高三语法填空做题方法及策略

语法填空

2014年高考取消单选，换成语法填空对于今年的考生既是机遇更是挑战，其意义是引导学生学习基本语法并在语言运用中正确使用语法，学会实用的语法。

考察的填空分为两类：(1)给出提示词题型：填实义词——用括号里所给词的适当形式填空。主要提供的是动词、形容词、名词三大类，考生需要根据语境写出正确的词形，包括动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词，形容词和副词的比较等级，名词的单复数，以及词类或词义的转换等。(2)纯空格题型：填功能词——空后没给词，答案限定在一个词，

要求考生根据文意、上下文连贯性和行文逻辑，填入一个恰当的词，包括代词、介词、限定词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词等)、连词、时间及地点副词等。

语法填空考察的是学生以下几方面的能力：

1、阅读/理解语篇的能力;

2、分析句子结构的能力;

3、熟练运用语法的能力。

做语法填空题总体上应该掌握以下几个步骤：

1.通读全文把握大意

2. 试填空格，先易后难

3. 重读全文，解决难题。

4.拼写正确，

书写规范，大小写准确

做语法填空的一些潜规则：

1.不会出现不填的情况，哪怕填的词可以省略（比如that在定语从句中作宾语），也要填出正确的单词

2.答案并不一定是唯一的（比如在限制性定语从句中代指物既可用that也可用which）

3.一空最多不会出现填超出3个单词

4.一篇语法填空里的答案不会雷同，甚至所考空处的语法知识一般也不会雷同，这样当我们确定一些答案之后，剩余的答案可以排除一些可能的词性和形态，这有助于我们解决难题。

以下是一些做此类题的常规思路和解法

有提示词类题的解题技巧

提示词为动词：第一步：确定句中是否缺谓语或并列谓语，如缺谓语动词，则为谓语动词。第二步：若为谓语动词，就要看主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系，以确定用主动语态还是被动语态，同时还要根据语境考虑用哪种时态。第三步：要注意主谓一致。(2013年高考)One day，Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he ________ (find) that he had run out of salt. Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking，” Jane ________(inform)．

That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, (close) my book and walked away. (2008年广州一模)

当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列，该动词就是非谓语动词。此时，就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式。如作主语或宾语，就用动名词(表一般意义)或不定式形式(表具体意义)；作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，用不定式；作伴随状语

或作定语，要根据与逻辑主语的关系，用现在分词或过去分词；有时也要根据句式搭配来确定，如see/hear/ notice sb.do/doing sth., spend...doing sth.等。具体解题技巧如下：第一步：若句中已有谓语，也不是作并列谓语时，应为非谓语动词。

第二步：根据非谓语动词在句中所作句子成分、句式的特殊要求，或某些词语的特殊要求，确定用哪种非谓语动词形式。如作目的状语一般用不定式形式，作主语或宾语用ing形式或不定式，在enjoy, finish等动词后作宾语用ing形式，在decide, refuse等动词后作宾语要用不定式形式等等。

第三步：确定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系。

第四步：根据非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的动作发生的先后关系确定用一般式还是用完成式。

The headmaster went into the lab, ________ (follow) by the foreign guests.

He suddenly appeared in class one day，（wear）sun glasses. Lessons (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. (广东考试说明)

_______ (complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.

提示词为形容词或副词

形容词一般变为相对应的副词，比较级或最高级。副词出现较少，一般也是变为比较级或最高级

There must be something _______(serious) wrong with our society. (2008潮州期末) I have been trying this for a long time, and the longer I try, the (easy) ________it gets.

The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could…He jumped even ______ (hard) and finally made himself out. (2008年期末)

Your mistake caused a lot of ________ (necessary) work in the office.

The ___ __ (bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said. (2007梅州二模)

纯空格题的解题技巧

无提示词类题的解题技巧

代词

纯填空题中出现上文中的同一人或事物，只能用相对应的代词，不可用同一名词。

He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water was awful.Why did you pretend to like？”(2012年高考)“Do you need those glasses for medical reasons？”．..Then he took off, gave a big smi le and said, “That is cool.”

Jane was walking round the department store.She remembered how difficult________was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father

冠词，形容词性物主代词和名词

冠词和形容词性的物主代词不可同时修饰同一名词，所以一旦名词前已经有冠词，就不会再填一形容词性物主代词来修饰这一名词，反之亦然。如果句子结构完整，所需填的空前面有冠词或形容词性物主代词，而后面并无名词，这个题一定填名词。

Jane knew from past experience that her________(choose) of ties hardly ever pleased

her father.

But she quickly realized that it wasn't her, it was probably the fact that she sat in last row.

Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not______pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet...

It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help ___33___rice crop grow up quickly. (2008年广东高考)

介词

当空格后的名词、代词或动名词不是作主语、表语，也不是作动词的宾语时，填介词。

因为名词和代词最典型的用法是作主语或宾语，既然不作主语和动词的宾语，就应是作介词的宾语了，所以要填介词。具体填什么介词，由介词与该名词的搭配及其意义来决定，也可能是由动词或谓语与介词的句式搭配来决定。

She found some good quality pipes________sale.

When Jane got home, with her small but wellchosen present in her bag, her parents were already________table having supper.

He was very tired________doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy.

连词

当空格前后都是句子(一个主谓关系算一个句子)，且这两个句子之间为主从句，一般填关系词，若俩个句为表示联合、选择、转折等意义的并列句，填相对应的并列连词。（but, and, or 等）

Behind him were other people to he was trying to talk，...

he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong.

Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary，made her feel like a star.

The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered ______the boy would do.

(2013年高考)Nick's guests，________had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.

情态动词或助动词

若句子结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词，或强调谓语的do, does, did, 或构成部分倒装的助动词do，does，did 等；

What's amazing is that Pluto ________understand everything dad says.

I explained that while I didn't carry any cash, I________happen to have a new blanket, and asked him if he could use it.He was thrilled.

（2014年全国卷语法填空样题）

Mum: (putting on her coat) I'm going to have to go down to the shop for

more bread.

Alan: Why?

Mum: I'm not sure what 61 (happen). I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table 62 I went to answer the phone. But someone

must have taken them because they're 63 (go).

Alan: Oh, it must have been Dad. I'm sure he was in the kitchen 64 (early). Mum: No, he went off to his tennis match before I finished 65 (make) them, so he couldn't have done it. 66 , he couldn't carry a plate of

sandwiches as well as all his tennis stuff, so I'm sure 67 wasn't him. Alan: (opening fridge door) Well, it wasn't me. But Mum, look! Are these your sandwiches here on the bottom shelf of 68 fridge?

Mum: Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I 69 have put them in there when the phone rang. Oh, dear. I really must be losing my 70 . Now, why did I put on my coat?

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所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式 复数的所有格children’s。 技巧二：动词形式变化。 动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。 例：A talk (give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.句中的is written是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是将来作的，故用不定式;且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式to be given。

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