上海牛津版高一上册英语情态动词专项讲解与巩固拓展练习(有答案)
情态动词
一、概述
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，认为“可能、应当、必要”等等，但本身意义不完全，不能单独作谓语，必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。除ought, used, have后跟不定式外，其他情态动词一律跟动词原形。情态动词主要有：can/could, may/might, must, ought to, used to, need, dare, shall/should, will/would, have to等。
二、基本用法
（一）can和could的用法
1．表示能力，可译为“能，会”。
I can swim. 我会游泳。
Emily can dance well and her mother could dance well when she was young.
The cinema can seat 1,000 people.
I could not read such an easy book when I was 7 years old.
2．表示允许、许可，常用在口语中。could比can语气上要客气。
--- Could I use your dictionary? 我可以用一下你的字典吗？
---Yes, go ahead. 可以，用吧。（或Yes, you can. 但不能说Yes, you could.）
Could/ Can you tell me how to get to the zoo? 劳驾，你能告诉我怎么去动物园吗？
He asked me whether he could take the book out of the reading room.
3. 表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。
The temperature can fall to–60℃,that is60℃below freezing.气温可降至—60℃，也就是零下60℃。
You mustn′t smoke while you′re walking around in the wood.You could start a fire.
在林子里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。
3．表示推测，可用于肯定句（can罕见）、否定句和疑问句，但更常见于疑问句或否定句。在此种用法中can和could没有时态的区别，只是表示可能性的大小，can表示推测的可能性比could大。
Can he be ill at home? 他会是生病在家吗？
Can the story be true? 这个故事会是真的吗？
He cannot be at home. 他不可能在家。
You mustn't smoke while you are walking around in the woods. You could start a fire.
4．表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。
How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心？
Where can could they have gone? 他们会去了哪里？
He can't/couldn't be over sixty. 他不可能超过60岁。
5．Could可以用在虚拟条件句中。
If I could fly, I should be very happy.
If you had followed my advice, you could have finished it.
If you had tried harder, you could have passed your exam.
６．can与be able to的区别
①can表示“能力”时，和be able to相当，许多场合都可以互相替换。但当叙述过去经过一番努力才能完成的事情或前面有特殊说明，表示你有能力时，只能用be able to。
【正】Can you speak any foreign languages? 你会说外语吗？
【正】Are you able to speak any foreign languages? 你会说外语吗？
【误】The fire spread the building quickly but everybody could escape.
【正】The fire spread the building quickly but everybody was able to escape.
大火迅速蔓延到整幢大楼，但大家都逃了出来。
【正】The fire spread the building quickly but everybody managed to escape.
大火迅速蔓延到整幢大楼，但大家都想法逃了出来。
②be able to 比can有更多形式。
No one could answer the question.没人能回答这个问题。(这里could可用was able to 代替）When he grows up, he will be able to support his family. 他长大后就能养家了。
Frank is ill. He hasn't been able to go to school for one week.
I'm sorry for not being able to help you in time. 对不起，不能及时帮你的忙。
③could经常和动词see, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember, understand等连用。
When we went into the house, we could smell something burning.
当我们走进屋子时，我们闻到什么东西烧焦了。（不用was able to）
She spoke in a very low voice, but I could understand what she said.
虽然她讲话的声音很低，但我还是明白了她说的话。
④在谈论说话时发生的动作，用can，不用be able to。
【误】Look! I'm able to swim.
【正】Look! I can swim. 看，我会游泳了！
(二) may和might的用法
1．表示请求、许可，常译为“可以”。
在口语中可用can, could代替may，但在正式场合用may。表示允许时，也可用might代替，might不表示过去时，而是表示口气比较婉转。
You may take this seat if you like. 如果你喜欢可以坐这个位置。
May/Can /Could/ Might I have a talk with you ? 我可以和你谈谈吗？
--- May/Might I come into the room to see my mother? 我可以进房间看我母亲吗？
--- No, you mustn't. She needs to have a good rest. 不，你不能进。她需要好好休息。
提示：
May I ... 问句常见的肯定回答和否定回答。
肯定回答Yes, please. Certainly. Yes, of course. Sure. Go ahead, please.
否定回答No, you can't. （最常见）No, you mustn't. （具有强烈禁止的意思）
Please don't. You'd better not. I don't think you can. I'm sorry it's not allowed.
2．表示推测，可译为“可能，也许”。
Your math teacher may/might be in his office. （一般情况下，might表示的可能性很小）
The light isn't on. It may/might be broken. 那盏灯没有亮，它可能坏了。
There may/ might be some ink left in the bottle. 瓶子里也许还剩点儿墨水。
注意：
用may表示推测一般不用于疑问句，在疑问句中通常用can来代替。
Can he be at home? 他可能在家吗？
--- Can it be true? 这可能是真的吗？
--- It may be, or may not be. 可能是，也可能不是。
3．用在目的状语从句中，构成谓语。
He wants to take a taxi so that he may get there in time.
他想坐出租车，这样他就能及时到达那里。
I arrived at the airport earlier in order that I might meet him.
我早早地就到了机场为了能接到他。
4．有时可以用于祈使句表示祝愿。
May you succeed. 祝你成功May you be happy. 祝你快乐。
May that day come soon. 希望这一天早日到来。
（三）must和have to的用法：
1．must表示有做某一动作的必要或义务，强调主观看法，可译为“必须，应该”。Everyone must obey the rule. 人人都必须遵守制度。
We must do everything step by step. 我们必须逐步做每件事。
Teachers must be patient enough with their students. 老师必须对学生有足够的耐心。
2．have to 表示因客观需要促使主语不得不做某事。
You can't turn right here. You have to turn left. 你不能在这里右拐，你必须左拐。
My eyesight is very poor. I have to wear glasses for reading.
我的视力很差，看书时不得不戴眼镜。
You have to pass a test before you can get a driving licence.
你在取得驾照之前必须先通过考试。
提示：
在口语中，我们可以使用have got to来代替have to.
I've got to work on Sunday. 我不得不星期天工作。
When has Ann got to go?安必须什么时候走？
3．must 与have to的比较。
must 与have to在表示“必须”这个意思时意义相近，但在用法上有所区别。
①must含有说话者的强烈决意（表示主观的看法），have to 则表示外力环境或习惯使然（即表示客观的必要，作“不得不”解）。
I must study hard. 我必须努力学习。（发自内心的决定）
I have to study hard. 我不得不努力学习。（外界因素逼迫）
You must stay for supper. 你必须留下来吃晚饭。（because I want you to）
You have to stay for supper. 你得留下来吃晚饭。（because there is nowhere else to go）
②must只有一种形式，而have to可有多种时态。
They had to put off the sports meet due to the bad weather.
由于坏天气，他们不得不推迟运动会。
These last two days he has had to take a rest at home.
这两天他必须一直在家休息。
③must的否定式和have to的否定式的意思完全不同。
You must keep it a secret. You mustn't tell anyone.
你必须保密，你不可以告诉任何人。（mustn't表示“禁止”）
You don't have to tell me the secret. 你不必告诉我这个秘密。
（don't have to意思是“没有必要”= don't need to）
4．must用于表示推测，它的肯定程度比may, might, could大得多，一般只用于肯定句。
①must do (这里的do通常是状态动词或系动词) ，表示对现在状态的推测。
He must be very lazy for his desk is very untidy. 他肯定很懒，因为他的课桌很不整洁。Carol must get very bored with her job. She does the same thing every day.
卡罗尔肯定对她的工作厌烦了，她每天都做同样的事。
②must be doing表示对现在动作或状态的推测。
Put on more clothes. You must be feeling cold with only a shirt on.
多穿点儿衣服，你只穿一件衬衣，肯定觉得冷。
③must have done表示对过去的动作或状态的推测。
The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. 地面是湿的，昨晚肯定下雨了。
I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 我没听见电话铃响，我一定是睡着了。提示：
must表示推测只用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句要用can, could来代替must。
He's just had his lunch. He can't be hungry already.
他刚吃过午饭，不会饿的。
They have just arrived here. They can't know many people.
他们刚到这里，不可能认识很多人。
Leslie walked past me without speaking. He can'tcouldn't have seen me.
莱斯利从我身边走过而没打招呼，他肯定没看见我。
5．must可用来表示根据逻辑推理必然要发生的事，可译为“必然会，总是会”。
We all must die. 我们都会死。
Truth must be out. 真相必然会大白的。
Winter must be followed by spring. 冬天到了，春天还会远吗？
6．must有时可用来表示“偏偏”的意思。
Why must it rain today? 为什么偏偏在今天下雨？
When I was taking a nap, a student must knock at the door.
正当我午睡时，偏偏一个学生在这个时候来敲门。
（四）Shall、should和ought to的用法
1．shall
①表示征询意见或请求指示，用于一、三人称疑问句。
Shall I carry it for you? 我来帮你搬它，好吗？
Shall we sing a song? 我们唱一支歌，好吗？
Shall they wait outside? 让他们在外面等吗？
Shall the waiter bring meals to your room? 要服务员把饭送到你房间去吗？
提示：
Shall I open the window? 我打开窗子好吗？
Will you open the window? 你打开窗子好吗？
Shall he open the window? 他打开窗子好吗？
②表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、三人称陈述句中。You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。（命令）
He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 我告诉你，总有一天他会后悔的。（警告）
You shall fall behind in your exam if you keep playing..如果你一直玩，你就会在考试中落后。Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.什么也阻止不了我们执行这项计划。（决心）He shall have the book when I finish reading. 我看完这本书就给他看。（允诺）
I shall do my homework after reading this story book.. 读完这本故事书后我就做作业。
③表示强制，用于法令、条约、规章中，意为“必须，应该”。如：
Candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 试卷完全收回后，应试人才能离开座位。
2．should
①表示义务，意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。
Children should obey their parents. 儿童应该服从他们的父母。
One shouldn't be selfish. 人千万别自私。
Customers who get bad service should complain, shouldn't they
没有得到满意服务的顾客应该抱怨，不是吗？
①常与what, how, why等词连用，表示意外、惊讶等情绪，可翻译成“竟然、竟会”。
How should I know? 我怎么会知道呢
Why should I fear?
我为什么会害怕？
What should she do but cry for help?
除了呼救外，她还能干什么？
I don't know why you should think I did it.
我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。
It seems unfair that this should happen to me.
真不公平，这件事竟然发生在我身上。
It’s strange that he should be late.
真奇怪，他竟会迟到。
①表示对过去、现在或将来情况的某种推测，可译为“可能、照说应该”。
It should be fine tomorrow. 明天可能天是晴天。
He should be taking a bath now. 他可能在洗澡。
It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack should be here at any moment.
已经快七点了，杰克随时都可能到这儿。
The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.
这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。
①表示对现在或以前的动作的责怪、批评（应做的事却没做）。
The boys shouldn't be playing football. They should be at school.
这些男孩子不应该在踢足球，他们应该在上课。
You shouldn't have entered the teachers' office without permission.
没有允许你们不应该进老师办公室。
3. ought to的用法
1．表示义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务而该做），口气比should稍重。
We ought to defend our country. 我们应当保卫我们的国家。（每一个公民应尽的义务）You ought to respect your parents. 你应当尊敬你的父母。
Oughtn't we to do everything possible to stop pollution.
2．表示推测，暗含很大的可能，可译为“应该是，会是”。
Prices ought to come down soon. 价格可能会很快下跌。
Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韩梅该知道他的电话号码。
There's a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.
今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。
3．ought to和should一样，表示对现在或以前应做的事却没做的责怪、批评。
You ought to be washing your clothes. Why are you playing Ping-Pong
你应该在洗衣服（可是你没洗）。为什么你在打乒乓球？
You ought to have handed in the exercise last week.
你上周就应当交练习。（可你没交，含责备的意思。）
He ought to have asked me before he took my bike. 他在用我自行车之前应该和我讲一声。
4．ought to 与should的比较。
ought to 和should的含义较近，但不完全相同。ought to表示“应该”，是从“义务”或“按理推断”的角度来讲的。should则是从说话人的个人看法这一角度来讲的。
You are her mother. You ought to look after her.
你是她的母亲，你应当照管她。（是道义上的责任，不能和should互换。）
We should encourage him for we are his classmates.
我们应该鼓励他，我们是他的同班同学啊！
提示：
表示“义务”时，我们在口语中可以用had better或be supposed to 来代替should和ought to。If you are not well, you had better ask Alice to go instead.
如果你不舒服，你最好叫艾丽丝代替你去。
I'm supposed to be there at 8 o'clock. 我应该八点到那里。
(五) need和dare的用法
1．作情态动词：
need表示“需要”或“必须”，仅用于否定句或疑问句中，在肯定句中一般用must，have to，ought to，或should代替（注意其一般疑问句的回答方式与must完全一样）；dare主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中，一般不用于肯定句。例如：
You needn’t come so early.
Need I finish her work today? ---Yes，you must./No，you needn't.=No，you don’t have to.
Dare he do it？---No，he daren’t.
How dare you say I’m unfair．
If you dare come here，I will come to meet you.
He daren’t speak English before such a crowd，dare he?---Yes，he dare./No，he daren’t.
注意：needn’t have done“表示本来不必做某事而实际上却做了某事”。例如：
You needn’t have waited for me．
2. 作实义动词：
dare和need后面接不定式（to do），有人称、数和时态的变化，变否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词。所不同的是，作实义动词时，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接带to的不定式；而在否定和疑问句中，dare后面的不定式可以不带to．例如：
I dare to swim across this river.
He does not dare (to) answer.
I wondered he dare (to) say that．
Does he dare to go there？---Yes，he does./No，he doesn’t.
He needs to finish it this evening．
He doesn’t need to finish it this evening.
Does he need to finish it this evening？---Yes，he does./No，he doesn’t.
(六) will和would的用法
1.will
1）表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。
I will do anything for you.我愿为你做任何事。
None is so blind as those who won′t see.不愿看的人眼最瞎。
If you will read the book,I′ll lend it to you.如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。
2）表请求，用于疑问句。
Will you close the window?It′s a bit cold.请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。
Won′t you drink some more coffee?再来一点咖啡好吗？
3）表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。
Fish will die out of water.鱼离开水就不能活。The door won′t open.这门打不开。
The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.
那男孩常常坐在那里好几个钟点，看着车辆行人通过。
2.would
would是will的过去式。注意其两种固定问句的回答方式。
Would you like…？----Yes，please./No，thanks.
Would you like to do…？----Yes，I'd love to./I'd love to，but…./I'm sorry I can't.
1）表意愿。
They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed.他们不让他进去因为他衣着旧。
I said I would do anything for you.我说过我愿意为你做任何事。
2）表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。
Would you like another glass of beer?再来杯啤酒好吗？
Would you mind cleaning the window?请把窗户擦一下好吗？
They wouldn′t have anything against it.他们不会有什么反对意见。
3）表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。
Every time she was in trouble,she would go to him for help.
她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。
专项练习
一、单项选择
1. Jenny______ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.
A . must B. should C. need D. would
2. -Could I borrow your dictionary?
-Yes, of course you_________
A. might
B. will
C. can
D. should
3. —Shall I tell John about it?
—No, you ______ . I've told him already.
A. needn't
B. wouldn't
C. mustn't
D. shouldn't
4. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack______ be here at any moment.
A. must
B. need
C. should
D. can
5. .Sir, you _____ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.
A. oughtn't to
B. can't
C. won't
D. needn't
6. --When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
--They _____be ready by 12:00.
A. can
B. should
C. might
D. need
7. Sorry I'm late. I ______ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
A. might
B. should
C. can
D. will
8. I should have been there, but I _______ not find the time.
A. would
B. could
C. might
D. should
9. --- Are you coming to Jeff's party?
--- I'm not sure. I ________go to the concert instead.
A．must B．would C．should D．might
10. —Write to me when you get home.
—_________
A．I must B．I should C．I will D．I can
11. --- I don't mind telling you what I know.
--- You . I'm not asking you for it.
A. mustn't
B. may not
C. can't
D. needn’t
12. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _____ report it to the police?
A. should
B. may
C. will
D. can
13. You ______ be tired - you've only been working for an hour.
A. must not
B. won' t
C. can' t
D. may not
14. — Who is the girl standing over there ?
— Well , if you know , her name is Mabel.
A. may
B. can
C. must
D. shall
BCACA BBBDC DACC
二、填空
1.I trust you so much.You _____ cheat on the exam.
2.Everyone_____ stop when the red light is on
3.English is the most widely used language in the history of our planet. One in every seven
human beings ____ speak it.
4.In my opinion, it is possible for you to find some real good friends with the help of new
technology but you ______ ______ take care.
Should must can ought to/have to
三、翻译题
1. 约翰不可能是个篮球运动员，因为他太矮了。
_____________________________________________________________
2. 我们应该采取措施来保护我们的地球。(用被动语态来表达)
_____________________________________________________________
3. 在林子里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。
_____________________________________________________________
4.正当我午睡时，偏偏一个学生在这个时候来敲门。
_____________________________________________________________
5.我是如此的新闻他，但是他竟然对我撒谎。
_____________________________________________________________
1.John can’t be a basketball player. He is much too short.
2.Some measures should be taken to protect the earth.
3.You mustn′t smoke while you′re walking around in the wood.You could start a fire.
4.When I was taking a nap, a student must knock at the door.
5.I trust him so much, but he should lie to me.
阅读训练
（A）
Yellowstone is America's first and most famous national park. This large wilderness area is very high in the Rocky Mountains of the northwestern America. It is bigger than the smallest state in America.
Yellowstone became the world's first national park in 1872.
Yellowstone has many different kinds of unusual scenery. Although millions of people visit the park, the land remains unchanged—still a wilderness. The valley of the Yellowstone River has beautiful colored rocks and three large waterfalls. In the early morning or evening, visitors sometimes see large deer-like animals or buffalo eating grass along the shores of Lake Yellowstone. The high mountains around Yellowstone are covered with evergreen forests.
Yellowstone park has many areas with hot springs. These are caused by heat from the hot centre of the earth. Old Faithful is the most famous. Every 70 minutes, Old Faithful sends hot water about 150 feet high into the air.
Here, hot spring water runs down over rocks into deep pools. It looks rather like a wonderful white cake.
When you visit Yellowstone, why not live like a cowboy? You can stay at an Old West country hotel. You'll enjoy typical cowboy food outdoor. You can ride a horse along one of the many paths or trails.
There are over 1 ,000 miles of trails around Yellowstone. If you like excitement, take a boat trip down the fast Snake River, or spend a quiet summer day fishing by a river or a blue mountain lake.
In winter, Yellowstone Park is covered with heavy snow, but visitors still come to skate. With clouds of steam above them and snow all around, Yellowstone's hot springs look even more wonderful.
一、单项选择
1. In this passage, the writer advised us to_______.
A. become a cowboy
B. spend nights outdoor
C. do something as a cowboy does
D. drive along the path
2.One of the most exciting activities in the park in summer is
A. riding
B. boating
C. swimming
D. hunting
3. Old Faithful is_______.
A. the most famous hot water
B. the most famous area
C. a hot spring
D. a hot rock
4. Which of the following statements is not mentioned?
A. Yellowstone has beautiful scenery.
B. Yellowstone has the longest history among national parks in America.
C. There are many hot springs in Yellowstone.
D. There are all kinds of birds in the park.
CBCD
二、找出文中的定语从句
三、填空
1. _____millions of people visit the park, the land remains unchanged—still_____ wilderness.
2. _____you visit Yellowstone, why not live like a cowboy?
3. You can ride a horse along one of the many paths or trails.
4.____ you like excitement, take a boat trip down the fast Snake River
5. In winter, Yellowstone Park is covered ____heavy snow
Although a When can If with
(B)
After a cold winter, I was looking for something different. And I did find it. It was about twenty miles outside of Guadalajara, Mexico in a most unusual spa called Rio Caliente.
You probably won't find Rio Caliente in the guidebooks. We called Rio Caliente's booking agent in California for one. The price, 670 dollars each, for a ten-day stay which included three vegetarian meals a day, plus spa activities seemed too good to be true.
Getting off the plane in Guadalajara, it was easy to forget the winter we had just left behind.
A taxi ride to Rio Caliente would cost us 90 pesos each. We calculated quickly and figured the 20-mile trip would cost us about 24 dollars.
Suddenly, we saw Rio Caliente up ahead! A large gate swung open and we drove in. It seemed we were transported into a magical paradise! Everything seemed lush(茂盛) and green, with beautiful, colorful flowers dotting the grounds.
Rio Caliente is situated in a national pine forest. Rio Caliente, which means ' hot river' , sits on an ancient Indian healing ground. The entire area rests on a deep underground volcanic(由火山形成的) lake which supplies numerous springs and waterfalls(瀑布) along three sides of the spa. The water rises out of the ground at temperatures as high as 157 F deuces. The mineral content of the water is particularly beneficial. The combination of salts and minerals, including lithium, is wonderful to soak in, and even more soothing to drink when cooled.
Meals were fantastic. They were mostly grains, fruits, soups, and vegetables. They are all delicious, and I managed to lose a few pounds even though I ate a great deal each meal. Each morning we would take a different route, always seeing something wonderful and mysterious. One morning, we walked to the mouth of a hot river, which steams out of me earth. Another time, we went to a very deep hole where Indian women, hundreds of years ago, sacrificed the most worthless man from the tribe into. I didn't get too close to the edge. Susan and I took two trips to Guadalajara when we were there. Guadalajara is a beautiful city. The historical section of town is splendid, with its museums and cathedral. We did some shopping and were delighted with the bargains.
On our last day we said good-bye to our new friends, and headed down towards the airport. The ten-day vacation had opened me up to a new country. The price is right, and the place is magical!
一、单项选择：
1.. It is not said, but we can infer when the writer saw Rio Caliente in front of him, he was
__________
A. excited
B. interested
C. vital
D. friendly
2.Which of the following statements is not mentioned?
A. Rio Caliente is a warm place in Mexico.
B. The price for a ten-day holiday in Rio Caliente is not cheap.
C. Rio Caliente is formed on a underground volcanic lake in a pine forest.
D. In Mexican language, ' Rio Caliente' means ' hot river'. .
3. Which of the following statements is wrong?
A. If an Indian man was of no value, he might be dropped into a very deep hole.
B. Hundreds of years ago, women might be the heads of Indian tribes.
C. Guadalajara is a beautiful city but of little history.
D. The writer enjoyed shopping in Guadalajara.
4. What's the best title for this passage?
A. Winter and Summer
B. Life in Guadalajara
C. A Trip To Rio Caliente
D. A Beautiful Place in Mexico
ABCC
二、分析下列句子是五种基本句型中的哪一个。
1. After a cold winter, I was looking for something different.
2. We called Rio Caliente's booking agent in California.
3. They were mostly grains, fruits, soups, and vegetables.
4.I managed to lose a few pounds
5. We did some shopping.
三、填空
1. it was easy ____(forget)the winter we had just left behind.
2. On our last day we said good-bye_____ our new friends
3. The historical section of town is splendid, ____its museums and cathedral.
4. The entire area rests on a deep underground volcanic(由火山形成的) lake ____ supplies
numerous springs and waterfalls(瀑布) along three sides of the spa.
5. We did some shopping and were delighted_____ the bargains
to forget to with which with