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历年高口NTGF原文真题

历年高口NTGF原文真题
历年高口NTGF原文真题

2014年3月高级口译听力真题NTGF含解析

Note Taking and Gap Filling

Good afternoon, class. I want to start my lecture by telling you a story. Once there was a young woman from Mexico named Consuela, who came to New York to learn English. She got a job at a factory owned by a Chinese. One day as Consuela came to work, her Chinese boss handed her a red envelope. Consuela looked inside and saw 20 dollars. She became very upset and threw the envelope back at her boss! Her boss was shocked. Well, he had given her the red envelope and the money because it was Chinese New Year. And on the Chinese New Year, it is traditional to give money to young, single people for good luck. However, from Consuela’s point of view, he was an older man giving her money in an envelope, which meant that he was asking her for sexual favors. Naturally, she refused to take the money.

Now, what does this story show us? It shows that an action can have totally opposite meanings in different cultures. Every culture has its own rules for what is appropriate and what is not appropriate behavior. And to illustrate my point today, I’m going to give examples from four areas. First, the way people greet each other in different cultures. Second, the way they use names and titles. Third, the way people eat. And finally, the way they exchange gifts.

OK, let’s start with greeting customs—First of all, I’m sure you know that in the United States and in most western countries, greetings often involve some sort of touching, such as a handshake, a hug, or a kiss if people know each other very well. On the other hand, people from most Asian countries

don’t usually feel as comfortable touching in public. Although handshakes between business people are common, many Japanese prefer a bow, while people from Thailand, normally hold their hands together in a kind of prayer position. So imagine how embarrassing it would be if an American was invited to someone’s home in Japan or Thailand and she tried to hug the host!

Now, another behavior that differs from culture to culture is the use of names. Have you noticed that Americans ar e quick to use people’s first names even if they have just met. For instance, visitors to the United States are always surprised to hear employees speak to their bosses using first names. In contrast, people in most other cultures are more formal and prefer to be addressed as Mr. Brown or Mr. Honda, for example. In addition, in some countries, such as Italy or Korea, people like you to include their title or

position with their family names, especially if they’re university graduates or owners of a business.

Now I want to look at eating customs. I’ll talk about the behaviors connected with eating that vary from culture to culture. One of these is the use of utensils. You probably know that people in many Asian cultures use chopsticks but in some countries i t’s customary to eat with your fingers. It’s important to be aware of different dining customs. Here is another example. In some cultures, eating everything on your plate is considered impolite. In Egypt and China, you should leave some food in your dish at the end of the meal. This is to show that your hosts were generous and gave you more than enough to eat. However, Americans generally consider a clean plate as a sign of satisfaction with the food.

Finally, what I want to mention today is gift giving, which you may think is a universal custom and there is not much variation from culture to culture. But the rules of gift giving can be very complicated. In USA, if you’re invited to someone’s home for dinner, bring wine or flowers or small item as a present. On the other hand, the Japanese give gifts quite frequently, often to thank someone, such as a teacher or a doctor. In the Japanese culture, gift giving is a very ancient tradition and it has many detailed rules. Another interesting fact about gift giving is that many cultures have strict rules about gifts you should not give. For example, never give yellow flowers to people from Iran, which means you hate them!

【评析】

本文题材对考生来说并不陌生,是老生常谈的文化差异。作者先从一个故事引入,再从四个方面(打招呼,称谓,饮食及送礼)介绍各国不同的风俗习惯。做笔记时,从这四个角度进行归类,记下关键的实词,相信正确答案就近在咫尺了。

【难词】

bow n. 鞠躬

address v. 称呼

utensil n. 餐具

universal adj. 普遍的,通用的

2013年9月高级口译听力真题NTGF 含解析

Note Taking and Gap Filling

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Last week, we talked about some important terms in environmental science. Shall you still remember them, right? So in today’s environmental science class, I want to discuss a few of the terms here, actually some ideas about how we manage our resources. Let’s talk about what that means.

If we take resources like water, now maybe we should get a little bit more specific here, back from a more general case and talk about underground water

in particular. So hydro geologists have tried to figure out how much water can we take out from underground sources. That has been an important question. Let me ask you guys, how much water, based on what you know so far, could you take out of , say, an aquifer… under the city. As much as what gets recharged?

Ok. So we wouldn’t like to take out more than naturally comes into it. The implication is that, well, if you only take as much out as comes in. You’re

not going to deplete the amount of water that stores in there. Right? Wrong.

But that’s the principle. That’s the idea behind how we manage our water supplies. It’s called Safe Yield. Basically what t his message says is that you can pump as much water out of the system as naturally recharges, as naturally flows back in. So this principle of safe yield is based on balancing what we take out with what gets recharged. But what it does is it ignores how much

water naturally comes out of the system, and natural system of certain matter

of recharge comes in and certain matter of water naturally flowing out through springs, streams and lakes, and over long terms the amount that’s stored in

the aquifer doesn’t really change much. It’s balanced. Now humans come in and start taking water out of the system. How have we changed the equation? It’s not balanced any more. Right. We take water out but water also naturally flows out. And the recharge rate doesn’t change.So the result is we’ve reduced the amount of water that stores in the underground system. If you keep doing that long enough, if you pump as much water out as naturally comes in, gradually the underground water level will drop. And when that happens, they can’t fix service water. How? Well, underground systems there are natural discharge points, places where the water flows out from the underground systems and into lakes and streams. Well, a drop of water level can mean those discharge points will eventual ly dry up, and that means water’s not getting to lakes and streams that depend on it. So we end up reducing the surface water supply, too. You know, in the state of Arizona, we’re managing some major water supplies with the principle of safe yield and under this method they will eventually dry up the natural discharge points of those aquifer systems. Now, why is this an

issue? Well, aren’t some of you going to want to live in the state for a while? Won’t your kids grow up here, and your kids’ kids? You mayb e concerned with “dose Arizona have water supplies which is sustainable—a key word here. What that means? The general definition of sustainable is whether it is enough to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future to have the availability to have the same resources. Now, I hope you see these two ideas are incompatible---sustainability and safe yield. Because what sustainability means is that it’s sustainable for all systems that depend on the water, for the people who use it, and for supplying water to the dependent water bodies like some streams. So I’m going to repeat this. So, if we are using a safe yield method, we’re only balancing what we take out with what

gets recharged, but don’t forget, water also flows out natural ly. Then the amount that has stored under ground gradually gets reduced, and that is going

to lead to another problem: these discharge points with water flowing out the lakes and streams, they’re going to dry up. Ok?

【评析】话题 environmental science

本段落选自TOEFL OG Practice Test 1 Q11-16,重点讲了underground water 地下水的

平衡问题。虽然听上去很吓人,但其实原理是大家都熟悉的,即抽取过多地下水,会破坏

原有的地下水平衡,导致水量减少。

【关键词】

aquifer 蓄水层

hydro geologist 水文地质学家

safe yield 安全水量

equation 平衡

recharge 再装填

discharge 流量

incompatible 不相容的,矛盾的

第一时间:2013年春季高级口译听力NTGF解析

听力原文:

Why should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spe nt in exploring, investigating and researching something with so few benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on earth or in our own country? Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic make-u p. What drove our distant ancestors to move from the trees onto the plains? Was it the lack of skills to compete in one ecological niche? If so the adaptation selected for after the move have resulted in the species expanding into all po ssible areas and environment,the drive to spread genetic material and ensure t he success of not just the species but of one type of genetic material. The wid er the distribution of a species, the better the chance of survival. Perhaps th e best reason for exploring space is the built-in genetic predisposition to exp and into all possible niches. Culturally nearly every successful civilization h as been willing to explore. In exploring, dangers of surrounding areas may be l earned and prepared for. Dangers may be political enemies in neighboring cultur es, physical features of the area, a change in the area which might affect food supplies or any other number of factors. All pose a real danger and all may be made less dangerous if certain preparations are made. Without knowledge, the d anger may strike and completely destroy, with knowledge, the effects or consequ ences may be lessened. Exploration also allows resources to be located. Resourc es translate into power and success at survival. Whether the success be financi al, political or genetic additional resources are always a boon when used wisel y. In any of the three manners, use of resources allows a heightened percentage for survival. If the resources have no immediate need, then perhaps later the resources will be used. Resources may be more than physical assets. Knowledge o r techniques acquired in exploring or preparing to explore always filter from t he developers to the general populace. Techniques may be medical applications, uses for drugs or ways of living to increase the quantity of time lived or the quality of that time. Techniques may be social, allowing the people in a societ y to better understand those within or outside the culture. Better understandin g may lead to better use of resources or a lessening of outright competition fo r the resources.

While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the explorati on of space allows the creative, the brave, the intelligence of our species to focus on that may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and expla nations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The chance of a large asteroid or comet hitting he earth is small. But given ti me, it will happen. Several current models of evolution propose many changes in a very short time period. Some explanations for the drastic speed of extinctio

n and evolution include strikes by asteroids or comets. Human technology is rea ching the point where it might be able to detect such a threat and allow us to do something about it. The danger exists, but knowledge can allow us as a speci es to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to sav

e ourselves might not exist. While earth is the only planet known to sustain li fe, surely the adaptive ability o

f humans would allow other planets and moons t

o become inhabited. True the life style would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future. Our genetic m ake-up will allow humans to move into unoccupied niches and flourish. The cultu re group holding the high ground has attained a great advantage over outer grou ps. It can see farther, act sooner and be safer from attack. In space all of th ese things are true. The culture which expands is like and organism which adapt s. It may be found everywhere. If one group is eliminated, the species as a who

le survives. The old adage, do not put all your eggs in one basket holds true f or humans and cultures. The more a culture expands, the less chance of it becom ing extinct. Space allows us to expand and succeed.

这篇科普文章其实解答了很多人心中一直以来的一个困惑:我们为什么要去探索外太空?同样的人力物力,如果花费在改善人们的生活状况上,收益会比投入到外太空立竿见

影得多。最佳答案可能就存在于我们的基因组成上,换句话说,我们天性使然。老祖先们

从树上来到了平地上,也是为了开拓一片新的天地。“The wider the distribution of a species, the better the chance of survival.”物种扩散的越广,存活的几率就越大。

文章很长而且不简单,比较容易走神。有些词又确实构成了难度,比如“ecological

niche”生态小生境、“built-in genetic predisposition”内在天性、“heightened percentage”提高了的百分比、“asteroid or comet”小行星或彗星、“general popula ce”普罗大众、“adage”格言谚语(其实从后文“do not put all your eggs in one b asket”猜出空格要填的意思,如写上saying或proverb也可以)。

2012年9月高级口译听力 Note-taking and Gap-filling 原文

Hello, I'm Anna Jones and I have been invited to talk in this programme about London life. And in today’s programme we’re looking at a very English cu stom - the custom of tea-taking. I think the whole art of tea-taking is a very elegant and a very English thing to do. This whole ambience of tea-taking makes you be elegant.

I am the director of press and public relations at the Ritz hotel in central London. The Ritz hotel is one of the most famous hotels in London and is

celebrating its centenary. It opened 105 years ago in 1906. The Ritz is especially well known for its wonderful teas but taking tea at the Ritz is not an everyday event –it’s usually res erved for a special occasion like a birthday or anniversary. Tea is served in the beautiful surroundings of the Palm Court. Displays of flowers and palms add to the experience of tea-taking. The whole character or quality of the Ritz makes you feel elegant. It makes you feel attractive and you behave in a very graceful way. And it’s not just a cup of tea either –it’s almost like having a 3 course meal.

The actual food items on the tea menu come on a three-tiered cake stand. The bottom being the finger sandwiches – very traditional – and the waiter will explain what the fillings are. Then we do our scones in the middle and we do our cakes and pastries on the top. It’s done almost like courses.

Well, we say that the food arrives on a “three-tiered cake stand - there are three levels, one on top of each other and on each level there’s a plate for holding the food. And what food is there? There are finger sandwiches –these are small sandwiches filled with a variety of different things. This kind of sand wich is “very traditional” –it’s something that has been going on in the same way for a very long time – so finger sandwiches have been a part of the traditional English afternoon-tea for a long time. In the middle of the tier there are scones which are small round cakes which are often eaten with jam and cream which is known as a cream tea. And finally, at the top of the tier there are various cakes and sweet pastries.

People say that tea is its almost done like “courses” - a part of a meal which is served separately from the other parts of it. Now what about making the tea? How do you make a proper cup of English tea? What is the most important thing about making a cup of tea?

The most crucial thing about tea-making is to make sure that the water is “piping” hot – it is very hot and has just boiled. Then after pouring the water onto the tea leaves you let the leaves “stew” or absorb the water to make the tea. If you hear someone talking about “stewed tea” they are describing tea that has been left too long in the tea pot before being poured and tastes strong and bitter.

What about the milk? What is the tea making etiquette? What are the rules or socially accepted ways of adding the milk? Does it go in to the cup before the tea is poured or afterwards? Well at the Ritz the etiquette – or the accepted

way – is to add the milk afterwards so that the guest can decide how strong or weak they would like their tea.

Well as we mentioned earlier the Ritz is a very famous London hotel – so famous in fact that its name now appears in the dictionary as an adjective. What do you think it means? Even the name The Ritz has become generic in the dictionary, people talk about things being “ritzy” and even if something is not very ritzy or something is very ritzy and that all comes from the name. If something is described as “ritzy” it is expensive and fashionable – for example you might describe someone’s dress or car as ritzy. Well its 4 o clock now so it must be time for a cup of tea!

【解析】

这是https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1b14065287.html,上一篇以Afternoon tea at the Ritz为题的文章。Ritz是

著名的豪华连锁大饭店,英国的下午茶也是出名的。本篇文章前半部分讲述了下午茶的佐餐,后半部分主要讲如何沏茶。文章虽然有点长,但是与生活相关,内容分布也比较明显,易于理解,如果考生平时多读些文化生活方面的英语文章就会倍感轻松。

在这里,就这篇文章提供给大家一点点小建议:首先,听力里面基本上不会涉及到很复杂

的句式;其次,如果碰到一个很难的词汇,请大家仔细听是否有and, that is or that means , which 等词,因为很有可能后面跟的就是一个同义词,或者解释该词的从句;最后,大家要记住口译考试中的听力填空并不要求一定要字字正确,所以,如果实在想不起

该词,可用同义词代替,毕竟,口译要求的是传达说话者的意思,而不是完全正确复制整

篇文章。

最后,有些词汇还是需要平时累积的:

anniversary n. 周年纪念;

elegant adj. 优雅的;

ambience n. 气氛;

course meal 主菜;

three-tiered 三层;

filling n. 馅料,填充;

scone n. 烤饼;

pastry n. 油酥点心;

piping hot 滚烫的;

stew v. 炖,焖;

etiquette n. 礼节,礼仪;

ritzy adj. 豪华的,高级的;

The Ritz 丽兹(里兹)大饭店;

Palm Court 棕榈阁(大堂酒廊

2012年3月高级口译听力 Note-taking and Gap-filling 原文

The term “American dream” is widely used today. But wh at exactly does this concept mean? Where does the term come from? Has the meaning of the term changed over time? Questions like these can complicate a seemingly simple term and lead us to an even more important question: is the American dream a myth or a reality today?

The term “American dream” began to be widely used in 1867. The term was used

in a famous novel written by Horatio Alger. The novel, Ragged Dick, was a

“rags to riches” story about a little boy who was orphaned and lived in New York. The boy saved all his pennies, worked very hard, and eventually became rich. The novel sent the message to the American public that anyone could succeed in America if they were honest, worked hard, and showed determination

to succeed. No matter what your background, no matter where you were from, no matter if you had no money or no family, hard work and perseverance would

always lead to success.

Today, the message from Alger’s novel is still a prevalent one in this country. It is still used to define the American dream. A very basic definition of the American dream is that it is the hope of the American people to have a better quality of life and a higher standard of living than their parents. This can mean that each generation hopes for better jobs, or more financial security, or ownership of land or a home.

However, new versions and variations of the American dream have surfaced since Alger’s novel was published. For one thing, the basic definition I stated a moment ago — the idea that Americans are always seeking to improve their lifestyle — also suggests that each generation wants more than the previous

generation had. Some people would argue that this ever-increasing desire to improve the quality of one’s life may have started out on a smaller scale in the past, but today has led to an out-of-control consumerism and materialism.

Another more benign view of the American dream is that it is about the desire to create opportunities for ourselves, usually through hard work. A hallmark of the American dream, some would argue, is the classic “self-starter,” the person who starts out with very little in life—little money, few friends, few opportunities—and works hard to make his or her way in the world. A classic example of this type of American dreamer would be former president Abraham Lincoln, who was born in a log cabin, was largely self-educated, and yet worked his way up in the world to eventually become a United States president.

This view of the American dream has also been associated with immigrants and their quests for a better life in a new country. Americans have long been fascinated by immigrant stories, and many feel great pride about their own families who may have come from other countries, worked very hard, and created a better life for future generations.

The American dream has also, historically, been associated with westward expansion in this country. Throughout most of the 1800s, the notion of the frontier—a vast expanse of largely unclaimed land in the West—symbolized new opportunities and a fresh start to people. Many a dreamer set off for the West in search of land, jobs, gold, or other opportunities, often with next to nothing in his pocket. Unfortunately, this idea of new opportunities in the West had a negative side. The American West was not unpopulated; Native American Indians already lived there, along with other immigrant groups, and these people were often displaced — or met with violence — if they interfered with the visions or ideas of westward-migrating Americans.

A more recent interpretation of the American dream has to do with equality. Civil rights activists such as Dr. Martin Luther King Junior, used some of the rhetoric associated with the American dream to urge people to work for equal opportunities for all Americans, not just some Americans. A harsh reality was becoming clear to some people, especially in the 1960s and 1970s: not everyone had the same opportunities. If people were denied jobs, education, or other opportunities because of their race, ethnic background, or gender, was the American dream only a myth?

评析:这是一篇关于美国梦的文章。文中分别讲述了“美国梦”这一概念的出处和现今对“美国梦”的不同定义。“美国梦”的概念出自于小说《穿破衣服的迪克》,它传输给大众的观念是只要坚持梦想,不断努力,就能获取美国梦。而现今对“美国梦”的定义几经变迁,从一开始的“美国梦”意味着创造和把握机会,到后来80年代的西进运动,再到“美国梦”意味着平等。文章思路循序渐进,逻辑显明,根据时间线索层层递进的进行了讲述,考生比较容易把握住脉络和节奏做笔记

英语四级听力原文及答案200906

Short Conversations 11. W: There were more than a hundred people at Kate's birthday party. How come she's got so many friends? M: It's really no surprise. You know she was popular even when she was a child Q: What does the man imply about Kate? 11. She has always enjoyed great popularity 12. M: They say there'll be a snow-storm tonight, the cold weather will last quite a few days. W: Oh! We're so lucky, we'll be getting away for a while, and having a holiday in Florida. But let's call right now to confirm our flight. Q: What do we learn about the two speakers? 12. They are going to have a holiday 13. W: Tony was awarded a medal for rescuing several families from the forest fire. M: I really admire his courage. Q: What do we learn about Tony from the conversation? 13. He was very courageous 14. M: My washing machine is more than fifteen years old and it has worked just fine until last night. W: Y ou'll never be able to get parts for it, even from Japan. So it might be time to invest a more recent model. Q: What does the woman suggest the man do? 14. Buy a new washing machine 15. W: I heard about your promotion, you must be thrilled. M: Not really, the new office is huge, but the word load has doubled. Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation? 15. He is not excited about his new position 16. W: I can't decide what to do about the party tomorrow. M: Y ou don't have to go if you don't want to, but I'll be glad to give you a ride if you do. Q: What do we learn from the conversation? 16. The man offers to drive the women to the party 17. M: Now if you have any questions about the contract. I'll be happy to answer them. W: Nothing comes to mind right now, but I'd like to go over all the articles of the contract once more before signing it. Q: What are the speakers doing right now? 17. Finalizing a contract 18. M: We are out of paper for the printer. Can you please order some? W: I completed the order form online yesterday and it will be here by noon. I'll let you know when it comes in. Q: What did the woman do? 18. She ordered some paper Long Conversation Conversation One W: Bob, do you know who I saw the other day? Old Jake, looking terribly depressed. Did he get

【优质】英语四级翻译历年真题汇总

- 1 - 2012年6月 87. Those flowers looked as if they (好长时间没有浇水了) 答案: had not been watered for quite a long time. 考点:look as if 虚拟语气后接过去完成时。 88. Fred bought a car last week. It is (比我的车便宜一千英镑) 答案: 1000 pounds cheaper than that of mine. 考点:比较级,不要漏掉指代词that。 89. This TV program is quite boring. We might (不妨听听音乐) 答案:listen to the music as well. 考点:固定搭配may as well:不妨。 90. He left his office in a hurry, with (灯亮着,门开着) 答案:the lights on and the door open. 考点:with后的伴随结构。 91. The famous novel is said to (已被译成多种语言) 答案:have been translated into several languages. 2011年12月 87. Charity groups organized various activities to raise money for the survivors of the earthquake. (为地震幸存者筹款) 88. Linda couldn’t have received my e-mail (不可能收到我的电子邮件), otherwise, she could have replied. 89. It’s my mother who/that keeps encouraging me not to lose heart (一直鼓励我不要灰心) when I have difficulties in my study. 90. The publishing house has to consider the popularity of this novel. (考虑这本小说的受欢迎程度)。

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