台湾盾椿象科卵及若虫之形态(半翅目：椿象总科)

台灣盾椿象科卵及若蟲之形態（半翅目：椿象總科）

Morphology of Eggs and Nymphs of Scutelleridae in Taiwan

(Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea)

研究生：楊景堯Y ang, Jing-Y ao

指導教授：張萃媖Chang, Tsui-Ying

【摘要】

本論文主要對盾椿象科（半翅目：椿象總科）昆蟲卵及各齡期若蟲之形態構造作深入研究，並依據比較形態學之觀點重新修訂各部構造名稱。本研究透過飼養取得盾椿象科之卵及各齡若蟲，觀察得知若蟲必需取食寄主植物之成熟果實後方可存活並完成生活史，而飼養中若只提供寄主植物之葉片而未提供果實，則雌成蟲無法順利產卵與繁殖後代。各齡若蟲可依中、後胸背板兩側之差異來區辨，一齡若蟲之中、後胸背板兩側無向腹面延伸；二齡時可見中胸背板兩側向腹面延伸；三齡時中、後胸背板兩側皆向腹面延伸；四齡若蟲由背面觀具明顯翅芽；五齡時翅芽延伸至腹部第三節。一齡若蟲未發現單眼，二齡若蟲之單眼清楚可見，並隨齡期增加越明顯。依據解剖學觀點確定若蟲腹部腹板並未向背方延伸而形成腹緣。若蟲四、五齡時可區辨雌雄兩性，雌蟲於腹部第八、九節腹板上各具一裂縫，雄蟲則否。文中詳細繪圖與描述11種台灣地區盾椿象科之各齡蟲，並製作盾椿象科卵、一齡若蟲及二至五齡若蟲之檢索表，以供種類區辨。

關鍵字：半翅目、盾椿象科、卵、若蟲、形態學

【Abstract】

In the present study the eggs and nymphs of Scutelleridae (Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea) had been researched.The terminologies of eggs and nymphs had been interpreted and revised according to the morphological comparative study. All of the colonies were maintained in an incubator at 25°C condition, they must be reared on the ripe fruits of host plants that will increase the survival rate and o viposition rate. The lateral margins of mesonotum and metanotum of nymphs were different with specific instars which could discriminate the instars of nymph. The lateral margins of mesonotum and metanotum didn’t extend to ventral on 1st instar. The lateral margin of mesonotum extended to ventral on 2nd instar. The lateral margins of mesonotum and metanotum extend to ventral on 3rd instar. The wing buds were found on the 4th instar dorsal view. The wing buds extend to 3rd abdomen on 5th instar. The ocelli we re absent on 1st instar nymph, but they will present on 2nd instar nymph and they will become more developed with the

increased instar. The connexivum absent. The sex will be judged on 4th and 5th instars nymphs, the female abdomen was discovered the cleft in the 8th and 9th sternum, but male won’t. In this paper, 11 species of eggs and nymphs of Scutelleridae in Taiwan were described and illustrated. Keys to species in eggs and nymphs of 1st and later instars were given for identification.

Key words: Hemiptera, Scutelleridae, egg, nymph, morphology