freedom of the Will (2)The Great Doctrine of Original Sin Defended (3)The Nature of True Virtue 3.ideas – pioneer of transcendentalism (1)The spirit of revivalism (2)Regeneration of man (3)God’s presence (4)Puritan idealism II.Benjamin Franklin 1.works (1)Poor Richard’s Almanac (2)Autobiography 2.contribution (1)He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital and the American Philosophical Society. (2)He was called “the new Prometheus who had stolen fire (electricity in this case) from heaven”. (3)Everything seems to meet in this one man –“Jack of all trades”. Herman Melville thus described him “master of each and mastered by none”. Chapter 2 American Romanticism Section 1 Early Romantic Period I.Washington Irving 1.several names attached to Irving (1)first American writer (2)the messenger sent from the new world to the old world (3)father of American literature 2.works (1)A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty (2)The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. (He won a measure of international recognition with the publication of this.) (3)The History of the Life and V oyages of Christopher Columbus (4)A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada (5)The Alhambra 3.Literary career: two parts (1)1809~1832 a.Subjects are either English or European b.Conservative love for the antique (2)1832~1859: back to US 4.style – beautiful (1)gentility, urbanity, pleasantness (2)avoiding moralizing – amusing and entertaining (3)enveloping stories in an atmosphere
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一 1.―He was silent with conceit of his son. Mrs. Morel sniffed, as if it were nothing.‖(Sons and Lovers by https://www.wendangku.net/doc/19648062.html,wrence)From the above quotation, we can see that Mrs. Morel’s attitude to her husband is ______ . A. sincerely warm B. genuinely kind C. seemingly angry D. merely contemptuous 2. A boy makes a quest of his idealized childish love through painful experience up to the point of losing his innocence and coming to see the drabness and harshness of the adult world. The above sentence may well sum up the major theme of ______. A. Eliot’s poem The love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock B. Bernard Shaw’s play Mrs. Warren’s Profession C. Joyce’s story Araby D. Lawrence’s story The Horse Dealer’s Daughter 3. Linguistically, compared with the writing s of Mark Twain, Henry James’s fiction is noted for his ______. A. frontier vernacular B. rich colloquialism C. vulgarly descriptive words D. refined elegant language 4. Which of the following statements about Washington Irving is NOT true? A. Literary imagination should breed in a land rich in the past culture. B. He is preoccupied with the Calvinistic view of original sin and the mystery of evil. C. His stories are among the best of the American literature. D. Some of his works are based on the materials of the European legendary tales. 5. Which of the following is NOT one of the main ideas advocated by Emerson, the chief spokesman of New England Transcendentalism? A. As an individual, man is divine and can develop and improve himself infinitely. B. Nature exercises a healthy and restorative influence on human beings. C. There exists an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal ―Oversoul.‖ D. Evil and sin are ever present in human heart and will pass on from one generation to another.‖ 6. Whitman’s poems are characterized by all the following features EXCEPT ______ . A. the strict poetic form B. the free and natural rhythm C. the easy flow of feelings D. the simple and conversational language 7. ―Then all collapsed, and the great shroud of the sea rolled on as it rolled five thousand years ago.‖ In the quoted sentence, the author might imply that ______. A. nothing changes in the 5000 years of human history B. man’s desire to conquer nature can only end in his own de struction C. nature is evil as it was 5000 years ago D. nature has the ultimate creative power