美国文学课后习题

Unit2 Edgar Allan Poe

1) Who is the narrator? What wrong does he want to redress?

It is Montresor. Fortunato has given Montresor thousands of injuries that he has to bear before he has this opportunity of taking revenge.

2) What is the pretext Montresor uses to lure Fortunado to his wine cellar?

He claims that he has just got a cask of Amontilado and stores it in the wine cellar before he may find a connoisseur to testify to its authenticity.

3) What happens to Fortunado in the end?

The deceived Fortunado is killed because of his inability of getting out of the catacomb.

4) Describe briefly how Poe characterizes Mortresor and Fortunado as contrasts. Poe characterizes Mortresor and Fortunado as seemingly contrasting characters chiefly by presenting their identical habit in wine and their different manners towards each other, but actually he intends to show some similarly defective aspects in their nature. The similarity in their nature is also suggested by their names as synonyms in Italian: Mortresor means “fortune” while Fortunado “treasure”. Their defective nature is highlighted when the revenger Mortresor, who is fully prepared on psychological and operating levels, throws the hardly prepared but totally deceived wrong-doer Fortunado into the deep and damp catacomb and blocks up its entrance with huge rocks.

Unit 7 19th Century American Poets

1.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

(1)I Shot an Arrow…

1. Why did the speaker lose sight of his arrow and song?

The arrow flies too swiftly and too far away to be seen by the speaker; whereas the song is naturally invisible.

2. In what circumstances did he find them again?

He finds them unexpectedly years later from the trunk of a tree and the heart of a friend.

3. What do arrow and song stand for in this poem?

The images of arrow and song here may stand for friendship.

(2)A Psalm of Life

1. What kind of person is the speaker of this poem?

The speaker is a man of action, always optimistic and cheerful, trying to achieve as much as possible in the short span of life.

2. According to the poem, how should our lives be led to overcome the fact that each day brings us nearer to death?

We should work harder and live happier.

3. Interpret the metaphor of "Footprints on the sand of time" (line 28).

The metaphor refers to human deeds in real life.

2. Walt Whitman

(1)One's Self I Sing

1. What is the significance of singing about one's self?

It is an exaltation of the individual spirit, which is typical of American people.

2. What is the difference between physiology and physiognomy?

Physiology is a science that deals with the functions and life process of human beings, whereas physiognomy refers to an art of judging character from contours of face itself or the appearance of a person.

3. What does Whitman mean by the term of "the Modern Man"?

He means that a man should be free from any prejudice and pride, totally different from the traditional one, that is full of bias.

(3)O Captain! My Captain!

1. Why is the word "Captain" capitalized throughout the poem?

In this poem the word “Captain” specially refers to Ab raham Lincoln, president of the United States.

2. What overall metaphor does the poet employ in this poem?

Life is a journey.

3. Why do people on the shores exult and bells ring, while the speaker remains so

sad?

They welcome the ship returning from its hard trip, whereas the speaker is sad because the captain fails to receive his own honor.

3.Emily Dickinson

(1)To Make a Prairie …

1. What things are needed to "make" a prairie? In what sense can one really do it? Some grass and insects and small animals. People can make a prairie with their imagination.

2. How can "revery alone" create a prairie?

The prairie stays in one's mind.

(2) Success Is Counted Sweetest

1. Why is success "counted sweetest by those who ne'er succeed"?

Those who have tasted the bitterness of failure would have a keener desire for success.

2. Who are "the purple host"?

The so-called successful people in the world.

3. Who is "he" in the last stanza?

Anyone who is pursuing his success.

(3) I'm Nobody!

1. Who are the "pair of us" and "they" in this poem?

The "pair of us" refers to the speaker in the poem and the reader, and "they" refers to the public, especially those in power.

2. What does "an admiring bog" really mean?" (line 28).

It Implies the vain and empty common people, who are always admiring and pursuing the celebrities.

3. What is the theme of this poem?

The real admirable life is a secluded and common one.

4. Do you want to be "nobody" or "somebody"? Explain your reasons.

Different persons would have different answers to this question. Personally, I prefer to be nobody.

Unit 17 20th-Century American Poets

1.Ezra Pound

In A Station of the Metro

1. Why does the poet call the faces of pedestrians "apparition"?

These pedestrians are all walking in a hurry amidst the drizzling rain.

2. What do "petals" and "bough" stand for?

Petals refer to the faces while the bough stands for the floating crowd.

2. Wallace Stevens

Anecdote of the Jar

1. What does the jar in poem symbolize? Why does the speaker place it on top of a hill?

The jar here symbolizes a certain perspective on looking at this world. If the perspective of the viewing is creative and unique, it will change the conventional order of the old world. When a new perspective comes out, it will certainly hold attention from the rest.

2. The jar is "round" and "of a port in air," meaning that it has a stately importance. What effect does it have on surroundings when placed on the ground?

Maybe the round jar assumes the air of a domineering figure, which helps to form a certain order out of the disordered surrounding.

3. How did the wilderness of Tennessee characterized? What words or phrases does the poet use to describe it?

Tennessee seems to a place full of life and energy. “Slovenly,” “sprawl” and “wild” are some of the words used to describe the place. (See Anecdote of the Jar )

3. William Carlos Williams

William Carlos Williams

1. How does the first two lines differ from the other pairs of lines?

Each of the last three couplets creates a visual image (“a red wheelbarrow,” “glaz ed with rainwater,” and “the white chickens”), whereas the first one does not.

2. What is the most visually compelling word in each of the last three pairs of lines? They are “red, glazed and white”. (See EXPLANA TION: “The Red Wheelbarrow” below)

3. What is the meaning of "depends upon" in the first pair of lines?

The opening lines set the tone for the rest of the poem. Since the poem is composed of one sentence broken up at various intervals, it is truthful to say that 'so much depends upon' each line of the poem. This is so because the form of the poem is also its meaning. This may seem confusing, but by the end of the poem the image of the wheelbarrow is seen as the actual poem, as in a painting when one sees an image of an apple, the apple represents an actual object in reality, but since it is part of a painting the apple also becomes the actual piece of art. These lines are also important because they introduce the idea that 'so much depends upon' the wheelbarrow.SEE answer 1.

4.Robert Frost

(1)Fire and Ice

1. What are the symbolic meanings of fire in this poem?

Fire symbolizes natural disaster, human passion, as well as war.

2. Why does the speaker say that ice is also great for destruction? Explain what ice stands for here.

Ice, oppose to fire, is also a dreadful natural disaster in this world, and ice is always related to indifference, coldness, hatred, and the other negative sentiments of human beings.

3. What is your opinion about fire and ice? Which one is more destructive?

Both fire and ice can destroy this beautiful world if they are beyond control of human beings. Therefore we should be open-minded and reduce our prejudice and pride so as to keep this world in peace.

(2)Stopping By Woods On a Snowy Evening

1. In your opinion, what was the reason that made the speaker stop by the woods on a snowy evening?

The poet was deeply attracted by the natural beauty of the scene at that very moment.

2. Why did the horse give the harness bell a shake?

The horse grew impatient by stopping in the middle of the dark, cold woods at midnight. It was eager to go home.

3. Why couldn't the speaker stay longer by the woods to appreciate its mysterious beauty?

He realized that it was late at night and he would have to hurry home to get some food and sleep,

because the next morning he would have a lot of work to do.

4. What is the effect of repetition in the last two lines?

The refrain-like repetition in the last two lines reminds the reader a simple fact of life: whatever happens, one must go forward in the journey of his or her life.

(3) The Road Not Taken

1. What is the speaker's initial response to the divergence of the two roads?

The speaker is at a loss which road he should choose, and he feels sorry that he cannot explore both roads at the same time.

2. Describe the similarities and differences of these two roads. Which one does the speaker take?

Two roads are similar except one of them is more “grassy,” which implies that it is less traveled by people. The speaker prefers the less traveled one, because he likes adventure.

3. What might the two roads stand for in the speaker's mind?

One road stands for the traditional one and the other is unconventional one and full of challenges and difficulties. To follow other people's footsteps or to open a new road for himself is really not an easy decision for us to make in our lives.

5. Langston Hughes

(1)Dreams

1. Why must we stick to our dreams?

If God is not the first move in our life, surely our dreams are the same.

2. What images does the poet employ to describe the life once we lose our dreams? Without dreams our life will be a broken bird and a barren field. I think without dream our life will be a grand ship drifting on the vast ocean, never knowing its destination.

(2)Me And The Mule

1. Why does the speaker identify himself with the mule?

They share a lot in their life: hard-working and full of strength, submissiveness and kindness and honesty.

2. What figure of speech does the poet employ in describing the mule? Personification.

陶洁版美国文学选读_第三版_课后习题答案解析

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美国文学练习题

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(完整版)美国文学课后答案

1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography? Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it 2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed? His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother. 3.How did he arrive in Philadephia? First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington on foot, in Burlington he found a boat which was going towards Philadelphia, he arrived there about eight or nine o’clock, on the Sunday morning and landed at the Market Street wharf. 4.What features do you find in the style of the above selection? It is the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision(言简意赅). The narrative is lucid(易懂的), the structure is simple, the imagery is homely(朴素的). 二、Questions 1.How many characters does Poe include in The Cask of Amontillado? What are these names? Montresor, Fortunato and Luchesi 2. What drink are the French most famous for? Wine 3.Does Montresor have something of great value to him which we might consider to be his treasure? His pride and the pride of his French family heritage. Perhaps his devious plot of revenge. 4.Does Montresor seem to have much respect for Italians? Montresor does not have much respect for Italians. He feels the French are superior, especially with respect to wine. 5.What was Fortunato's insult? Poe does not tell us directly, but only implies it in the third paragraph 6.Which wine does Montresor use to lure Fortunato into the catacombs? "Amontillado" (the Spanish wine; Montresor's ruse to lead Fortunato down into the catacombs. 7.Why does Montresor entertain Fortunato with wines from his collection? Montresor wants to get Fortunato drunk enough to be able to trap him in his plan of vengeance. 8.In what two ways does Montresor imprison Fortunato? He fetters (chains and locks) Fortunato to the wall of the catacombs. He builds a wall to close Fortunato off in a small corner of the catacombs, where Montresor will leave him to die. 9.In what ways is The Cask of Amontillado grotesque? First, which of Montresor's actions are abnormal? The whole obsessive plot of vengeance. The fettering and entombment of Fortunato. Montresor's sick sense of humor. 10.Is there anything grotesque about Fortunato? His obsession with alcohol. His drunkenness. His tendency to berate Luchesi (he may have been drunk and may have insulted Montresor in a similar

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4. _______refers to some contrast or discrepancy between appearance and reality. a. Allegory 寓言 b. Conflict 冲突，矛盾；斗争；争执 c. Irony 讽刺；反语 d. Flashback 倒叙；闪回 5. The great transcendental 超验的work by Henry David Thoreau is______. a. Nature b. Walden瓦尔登湖 c. Experience d. Essays B亨利·大卫·梭罗（美国作家及自然主义者） 6. Mark Twain shaped the world’s view of America and made a combination of _____and serious literature(严肃文学杨). a. American folk humor美国民间幽默

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1、Do you think Gatsby deserves to be called “the great”? Why? -------from F、Scoot、Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby Gatsby pursuit “a universe of ineffable gorgeous” in his young age、In fact, Gatsby from West Egg insists his Platonic fantasy、He fell in love with the blonde and his ineffable gorgeous ideal is bined with Daisy’s breathing and desire、Daisy bees the image of ideal in his mind; though she marries Tom and may does not love him, though he can realize her soul full of money and desire, he cannot change his mind which back his love and be together as before、Maybe that is the shining and great part of his soul、Maybe that is the American dream which can show to us、But through the novel, we can have the clear idea that Daisy’s desire was not his drea m, it is not Daisy’s fault but his dream has giant vitality and energy、His dream is far behind Daisy and everything exists、He does his best to build the perfect world and aim in his mind、So his spirit which pursuits on ideal and dedication is also far behind secular frolicking in the bed、For realizing his dream, he donated himself to mud of money in New York; he showed no interests in wealth itself and the life of debauchery、Just like the lotus lives in the pound around with mud but not be polluted、His soul no doubt is suffering in the social life but without any plain、3、What do “petals” and “bough” stands for? -----from Ezra Pound In A Station of the Metro、 First of all, this poem stands the points of economy by Imagism、Every word in this poem has its own unique meaning、For example, the color of black in this poem may represent the train’s color, the railway’s color, the pillar’s color or the dim light of the metro station、Ezra Pound was very sensitive to the color and usually used their different meanings in his poetry、He used the skill of painting in his process of creating the poem、In this poem, every word is used as the pigment、Petals stand for the meaning of color from their unique image、The word “wet” brings the feeling of fresh and bright to the people、And the word “apparition” gives the dim color of pale and weak to the “faces” and “petals”、And the author put the petals and faces together let the faces have the feeling of tender and red、Several pretty faces appear in the metro station from the dimly lit, and they bee the shining petals in the black bough which was wet by the rain、This transformation is based on our vision, but it also shows that the same point between the quiet nature scenery and the noisy industrial environment、Ezra Pound wants tell us that we can find the beauty everywhere in our daily life、And it also shows the metaphor of Imagism、 1、Do you think Gatsby deserves to be called “the great”? Why? (1)I think it is too plicated to simply say Gatsby deserves to be “great” or not、For one thing, Gatsby was ambitious, hardworking, generous and passionate、He was so extremely loyal to his love and Daisy that he could do anything to get Daisy back: he did shady business to earn money and social position; he threw luxurious parties just to draw Daisy’s attention; he could take the blame for a death that he did not cause、(2)In this respect, he is much “greater” than his contemporaries、For another thing, Gatsby never realized that Daisy wasn’t the girl he loved anymore、Gatsby was so innocent that he staked everything on his dreams, not realizing that his dreams are unworthy of him、He wasn’t sober enough to be great、

陶洁版美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案解析

美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案陶洁(部分) Unit 1 Benjamin Franklin Questions 1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography? Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it 2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed? His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother. 3.How did he arrive in Philadephia? First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington on foot, in Burlington he found a boat which was going towards Philadelphia, he arrived there about eight