专业英语课后习题答案
Lesson2
Exercises
1. Put the following into Chinese.
（1）Ohm’s law states that the voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to the current flowing through the resistor. The constant of proportionality is the resistance value of the resistor in ohms.
流过电路里电阻的电流，与加在电阻两端的电压成正比，与电阻的阻值成反比。这就是欧姆定律。
（2）Many materials, however, closely approximate an ideal linear resistor over a desired operating region.
不过，许多材料在规定的工作范围内非常接近理想线性电阻。
（3）It should be noted that an ideal voltage source (dependent or independent ) will produce any current required to ensure that the terminal voltage is as stated, whereas an ideal current source will produce the necessary voltage to ensure the stated current flow.
应该注意：一个理想电压源（独立或受控）可向电路提供任意电流以保证其端电压为规定值，而电流源可向电路提供任意电压以保证其规定电流。
（4）A different class of relationship occurs because of the restriction that some specific type of network element places on the variables. Still another class of relationship is one between several variable of the same type which occurs as the result of the network configuration, i. e., the manner in which the various element of the network are interconnected.
一种不同类型的关系是由于网络元件的某种特定类型的连接对变量的约束。另一类关系由于网络结构，即网络的不同元件互相连接的方式所产生的相同形式的一些变量间的关系。
（5）The thermal conductivity of metals is as much as several hundred times that of glass.
金属的导热率比玻璃高几百倍。
（6）Magnetic line of force will，whenever passible, travel through iron or other magnetic materials.
磁力线只要有可能就会通过铁或其它磁性材料。
（7）Actually, 0 o C is indeed the lower limit to temperatures capable of being attained.
事实上绝对零度确是所能达到的温度的最低限度。
2. Translate the following into English.
（1）电路元件吸收或释放的功率为元件两端的电压与流过该元件电流的乘积。
The power absorbed or supplied by a circuit element is the product of the voltage across the element and the current through it.
（2）理想独立电源是一个有源元件，它所提供的电压或电流不依赖于电路中其他变量。
An ideal independent source is an active element that provides a specified voltage or current that is completely independent of other circuit variables.
（3）受控电源是一个有源元件，它所提供的电压或电流受电路中某部分电压或电流控制。
An ideal dependent (or controlled) source is an active element in which the source quantity is controlled by another voltage or current.
（4）叠加定理为：线性电路中，任一电压或电流都是电路中各个独立电源单独作用时，在该处产生的电压或电流的叠加。
The superposition principle states that the voltage across (or current through) an element in a linear circuit is the algebraic sum of the voltages across (or current through) that element due to each independent source acting alone.
（5）计算机可分为模拟计算机和数字计算机两种。Computers may be classfied as analog and digital．（6）新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了三分之二。The switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened three times．
（7）超导体在电气应用上的重要性不能被估计过高。The importance of superconductor in the uses of electricity cannot be overestimated.
Exercises
1.Put the following into Chinese.
（1）A bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is a three-layer silicon (or germanium) device consisting of either two p- and one n-type layers of materials (pnp) or two n- and one p-type layers of materials (npn). 双极结型晶体管为三层的硅（或锗）器件，由两个P型和一个N型材料层（NPN）或者两个N型和一个P型材料层（PNP）组成。
（2）Since the emitter follower has a high input impedance and a low output impedance, its voltage gain is less than unity and the power gain is normally lower than that obtained from other configurations.
由于射极跟随器的输入阻抗高且输出阻抗低，其电压增益小于1，功率增益通常也比其他结构小。
（3）The current in a reverse-biased diode is small (typically 10-8A for silicon) and approximately independent of voltage until the breakdown region at high reverse voltages is reached.
反向偏置的二极管中电流很小（硅管的典型值为10-8安），在处于较高的反向电压的击穿区外基本上与电压无关。
（4）Most integrated circuits provide the same functionality as “discrete” semiconductor c ircuits at higher levels of reliability and at a fraction of the cost.
许多集成电路具有和分立的半导体电路相同的功能，而且可靠性更高，成本更低。
（5）Something must be done to prevent the expanding outbreak of bird flu.
必须采取措施防止禽流感大流行。
（6）The first round of the six-part talks had been colored by acrimony over North Korea's nuclear weapons.第一轮六方会谈弥漫着不协调的气氛：会上对朝核问题争论激烈。
（7）Two years’ working is a must to the people who want to take up graduated examination.对于要参加研究生考试的人来说，两年的工龄事是必备条件。
2.Translate the following into English.
（1）模拟放大器根据设定的放大倍数对模拟电压或电流信号进行放大，以推动负载工作。Analog amplifiers can amplify analog voltage or current signals to drive the load according to the preset amplification.
（2）放大器的增益就是放大倍数，用于表示放大器对小信号的放大能力。
The gain of the amplifier is its amplification that is used to express its capability of amplifying small signals.
（3）很多实际应用系统中的放大电路都通过级联多级放大器来提高放大倍数。
Many amplifying circuits in practical application systems chain together a series of amplifier stages to improve their amplification.
（4）模拟电路用于处理在0伏到电源电压之间任意变化的信号。
Analog circuits are used to deal with signals free to vary from zero to full power supply voltage.
（5）这位科学家早年为养家糊口曾干过兼职。During the first part of his life, the scientist ever had a part-time job to support his family.
（6）你建议用什么办法防止漏气? What measures do you propose to prevent the leakage of gas.
（7）迟早这位司机会断送性命的，因为他总违反交通规则。Sooner or later, the driver will get killed, because he is always speeding.
Exercises
1. Put the following into Chinese.
（1）Because of their very high open loop gain, OAs are almost exclusively used with some additional circuitry (mostly with resistors and capacitors), required to ensure a negative feedback loop.
由于运算入大器有较高的开环增益，使用一些辅助电路（主要是电阻和电容），它几乎专门用以确保负反馈环的实现。
（2）The leads of the new condenser are shortened three times as long as those of the old.
新式电容器的引线比老式电容器的引线缩短了三分之一。
（3）In a chemical change, energy is not created, nor is it destroyed.
在化学变化过程中，能量既不会无端生有，也不会无端消失。
（4）The integrated circuit is so called because all of the circuit elements are bonded together rather than separately wired to each other after being manufactured.
集成电路之所以被称为集成电路，是因为所有电路元件集成在一起而不是分立的，制造以后再用导线连接起来。
（5）With radar, we can “see” things at a great distance, and it shows us how far away they are, in which direction they lie, and what movements they are making.
有了雷达，我们就能“看到”远方的物体，雷达还能向我们指明这些物体的距离、方位运动方式。
（6）Electrical contact to the semiconductor regions can be formed by opening new windows on the oxide layer and depositing a thin metal film of high electrical conductivity, such as aluminum(Al).
半导体区域的电接触可以通过在氧化层中重新开出窗口然后在上面淀积一薄层高电导率的金属材料如AL来获得。
（7）An operational amplifier is a high-gain electronic amplifier which is controlled by negative feedback to accomplish many functions or “operations” in analog circuits.
运算放大器是一个受负反馈控制的高增益的电子放大器，用来在模拟电路中完成许多运算功能。2.Translate the following into English.
（1）随着大规模集成电路的出现，电子工业在60年代取得了巨大的进展。
1960s saw the great advance in electronics industry with the emergence of the large scale integrated circuits.
（2）单片集成电路的快速发展和广泛应用得益于平面工艺（planar technology）的优越性。
The monolithic IC technology owes its rapid growth and acceptance to the advantage of planar technology.
（3）电阻越大，通过导线输送一定电流所需的电压就越高。
The greater the resistance, the bigger is the voltage needed to send a given current through the wire.
（4）如果没有无线电，人们就不能看到月球的背面了。
If there had been no radio, man could not have seen the far side of the moon.
（5）我们可以把该函数分成两段来表示。
We may be able to express the function in two sections.
（6）电信号用电子的方法放大，即利用输入放大器的交流电能将信号的功率放大。
The electrical signal is am plified electronically, with an increase in signal po wer occurring at the expense of the input ac power to the amplifier.
(7) 运算放大器（缩写为op amps）是模拟电路的基本组成单元，正如NOR和NAND门电路为数字电路的基本单元一样。
Operational amplifier (op amps, for short)provide basic building blocks for analog circuits in the same way that NOR and NAND gates are basic building blocks for digital circuits.
1. Put the following into Chinese.
(1) The feature of the transistor is that a small varying input voltage may cause a large output voltage to varying like degree or that a small input power may control a large output power.
晶体管的特性就是一个小的变化的输入电压可以产生一个大的相应变化的输出电压，或是一个小的输入功率可以控制一个大的输出功率。
(2) Yet the range of uses of this electronic device is considered to be merely on the threshold of an almost limitless potential.
然而，这种电子设备的使用范围被认为仅仅是一个开端，它几乎具有无限的潜力。
(3) Now that may be a result of experimentation, but we haven’t been able to prove that.
这有可能是实验的结果，但至今我们还不能证实这一点。
（4）Telecommunications means so much in modern life that without it our modern life would be impossible.
电信在现代生活中意义重大，没有它就不可能有我们现在的生活。
（5）MOS transistors are classified as p-channel or n-channel device, depending on the conductivity type of the channel region. In addition, these devices can also be classified according to their mode of operation as enhancement or depletion type devices.
根据沟道区域的导电类型，MOS晶体管可分成P沟道和N沟道，此外，这些器件还可以根据它们的工作模式分成增强型或耗尽型。
（6）In contrast, the bipolar junction transistor requires both hole and electron currents.
相反，双极型结型晶体管既有空穴导电，又有电子导电。
（7）The great value of this new material lies in the fact that it can be used in high-tech area.
这种新材料的巨大价值在于它能够用于高技术领域。
2.Translate the following into English.
（1）在这个工程项目中必须考虑三个因素。
Three factors must be taken into consideration in the project.
（2）与TTL电路相比，基于CMOS技术的逻辑门具有生产工艺简单和功耗低的优点，但工作速度相对慢一些。
Compared with the TTL circuits, logic gates based on the CMOS technology have some merits, such as simple manufacture arts and crafts ,and low power lose, but operate speed is slow correspondingly.
（3）门电路一般又称逻辑电路，因为它们能够完成逻辑运算的功能，在实际设计中应用得十分广泛。
Gates circuits is generally called logic circuits, because they can perform logic operation function, its application is extensive in actual design.
（4）把一个P沟道型的器件和一个PNP结型晶体管的工作原理比较一下是有益的。
It is informative to compare the basic operation of a p-channel device with that of a PNP junction transistor.
（5）晶体管的快速发展的关键是使用了硅代替导线作为基本的导电材料。
The key to the transistor’s rapid development was the use of silicon instead of wire as the basic conductive material.
（6）你熟悉这种类型的晶体管放大器的性能吗？
Are you familiar with the performance of this type of transistor amplifier?
（7）此结果与理论推导的结果完全一致。
The results are in good agreement with those obtained by theoretical deduction.
1. Put the following into Chinese.
(1) Integers are normally written using a positional number system, where each digit represents the coefficient in a power series.
整数的书写通常以位置式计数体制来表示，其中每一位数字代表权位序列中的系数。
(2) From this last example, it is clear how to convert from binary to decimal; just evaluate the power series. To do that easily, it is useful to know the powers of 2, rather than compute them each time they are needed.
在上一个例子中，我们可以很清楚的看到，将二进制转换成十进制只需计算权位序列。为了简化该过程，记住2的各个权位是非常有用的，而不是在每次需要的时候计算它们。
(3) When the size of the storage place for a positive binary number is specified, then leading 0’s are added so as to obtain the correct number of bits.
当指定了一个正二进制数存储位置的大小时，需要在数字前补够0的个数，从而得到正确的位数。
(4) First, we can subtract from the number the largest power of 2 less than that number and put a 1 in the corresponding position of the binary equivalent. We then repeat that with the remainder. A 0 is put in the position for those of 2 which are larger than the remainder.
首先我们可以从该数字中减掉比该数字小的2的最大权位，并在二进制数位中相应的位置上填入1，然后对于余数重复同样的操作。在2的权位大于余数的情况下，在相应的位置上填入0。
(5) The other approach is to divide the decimal number by 2 repeatedly. The remainder each time gives a digit of the binary answer, starting at the least significant bit (a0). The remainder is then discarded and the process is repeated.
另一种方法是，将十进制数反复用2除，每次得到的余数，从最低有效位(a0)开始，给出了二进制中相应的位，然后丢弃余数并重复该过程。
（6）The task would be unnecessary because anyone who read the circuit diagram would in their mind group the components together into standard circuits and think in terms of the “system”functions of the individual gates.
这个工作是不必要的，因为任何阅读电路图的人在心里总会将元件组合成标准电路并且从每个门电路的“系统”功能角度来考虑问题。
（7）That is, it is desirable to broaden the range of values in the regions for 1 and 0 to allow for variations in transistors, power supply voltage, noise that might get mixed in with the signals, and the like.
也就是希望扩展区域1和0的有效范围，以允许晶体管和电源电压的变化以及混杂在信号中的噪声等因素的影响。
2.Translate the following into English.
(1) 在二进制中，数字通常以“位”来表示，其中“位”即是二进制数字的缩写。
In binary, the digits are usually referred to as bits, a contraction for binary digits.
(2) 在计算机中，我们用位表示最小的数据，一组m位二进制数能够传递m位信息。
In computer we use bit to represent the minimum data, a sequence of m binary digits can convey m bits of information.
(3) 数字系统包括大量的与非门、或非门和非门，还有我们以后要讨论的存储器和定时电路。
Digital systems consist of vast numbers of NAND, NOR, AND NOT gates, plus memory and timing circuit which we will discuss later.
（4）设计重要部分在于选择一个独特的逻辑系列产品，这取决于你的最终产品的种类和工作环境。
An important part of the design would be to select a particular “logic family,” depending on the nature and working environment of your eventual product.
（5）通常将表达式D变换为一种更方便的形式可以获得一个更简单的实现方法。
We may accomplish a simpler realization by manipulating the expression for D into a more convenient form.
(6)对S取反的代数表达法是在变量或要取反的表达式上加撇号：S表示对S取反。
The NOT S function is represented algebraically by a prime added to the variable of expression to be NOTed: S means NOT S.
Lesson 7
Exercises
1. Put the following into Chinese.
(1) Feedback control has a long history, which began with the early desire of humans to harness the materials and forces of nature to their advantage.
反馈控制有着悠久的历史，它起源于人类对于自然界物质与自然力量加以利用的愿望。
(2) The associated machines, specifically steam engines, involved large amounts of power, and it was soon realized that this power needed to be controlled in an organized fashion if the systems were to operate safely and efficiently.
相关的各种机器，尤其是蒸汽机，能产生大量的能量。人们很快意识到，要使各个系统安全有效地运行，需要通过有序的方式来控制这种能量。
(3) Indeed, the accuracy of centre-line thickness control has improved by two orders of magnitude over the past 50 years, thanks, in part, to enhanced control.
事实上，在过去的50年中，中轴线厚度的控制精度已经提高了两个数量级，这在一定程度上缘于控制水平的提高。
(4) Beyond these industrial examples, feedback regulatory mechanisms are central to the operation of biological systems, communication networks, national economies, and even human interactions.
在这些工业实例之外，反馈调节机制对于生物系统、通讯网络、国民经济甚至人际交流都发挥着重要作用。
(5) Indeed, to carry out control successfully, one needs to combine many disciplines, including modeling, sensor technology, actuators, communications, computing and interfacing.
事实上，要成功地进行控制，需要综合多个学科的知识，其中包括数学建模、传感器技术、执行器、通信、计算、和接口。
(6) The sun is 330,000 times as large as the earth.
太阳的大小是地球的三十三万倍。
(7) The sales of industrial electronic products have multiplied six times.
工业电子产品销售额增加了五倍。
(8) If the moon were only half as fa r away from the earth as it is，the force of attraction would be 4 times as great．
如果月球离地球的距离比现在的短一半，则引力将为现在的四倍。
2.Translate the following into English.
(1) 如果回到瓦特的飞球调速器，我们会发现，在很多情况下，这些系统会出现自持振荡现象。If we go back to Watt's fly-ball governor, it was found that, under certain circumstances, these systems could produce self-sustaining oscillations.
(2) 二次大战期间，很多学者的开创性工作使得各种单入单出反馈控制问题的简单的图形分析方法产生。The pioneering work of many scholars in the period of the Second World War resulted in simple graphical means for analyzing single-input, single-output feedback control problems.
(3) 实践中的控制系统设计需要循环的努力，即设计者要不断地在建模、设计、仿真、测试和运行中重复。Control-system design in practice requires cyclic effort, in which one iterates through modeling, design, simulation, testing, and implementation.
(4) 为了自动地控制这样一个系统，需要将系统与控制器相连接，控制器也具有其物理实现和自身行为特点的问题。To control such a system automatically, one needs to interface the system to a controller, which will also have a physical realization and behavior.
(5) 新设备的误差概率将降低七分之六。The new equipment will reduce the error probability by seven times.
(6) 煤产量比1983年增长了两倍。The output of coal has been increased three times as against 1983．
(7)那位警察要了比平常多一倍的罚款。The policeman charged double the usual fine.
(8) 参加体育活动的学生已增加到10，000。The students who take part in physical activities have increased to 10,000.
Lesson 8
1. Put the following into Chinese.
(1) The transfer function is valid only for linear time-invariant systems, whereas the state equations can be applied to linear as well as nonlinear systems.传递函数只适用于线性时不变系统；而状态方程既能应用于线性系统，又能应用于非线性系统。
(2) The classical way of writing equations of electric networks is based on the loop method or the node method, which are formulated from the two laws of Kirchhoff.电气网络方程的经典书写方法是以回路法或节点法为基础的，这两种方法可以用基尔霍夫的两条定律来描述。
(3) In fact, we can show that given an electrical device, there is usually an analogous mechanical counterpart mathematically, and vice versa.事实上，我们可以看到，如果给定了一个电气设备，在数学关系上通常存在一个对应的相似的机械装置，反之亦然。
(4) The equations governing the motion of mechanical systems are often formulated directly or indirectly from Newton’s law of motion.机械系统的运动方程常常直接或间接地由牛顿的运动方程来描述
(5) Mass is considered as a property of an element that stores the kinetic energy of translational motion.质量被认为是在直线运动中能够存储动能的元件的特性。
(6) The quartz crystal didn’t vibrate until the voltage was applied.
直到电压加上去以后石英晶体才开始振荡．
(7) Will mechanical watches be made as accurate as electronic ones ？
机械表将会造得和电子表一样准确吗？
(8) On the TV screen the skylab could be seen orbiting round the earth in outer space．
在电视屏幕上，人们可以看到那个空间实验室在外层空间轨道上绕地球运行。
2.Translate the following into English.
(1) 线性系统建模有两种最普通的方法，即传递函数法和状态变量法。There are two most common methods of modeling linear systems namely the transfer function method the state-variable method.
(2) 虽然线性控制系统的分析与设计已经得到很好的发展，但非线性系统的分析与设计却通常非常复杂。Although the analysis and design of linear control systems have been well developed, their counterparts for nonlinear systems are usually quite complex.
(3) 多数的控制系统既包括机械部分，也包括电气部分；有些系统甚至还具有液压的和气动的元件。Most control systems contain mechanical as well as electrical components, although some systems even have hydraulic and pneumatic elements.
(4) 从数学观点来看，电气元件和机械元件的描述是相似的。From a mathematical viewpoint, the descriptions of electrical and mechanical elements are analogous.
(5) 惯量被认为是在旋转运动中能够存储动能的元件的特性。Inertia is considered to be the property of an element that stores the kinetic energy of rotational motion.
(6) 愈来愈多的工程人员宁愿用合成材料而不用天然材料，人们相信这是很自然的。It is believed to be natural that more and more engineers have come to prefer synthetic material to natural material．
(7) 在钟表制造业中，必须保持高精度工艺的传统。In the watch making industry, the tradition of high precision engineering must be kept.
(8) 世界上最早的炸药是在中国制造和使用的。The first explosive in the world was made and used in China．
信息与通信工程专业英语习题讲解学习
信息与通信工程专业英语习题2018
一：专业词汇 1、SIFT：尺度不变特征转换； 2、ANMS：自适应非极大值抑制法； 3、BM3D：三维块匹配； 4、binary thresholding segmentation：最优二值阈值分割 5、rough entropy：粗糙熵 6、rough fuzzy set：粗糙模糊集/粗模糊集 7、Plasma resonance sensing：等离子体共振传感 8、Long period grating：长周期光栅 9、Optical sensor：光学传感器 10、optical fiber sensors：光纤传感器 11、Evanescent field:：倏逝场 12、biochemical sensing：生物医学传感 13、Simultaneous Localization and Mapping（SLAM）：同时定位与地图构建 14、Loop Closure Detection：回环检测 15、General Graph Optimization（g2o）：开源的图优化库 16、Massive multiple-input multiple output （MIMO）：大容量多输入多输出 17、time-division duplex system（TDD：时分双工系统
18、frequency-division duplex system（FDD）：分频双工系统 19、spectral efficiency：频谱效率 20、joint transmission coordinated multipoint：联合传动协调多点 21、GSM：全球移动通信系统(Global System for Mobile communications) 22、MSC：移动业务交换中心(mobile switching center) 23、WAP：无线应用通讯协议（Wireless Application Protocol） 24、redundancy ：冗余度 25、sampling ：抽样 26、quantitative：量化 27、demodulate：解调 28、multiplexable：多路复用的 29、resolution：分辨率 30、Simultaneous Localization and Mapping：即时定位与建图 31、Visual Odometry：视觉里程计 32、Laser Scanner：激光雷达 33、Time-domain：时域 34、Finite-element：有限元
数学专业英语
数学专业英语课后答案
2.1数学、方程与比例 词组翻译 1.数学分支branches of mathematics，算数arithmetics，几何学geometry，代数学algebra，三角学trigonometry，高等数学higher mathematics，初等数学elementary mathematics，高等代数higher algebra，数学分析mathematical analysis，函数论function theory，微分方程differential equation 2.命题proposition，公理axiom，公设postulate，定义definition，定理theorem，引理lemma，推论deduction 3.形form，数number，数字numeral，数值numerical value，图形figure，公式formula，符号notation(symbol)，记法/记号sign，图表chart 4.概念conception，相等equality，成立/真true，不成立/不真untrue，等式equation，恒等式identity，条件等式equation of condition，项/术语term，集set，函数function，常数constant，方程equation，线性方程linear equation，二次方程quadratic equation 5.运算operation，加法addition，减法subtraction，乘法multiplication，除法division，证明proof，推理deduction，逻辑推理logical deduction 6.测量土地to measure land，推导定理to deduce theorems，指定的运算indicated operation，获得结论to obtain the conclusions，占据中心地位to occupy the centric place 汉译英 （1）数学来源于人类的社会实践，包括工农业的劳动，商业、军事和科学技术研究等活动。 Mathematics comes from man’s social practice, for example, industrial and agricultural production, commercial activities, military operations and scientific and technological researches. （2）如果没有运用数学，任何一个科学技术分支都不可能正常地发展。 No modern scientific and technological branches could be regularly developed without the application of mathematics. （3）符号在数学中起着非常重要的作用，它常用于表示概念和命题。 Notations are a special and powerful tool of mathematics and are used to express conceptions and propositions very often. （4）17 世纪之前，人们局限于初等数学，即几何、三角和代数，那时只考虑常数。Before 17th century, man confined himself to the elementary mathematics, i. e. , geometry, trigonometry and algebra, in which only the constants were considered. （5）方程与算数的等式不同在于它含有可以参加运算的未知量。 Equation is different from arithmetic identity in that it contains unknown quantity which can join operations. （6）方程又称为条件等式，因为其中的未知量通常只允许取某些特定的值。Equipment is called an equation of condition in that it is true only for certain values of unknown quantities in it. （7）方程很有用，可以用它来解决许多实际应用问题。
专业英语课后习题答案
Lesson2 Exercises 1. Put the following into Chinese. （1）Ohm’s law states that the voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to the current flowing through the resistor. The constant of proportionality is the resistance value of the resistor in ohms. 流过电路里电阻的电流，与加在电阻两端的电压成正比，与电阻的阻值成反比。这就是欧姆定律。 （2）Many materials, however, closely approximate an ideal linear resistor over a desired operating region. 不过，许多材料在规定的工作范围内非常接近理想线性电阻。 （3）It should be noted that an ideal voltage source (dependent or independent ) will produce any current required to ensure that the terminal voltage is as stated, whereas an ideal current source will produce the necessary voltage to ensure the stated current flow. 应该注意：一个理想电压源（独立或受控）可向电路提供任意电流以保证其端电压为规定值，而电流源可向电路提供任意电压以保证其规定电流。 （4）A different class of relationship occurs because of the restriction that some specific type of network element places on the variables. Still another class of relationship is one between several variable of the same type which occurs as the result of the network configuration, i. e., the manner in which the various element of the network are interconnected. 一种不同类型的关系是由于网络元件的某种特定类型的连接对变量的约束。另一类关系由于网络结构，即网络的不同元件互相连接的方式所产生的相同形式的一些变量间的关系。 （5）The thermal conductivity of metals is as much as several hundred times that of glass. 金属的导热率比玻璃高几百倍。 （6）Magnetic line of force will，whenever passible, travel through iron or other magnetic materials. 磁力线只要有可能就会通过铁或其它磁性材料。 （7）Actually, 0 o C is indeed the lower limit to temperatures capable of being attained. 事实上绝对零度确是所能达到的温度的最低限度。 2. Translate the following into English. （1）电路元件吸收或释放的功率为元件两端的电压与流过该元件电流的乘积。 The power absorbed or supplied by a circuit element is the product of the voltage across the element and the current through it. （2）理想独立电源是一个有源元件，它所提供的电压或电流不依赖于电路中其他变量。 An ideal independent source is an active element that provides a specified voltage or current that is completely independent of other circuit variables. （3）受控电源是一个有源元件，它所提供的电压或电流受电路中某部分电压或电流控制。 An ideal dependent (or controlled) source is an active element in which the source quantity is controlled by another voltage or current. （4）叠加定理为：线性电路中，任一电压或电流都是电路中各个独立电源单独作用时，在该处产生的电压或电流的叠加。 The superposition principle states that the voltage across (or current through) an element in a linear circuit is the algebraic sum of the voltages across (or current through) that element due to each independent source acting alone. （5）计算机可分为模拟计算机和数字计算机两种。Computers may be classfied as analog and digital．（6）新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了三分之二。The switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened three times． （7）超导体在电气应用上的重要性不能被估计过高。The importance of superconductor in the uses of electricity cannot be overestimated.
通信与信息工程专业英语教程参考答案(Communication English)
参考答案( Communication English ) 第一章电子通信导论 1.将表1-1译成中文。 表1-1 通信大事纪 年代事件 公元前3000年埃及人发明象形文字 公元800年借鉴印度, 阿拉伯人使用我们的现行数制 1440年约翰.戈登贝尔发明可移动的金属记录带 1752年贝莱明.富兰克林的风筝证明了雷闪是电 1827年欧姆发表欧姆定律( I = E / R) 1834年 C.F.高斯和E.H.韦伯发明电磁电报 1838年W.F.库克和C.维特斯通发明电报 1844年S.F.B.莫尔斯演示巴尔的摩和华盛顿的电报线路 1850年G.R.基尔赫夫发表基尔赫夫电路定律 1858年铺设第一条越洋电缆, 并于26天后举办博览会 1864年J.C.麦克斯威尔预言电磁辐射 1871年电报工程师协会在伦敦成立 1876年 A.G.贝尔发明电话并获专利 1883年 A.爱迪生发现真空管中的电子流 1884年美国电气工程师协会(AIEE)成立 1887年H.赫兹证明麦克斯威的理论 1900年G.马可尼传送第一个越洋无线电信号 1905年R.芬森登利用无线电传送语音和音乐 1906年L.弗雷斯特真空三极管放大器 1915年贝尔系统完成美国大陆电话线路 1918年 E.H.阿尔莫斯通发明超外差接收机电路 1920年第一个定时无线广播 J.R.卡尔松将取样用于广播 1926年美国演示电视 1927年H.布兰克在贝尔实验室发明负反馈放大器 1931年电传打字机投入运营 1933年 E.H.阿尔莫斯通发明调频 1935年R.A.沃特森-瓦特发明第一个实用雷达 1936年英国广播公司(BBC)开办第一个电视广播 1937年 A.雷弗斯提出脉冲编码调制(PCM) 1941年J.V.阿当拉索夫在依俄华州立大学发明计算机 1945年ENIAC电子数字计算机研发于宾夕伐尼亚大学 1947年布雷登、巴登和肖克利在贝尔实验室研制晶体管 S.O.莱斯在贝尔实验室研究噪声的统计表征1948年 C.E.香农发表他的信息理论
数学专业英语课后答案
2.1 数学、方程与比例 （1）数学来源于人类的社会实践，包括工农业的劳动，商业、军事和科学技术研究等活动。 Mathematics comes from man’s social practice, for example, industrial and agricultural production, commercial activities, military operations and scientific and technological researches. （2）如果没有运用数学，任何一个科学技术分支都不可能正常地发展。 No modern scientific and technological branches could be regularly developed without the application of mathematics. （3）符号在数学中起着非常重要的作用，它常用于表示概念和命题。Notations are a special and powerful tool of mathematics and are used to express conceptions and propositions very often. （4）17 世纪之前，人们局限于初等数学，即几何、三角和代数，那时只考虑常数。 Before 17th century, man confined himself to the elementary mathematics, i. e. , geometry, trigonometry and algebra, in which only the constants were considered. （5）方程与算数的等式不同在于它含有可以参加运算的未知量。 Equation is different from arithmetic identity in that it contains unknown quantity which can join operations. （6）方程又称为条件等式，因为其中的未知量通常只允许取某些特定的值。Equipment is called an equation of condition in that it is true only for certain values of unknown quantities in it. （7）方程很有用，可以用它来解决许多实际应用问题。 Equations are of very great use. We can use equations in many mathematical problems. （8）解方程时要进行一系列移项和同解变形，最后求出它的根，即未知量的值。To solve the equation means to move and change the terms about without making the equation untrue, until the root of the equation is obtained, which is the value of unknown term. 2.2 几何与三角 （1）许多专家都认为数学是学习其他科学技术的必备基础和先决条件。 Many experts recognize that mathematics is the necessary foundation and prerequisite of studying other science technology. （2）西方国家的专家认为几何起源于巴比伦和埃及人的土地测量技术，其实中国古代的数学家对几何做了许多出色的研究。 The western experts think that geometry had its origin in the measurements by the Babylonians and Egyptians of their lands. Infect, the ancient Chinese mathematicians made much remarkable study for geometry. （3）几何的学习使学生在思考问题时更周密和审慎，他们将不会盲目接受任何结论。 In studying geometry, the student is taught to think clearly and critically and he is led away from the practice of blind acceptance of any conclusions. （4）数学培养学生的分析问题的能力，使他们能应用毅力、创造性和逻辑推理来解决问题。
【专业英语课后题答案】 徐鹿专业英语答案
【专业英语课后题答案】徐鹿专业英语答案 Unit 1 The Fundamentals of Computers 1.1 The Varieties of Computers ? III. Translating. – 1. Original : Primary storage, or memory, is the internal computer circuitry that temporarily holds data waiting to be processed. Secondary storage, simply called storage, refers to the devices and media that store data or information permanently. – Translation : 一级存储，或称内存，是临时保存等待被处理数据的计算机内 部电路。而二级存储，简称存储器，是指那些永久性存储数据或信息的设备 和介质。 – 2. Original : A biological nanocomputer, which would be made of DNA and could fit into a single human cell, would use DNA as its software and enzymes as its hardware; its molecular-sized circuits would be viewable only through a microscope. – Translation : 由DNA 制成并能放置在一个单独的人体细胞中的生物学纳米 计算机会利用DNA 作为它的软件，酶作为它的硬件；其具有分子大小尺寸 的电路将只有通过显微镜才能够看见。 1.2 The History of Computers ? III. Translating. – 1. Original : This introduction pought about the first real signs of competition within computing history, which helped to spur faster and better development of computers. – Translation : 这一引入带来了计算历史中可谓第一个真正的竞争标志，有助 于刺激计算机更快 –更好的发展。 – 2. Original : While expensive, these machines started the trend for computers within common households. – Translation : 虽然昂贵，但是这些机器开启了计算机在普通家庭中使用的趋 势。 Unit 2 Computer Hardware 1.1 Computer Motherboard ? III. Translating. – 1. Original : A 2003 study found that some spurious computer crashes and general reliability issues, ranging from screen image distortions to I/O read/write errors, can be attributed not to software or peripheral hardware but to aging capacitors on PC motherboards. – Translation : 2003年的一个研究发现，一些伪劣的计算机损毁和常规可靠性 的问题，从屏幕图像失真到输入/输出读写错误，并不是由于软件或外围硬 件引起的，而是由于PC 机主板上老化的电容器造成的。 – 2. Original : At power-up the central processor would load its program counter with the address of the boot ROM and start executing ROM instructions displaying system information on the screen and running memory checks. – Translation :启动之后，中央处理器将加载记录着引导ROM 地址的程序计数
09通信工程专业英语试卷A及全部答案
琼州学院 09通信工程专业《专业英语》试卷 2011 ——2012学年度第 1 学期期末考试（ C ）卷答案 注意事项： 1、考前请将密封线内填写清楚 2、所有答案请直接答在试卷上（或答题纸上） 3、考试形式：（闭）卷 4、本试卷共 大题，满分100分。考试时间120分钟 5 一、科技常用词组翻译（本题共20 小题，每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分） 1、英翻中 (1)client 客户机 (2)router 路由器 (3)hub 集线器 (4)destination address 目的地址 (5)datagram 数据报 (6)amplify 放大 (7)medium 媒介 (8)information 信息 (9)transmission 传输 (10)multimedia 多媒体 2、中翻英 (1)超链接 hyperlink (2)交易 transation (3)电子商务 E-commerce (4)适配器 adapter (5)调制解调器 modem (6)中国电信 China Telecom (7)数字业务 digital service (8)虚拟现实 virtual reality (9)分组交换网 packet-switching network (10)子网 subnetwork 二、英、中词组正确搭配（每组 1 分，共 10 分） 班 级 姓名 学 号 密 封 装 订 线
1.Bearer channel 数据信道5. 2.Terminal Adapter 处理信号4. 3.analog system 用户设备6. 4.handle signaling 载波信道1. 5.data channel 模拟系统3. 6.customer equipment 终端适配器2. 7.service type 端到端数字连接10. 8.Integrated Services Digital Network 数字交换系统 9. 9.digital switching system 综合业务数字网8. 10.end-to-end digital connectivity 业务类型7. 三、把下面句子翻译成中文（本题共 5 小 题，每题 4 分，共 20 分） 1、Data is a collection of un_organized facts. 数据是无组织的事实的集合. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1a12082609.html,rmation is data that is organized ,has meaning,and is useful. 信息是有组织的,有意义的和有用的数据. 3.The system unit is a box-like case made of metal or plastic. 系统单元是金属或塑料制成的象盒般的箱子. 4.Storage hold data,instruction,and information for future use. 存储器保存数据,指令和信息以便将来使用. 5.Modems are available as both external and internal devices. 调制解调器可作为内部或外部的设备.
数学专业英语一次函数专题
“数学专业英语一次函数专题”教学设计 1. 教学内容及解析 教学内容：与直角坐标系及一次函数相关的英语文献资料 内容解析：本节内容应从两个方面去考虑. 一方面，从数学知识的角度，本节所涉及的是从平面直角坐标系到一次函数的数学知识，都是学生学过的基础知识及其应用，是对于这些知识的拉练式复习，并作为后面用英语叙述解答相关问题知识基础；另一方面，从语言的角度，学生会接触到大量没有接触过，但他们却很熟悉的英语词汇及短语，主动学习的学生可以在老师的指导下快速理解其含义并加入到自己的知识体系中，但需要花时间巩固，是需要读、写、说来巩固的内容. 这也正是本节的重点和难点所在. 2. 教学目标及解析 教学目标：①能根据已有的数学知识和给出的单词对照表，将给出的相关数学定理及结论的英语版本翻译为中文；②能理解并解答用英语表述的相关数学问题；③能将解决数学问题的过程用英语进行书面表述；④初步了解用英语表达与直角坐标系及一次函数相关数学理论的范式. 目标解析：学生掌握基本词汇，并能阅读与本节内容相关的英语文献，是学习和使用数学专业英语的最基本要求，学生需要在学习的过程中逐渐由接受，即阅读或聆听，逐渐向输出，即书面和口头表达的方向发展. 为达到此目标，学生需要在课前独立完成对于本节需要的单词的学习，并阅读一系列简短的相关数学文献，并在这个过程中初步体会数学专业英语的表达范式；在课堂上，在教师的指导下对自己的认知进一步补充，并进行一定量的练习，暴露自己的问题，在教师的帮助下修正问题，完善认知. 3. 教学问题诊断分析 学生在进行语言表达时，往往受到母语的限制，对于非母语的表达方式的接受能力一时难以习惯，而数学对于表达能力则有更高的要求，要求叙述简洁、逻辑清晰，因此本教学设计强调学生在有相当阅读量的积累后，通过自主练习，逐渐感受用英语表达数学理论的基本范式. 教师在教学过程中的主要任务在于为学生提供合适的学习资料，在学生学习的过程中给予提示与指导，及时指出学生的问题并予以纠正. 对于语言的学习，阅读量的积累是至关重要的，教师在课堂上的讲解、学生在课堂上的练习，都只是学习的一部分环节，如果需要帮助学生正确掌握表达数学理论的范式，尽量不留死角，就必须保证课前预习和课后复习的有效性，预习复习材料的充足性，这对教师的教学资料的积累和学生自主学习能力，都是一个挑战. 4. 教学支持条件分析 学情条件：初二8班是实验班，学生有较强的学习热情和好奇心，也知道课前预习、课上参与学习活动、课后复习的重要性，在曾经的数学课程教学中，也有一定的课前预习，课堂讨论的传统，对于本教学设计的各个环节，是可以理解教师的用意，并遵循教师的指导进行学习活动. 在知识层面上，学生已经系统学习过一次函数相关的知识，课程中提供的学习资料都是学生熟悉的数学知识；学生在英语学习上，已经有多年的积累，对于英语语法的学
计算机专业英语教程(第四版)习题答案
计算机专业英语教程(第四版)习题答案
计算机专业英语（第四版）课后习题答案 Unit 1 [Ex 1] Fb5E2RGbCAP [Ex 2] 1. input, storage, processing, and output 2. power; speed; 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. T 9. T 10.
memoryp1EanqFDPw 3. central processing unit memoryDXDiTa9E3d 5. keyboard; [Ex 3] B. A. central processing unit; 1. F 2. D 2. monitor 3. G 4. C 5. B main memory; 6. A 7. E monitorRTCrpUDGiT 8. H5PCzVD7HxA 4. internal; primary;
1. user
3. data
4. keyboard
5. data processingjLBHrnAILg
6. information [Ex 4] instructions
7. computer
8. memory 3. manipulates 4.
1. input device 2. screen, screen 5. retrievexHAQX74J0X 8. Function
6. code 7. hard copy
[Ex. 5] 新处理器开始 IT 技术的新时代 New Processors Open New Era of IT Technologies Last week, Intel introduced to the public in Russia and other CIS countries a family of processors Intel Xeon E5-2600. They are more powerful and reliable and, importantly, are very economical in terms of energy consumption. Their
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专业英语部分习题答案参考
b--吡啶pyridine 巴比妥酸:barbituric acid比电导conductance 不规则的:irregular 崩解剂disintegrant c--萃取extraction 成团:agglomeration 测量仪measurement 肠液:intestinal fluid d--胆固醇cholestero 对映体:enantiomer 电极electrode 代谢:metabolism f--反相渗透reverse osmosis 分布:disposition g--构象:conformation 固化:solidize j--甲苯toluene 静脉注:intravenous injection 挤压:compress 聚集:aggregate 胶囊capsule l--粒子:particle 立体选择性:stereoselectivity 利用率:availability m--灭菌产品sterile products n--粘合剂adhesive p--偏振光:polarized light 片剂tablet 配剂elixir 排泄:excretion q--起始原料starting materials(raw materials) q醛aldehyde r--溶解度:solubility 乳剂emulsion 润滑剂lubricant s--释放:release 渗液solution 生物膜:biologic membrane 生物碱alkaloid, t---糖浆syrup 甜味剂sweetener w--丸剂pill 微生物microorganism 胃液:gastric fluid 稳定态:steady-state x--旋光异构现象:optical isomerism 悬浮液suspension 香味剂flavor 稀释剂diluent 形状:shape 吸收:absorption 消除:elimination y--胰岛素insulin 压片:tablet compression z--中间体intermediate 重结晶recrystallization 左旋:levorotation 蒸馏distillation 组织tissue a--asymmetric carbon不对称碳absorption吸收action动作adhesive粘合剂c--contamination污染chirality:手性compress压缩composite合成的compressibility:可压缩性compaction:压紧contamination specialize特殊污染conductivity电导率control:控制clinical:临床的 d--design:设计dry:干燥delivery:传送 e-- extend:延长epoxide:环氧化物 f-- formulation:制剂fluidity:流动性f unction:功能 g--geometric isomerism:几何异构 h-- hormone激素hydrolysis diastereoisomer:水解非对映异构体 heterogeneous catalyst多相催化剂， i--irrigating冲洗 m-- metabolite代谢物medication药物治疗medicine内服药mill:研磨measure尺寸mix:混合microorganisms微生物 o--ophthalmic眼药 p-- polysaccharide多糖peptide肽plasma血浆penicillin青霉素，precursor:前体partition coefficient:狭义分配系数pharmaceutical制药的parenteral注射药物pycogens热源procedure:程序 q-- quality性质quantity数量 s-- steroid甾类steric effect:空间效应stereoselectivity:立体选择性screening:过筛sustain :维持 t-- treat治疗therapy:治疗 u--uniformity目标v--vaccine疫苗
通信专业英语复习题B卷
通信专业英语复习题Part B 一、基础词汇 1.Inductor电感 2.Alternative Curren t交流电流 3.DC直流 4.Plastic 塑料 5.LED发光二极管 6.fuse保险丝 7.Electric Potential 电势能 8.V oltage电压 9.Ohm’s Law欧姆定律10.Solid 固体12Rectifier 整流器13.Bias 偏置14.FET 场效应晶体管15.Frequency Drift 频率漂移16.Temperature Drift温度漂移 2.OA 18.Gain 增益19.Couple耦合20.Feedback 反馈21.Crystal Oscillator晶体振荡器 22.Conversion 转换23.Phase Detector鉴相器24.Local Oscillator 本机振荡器25.ANT SWITCH天线开关26V oltage Controlled Oscillator 压控振荡器27.Ethernet 以太网28.Configure 配置29.Digital Interface数字接口 30.Frame Relay 帧中继31.TCP 传输控制协议32.PCS 个人通信系统33.DNS 域名服务器34.decode 解码35.Description概述 3.36.Base Station基站37.Mobile 移动39.Transmitter 发送器40.Receiver接收器 二、词汇缩写与翻译 1.High Fidelity，缩写HI-FI，中文翻译高保真； 2.Field Effect Transistor，缩写FET，中文翻译场效应晶体管； 3.Central Processing Unit,缩写CPU ，中文翻译中央处理机； 4.Carrier Sense Multiple Access，缩写CSMA，中文翻译载波监听多址访问； 5.Digital to Analog Converter，缩写DAC ，中文翻译数模转换器； 6.Arithmetic Logic Unit，缩写ALU，中文翻译算术逻辑单元； 7.American National Standards Institute，缩写ANSI，中文翻译美国国家标准协会； 8.Asynchronous Transfer Mode，缩写ATM，中文翻译异步传输模式； 9.Bit Error Ratio，缩写BER ，中文翻译误码率； https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1a12082609.html,mon Traffic Channel，缩写CTCH，中文翻译公共业务信道； 11.Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution，缩写EDGE，中文翻译增强型的GSM环境； 12.Frequency Division Duplex，缩写FDD ，中文翻译频分双工； 13.Global Positioning System，缩写GPS ，中文翻译全球定位系统； 14.Media Access Control，缩写MAC ，中文翻译媒体访问控制； 15.Mobile Broadcast Wireless Access，缩写MBWA ，中文翻译移动广播无线接入； 16.Operation And Maintenance center，缩写OMC ，中文翻译操作维护中心； 17.Orthogonal Variable Spreading Function，缩写OVSF ，中文翻译正交可变扩频函数； 18.Primary Synchronization Code，缩写PSC ，中文翻译主同步码； 19.Real Time Protocol，缩写RTP ，中文翻译实时协议； 20.Total Access Communications System，缩写TACS ，中文翻译全接入通信系统； 21.Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter，缩写UART ： 中文翻译通用异步收发器； 22.Wireless Fidelity，缩写WIFI ，中文翻译无线网； 23.Wideband Code Division Multiple Access，缩写WCDMA，中文翻译宽带码分多址；Watch Dog Timer，缩写WDT，中文翻译监视计时器；
数学专业英语课后答案
2.1数学、方程与比例 词组翻译 1.数学分支branches of mathematics，算数arithmetics，几何学geometry，代数学algebra，三角学trigonometry，高等数学higher mathematics，初等数学elementary mathematics，高等代数higher algebra，数学分析mathematical analysis，函数论function theory，微分方程differential equation 2.命题proposition，公理axiom，公设postulate，定义definition，定理theorem，引理lemma，推论deduction 3.形form，数number，数字numeral，数值numerical value，图形figure，公式formula，符号notation(symbol)，记法/记号sign，图表chart 4.概念conception，相等equality，成立/真true，不成立/不真untrue，等式equation，恒等式identity，条件等式equation of condition，项/术语term，集set，函数function，常数constant，方程equation，线性方程linear equation，二次方程quadratic equation 5.运算operation，加法addition，减法subtraction，乘法multiplication，除法division，证明proof，推理deduction，逻辑推理logical deduction 6.测量土地to measure land，推导定理to deduce theorems，指定的运算indicated operation，获得结论to obtain the conclusions，占据中心地位to occupy the centric place 汉译英 （1）数学来源于人类的社会实践，包括工农业的劳动，商业、军事和科学技术研究等活动。 Mathematics comes from man’s social practice, for example, industrial and agricultural production, commercial activities, military operations and scientific and technological researches. （2）如果没有运用数学，任何一个科学技术分支都不可能正常地发展。 No modern scientific and technological branches could be regularly developed without the application of mathematics. （3）符号在数学中起着非常重要的作用，它常用于表示概念和命题。 Notations are a special and powerful tool of mathematics and are used to express conceptions and propositions very often. （4）17 世纪之前，人们局限于初等数学，即几何、三角和代数，那时只考虑常数。 Before 17th century, man confined himself to the elementary mathematics, i. e. , geometry, trigonometry and algebra, in which only the constants were considered. （5）方程与算数的等式不同在于它含有可以参加运算的未知量。 Equation is different from arithmetic identity in that it contains unknown quantity which can join operations. （6）方程又称为条件等式，因为其中的未知量通常只允许取某些特定的值。Equipment is called an equation of condition in that it is true only for certain values of unknown quantities in it. （7）方程很有用，可以用它来解决许多实际应用问题。