2018届上海市各高中学校高三英语试题分类汇编--完型填空(带答案精确校对珍藏版)

Section A

Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

How to help your kids find a purpose? You don’t have to start with the really big questions. Quick, what’s the meaning of life?” Many of us may not be able to answer that, but that doesn’t __41__ our kids don’t have questions or need answers.

“The sense that your personal life is __42__ to you is a basis of psychological well-being,” says Michael F. Steger，director of the laboratory for Meaning and Quality of Life at Colorado State University. Not only that，it is tightly tied to being happier, more positive, more __43__, more caring, more helpful, more resilient (坚初), and more satisfied in your life, relationships, and work.

But helping your kids f ind meaning doesn’t mean parents have to __44__ all life’s ancient mysteries, Steger says. The __45__ is to understand the difference between the meaning of life and the meaning in life.

“We do not have to start with the biggest and most troubling questions about our lives,” Steger says. “We can start with trying to __46__ how, today, right now, we are going to do one thing that makes the story of our lives more positive, or makes a positive difference to someone else.”

With kids in __47__ school, Steger says, “At the mo st basic level, our best hopes for our children are that they feel their lives matter and that they __48__.” To start conversations along those lines, says Steger, “You can ask questions about what they think their best __49__ or strengths are, whether they have good relationships with other people, whether they care about others. You can ask them about times when they have made a difference, made someone feel better, felt __50__ for doing something, or helped someone out. All of these kinds of questions can start a conversation about your kid’s __51__ way of being in and contributing to the world.”

In middle school, says Steger, “Kids are be ing exposed to ideas, behaviors, assumptions, and priorities that might be __52__ different from the ones they have always assumed were true.” So for kids this age, parents can start conversations focusing on how your children’s sense of who they are, how they related to others and what life is has been __53__.

By high school, according to Steger, “We hope our children see how much their lives matter,

see that they are at the beginning of an exciting and strengthening life story, and have some slight ideas about __54__.” But the question of what you want to do with your life is too big for a single conversation, says Steger. Instead, he encourages parents to have __55__, smaller conversations with their kids about how they view themselves and their lives, and what kind of impact they would like to make.

41.A. intend B. mean C. remain D. hope

42.A. significant B. decisive C. meaningful D. useful

43.A. confident B. cautious C. intelligent D. special

44.A. discover B. present C. memorize D. solve

45.A. trick B. occupation C. address D. promise

46.A. look for B. pick up C. deal with D. figure out

47.A. junior B. advanced C. elementary D. senior

48.A. make a difference B. spare no effort C. take the initiative D. make a living

49.A. specialties B. qualities C. features D. performances

50.A. appreciated B. prepared C. understood D. well-known

51.A. apparent B. smart C. unique D. appropriate

52.A. generally B. eventually C. impossibly D. completely

53.A. improving B. strengthening C. appearing D. changing

54.A. truth B. purpose C. positivity D. contribution

55. A. permanent B. long-lasting C. frequent D. occasional

Keys: 41-45：BCADA 46-50：DCABA 51-55：CDDBC

Section A

Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

BEIJING, July 5 (Xinhua) --The South China Sea used to be a peaceful region before the United States poked its nose into the area.(41)_______its “Rebalance to the Asia-Pacific” strategy, what the United States really needs is to “rebalance” its attitude toward the issue.

Small frictions in the South China Sea date back to the late 1960s when some American scientists reported the discovery of rich gas and petrol resources in the region. Some coastal countries started to (42) the islands for that reason since then. in the following years, China maintained overall peace in the waters via constant and friendly negotiations with (44)______ countries, and reached the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea with Association of Southeast Asian Nations countries in 2002. Taking no sides on the South China Sea issue was the U.S. (45)_______ in the past.

However, the Obama administration (46)_______the Rebalance to the Asia-Pacific strategy in 2009 and started to shamelessly interfere in the area, which dis far from U.S.

(47)_______. In 2010, then U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said (48) tha t her country? “has a national interest” in the South China Sea. This May, Secretary of State John Kerry warned that China’s action could create a “tinderbox” ( 引火盒) in the region, (49)_____other countries’ aggressive actions a long time ago.

Freedom of navigation, respect for international law and strategic security are the (50)_______ most frequently used by the United States to disguise its private interests in the region. However, since 2015, U.S. warships and military aircraft have repeatedly (51)______the Nansha Islands without Chinese permission. This in fact reveals provocation and hegemony (霸权主义) behind the U.S. (52)_____of navigational freedom.

Outside the binding UNCLOS treaty, the United States secures the free movement of its maritime force by unilateral actions, which (53)_____violates smaller countries’ sovereignties or interests.

The superpower claimed that its military (54)_____in the South China Sea aims to protect its allies like Japan and the Philippines given the increasing tension in the region.

The United States should understand that it is only promoting regional conflicts to cover up its political interests under the guise of international law. To play a(n) (55)_____role in the Asia-Pacific region, Washington needs to readjust its attitude.

41. A.In spite of B. Instead of C. In view of D. Apart from

42. A.occupy B. inhabit C. settle D. grasp

43. A.Subsequently B. Surprisingly C. Consequently D. Fortunately

44. A.developed B. developing C. concerned D. native

45. A.post B. position C. posture D. gesture

46. A.abandoned B. reinforced C. launched D. supplement

47. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1713532834.html,ernment B. shores C. satisfactory D. possession

48. A.openly B. officially C. occasionally D. casually

49. A.mentioning B. acquiring C. striking D. ignoring

50. A.measures B. terms C. benefits D. privileges

51. A.invaded B. visited C. approached D. isolated

52. A.claim B. address C. independence D. announcement

53. A.incredibly B. infinitely C. principally D. essentially

54. A.presence B. interruption C. interference D. service

55. A. leading B. constructive C. dominant D. irreplaceable

Keys: 41-45 BADDC 46-50 CAADB 51-55 CADAB

Section A

Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

When Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin returned from the moon, their cargo included nearly fifty pounds of rock and soil, which were packed in an aluminum box with seals designed to maintain the _____41_____ surface’s low-pressure environment. But back at Johnson Space Center, in Houston, scientists discovered that the seals had been _____42_____—by moon dust.

Lunar dust is fine, like a powder, _____43_____ it cuts like glass. It’s formed when meteoroids crash on the moon’s surface, heating rocks and dirt ____44____ them to fine particles. Since there’s no wind or water to smooth ____45_____ edges, the tiny grains are sharp and jagged, and cling to nearly everything.

“The invasive _____46_____ of lunar dust represents a more challenging engineering design issue, as well as a _____47_____issue for settlers, than does radiation,” wrote Harrison (Jack) Schmitt, an Apollo 17 astronaut, in his 2006 book, “Return to the Moon.” The dust sullied spacesuits and ate away layers of moon boots. Over the ____48_____ of six Apollo missions, not

one rock box _____49_____its vacuum seal. Dust followed the astronauts back into their ships, too. According to Schmitt, it smelled like gunpowder and made breathing difficult. No one knows precisely what the microscopic particles do to human lungs.

The dust not only _____50_____ the moon’s surface, but floats up to sixty miles above it—as part of its exosphere, where particles are bound to the moon by gravity, but are so sparse that they _____51_____ collide. In the nineteen-sixties, Surveyor probes filmed a glowing cloud floating just above the lunar surface during sunrise. Later, Apollo 17 astronaut Gene Cernan, while orbiting the moon, recorded a _____52_____ phenomenon at the sharp line where lunar day meets night, called the terminator. Cernan _____53______a series of pictures illustrating the changing dustscape; streams of particles popped _____54_____the ground and levitated, and the resulting cloud came into sharper focus as the astronauts’ orbiter approached daylight. _____55______ there’s no wind to form and sustain the clouds, their origin is something of a mystery. It’s presumed that they’re made of dust, but no one fully understands how or why they do their thing.

41. A. solar B. lunar C. dusty D. mysterious

42. A. destroyed B. stained C. changed D. so

43. A. because B. however C. but D. sharping

44. A. adapting B. reducing C. tailoring D. shaping

45. A. soft B. hard C. rough D. flat

46. A. nature B. speed C. degree D. troops

47. A. intelligence B. health C. fund D. future

48. A. moment B. situation C. course D. program

49. A. installed B. lost C. found D. maintained

50. A. coats B. affects C. protects D. crusts

51. A. frequently B. violently C. gently D. rarely

52. A. strange B. similar C. common D. different

53. A. sketched B. described C. received D. copied

54. A. out B. in C. off D. down

55. A. Although B. Wherever C. Unless D. Since

Keys: 41-45 BACBC 46-50 ABCDA 51-55 DBACD

Section A

Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

“Deep reading”---as opposed to the often superficial reading we do on the W eb---is an endangered practice, one we ought to take steps to preserve as we would a historic building or a significant work of art. Its__ 41 __would jeopardize（危及）the intellectual and emotional development of generations growing up online, as well as the perpetuation of a critical part of our __ 42 __: the novels, poems and other kinds of literature that can be __ 43 __ only by readers whose brains, quite literally, have been trained to apprehend them.

Recent research in cognitive science, psychology and neuroscience has demonstrated that deep reading ---slow, immersive, rich in sensory detail and emotional and moral complexity ---is a distinctive experience, different in kind from the mere decoding of words. Although deep reading does not, strictly speaking, __ 44 __ a conventional book, the built-in limits of the printed page are uniquely conducive to the deep reading experience. A book’s lack of hyperlinks, for example, __ 45 __the reader from making decisions ---Should I click on this link or not? ---allowing her to remain fully immersed（使沉浸于）in the narrative.

That immersion is supported by the way the brain handles language rich in detail, allusion and metaphor: by creating a mental representation that draws on the same brain regions that would be __ 46 __ if the scene were unfolding in real life. The emotional situations and moral dilemmas that are the stuff of literature are also vigorous __ 47 __ for the brain, propelling us inside the heads of __ 48 __ characters and even, studies suggest, increasing our real-life capacity for empathy（认同）.

None of this is likely to happen when we’re __ 49 __ through website. Although we call the activity by the same name, the deep reading of books and the __ 50 __-driven reading we do on the W eb are very different, both in the __ 51 __ they produce and in the capacities they develop. A growing body of evidence __ 52 __ that online reading may be less engaging and less satisfying, even for the “digital__ 53 __”for whom it is so familiar. Last month, for example, Britain’s National Literacy Trust __ 54 __ the results of a study of 34,910 young people aged 8 to 16. Researchers reported that 39% of children and teens read daily using electronic devices, but only

28% read __ 55 __ materials every day. Those who read only onscreen were three times less likely to say they enjoy reading very much and a third less likely to have a favorite book. The study also found that young people who read daily only onscreen were nearly two times less likely to be above-average readers than those who read daily in print or both in print and onscreen.

41.A. spread B. disappearance C. influence D. destruction

42.A. history B. tradition C. value D. culture

43. A. appreciated B. published C. produced D. renewed

44. A. provide B. require C. revise D. request

45. A. separates B. isolates C. protects D. frees

46. A. active B. passive C. collective D. positive

47. A. campaign B. exercise C. attack D. speech

48. A. imaginative B. main C. fictional D. tragic

49. A. searching B. browsing C. staring D. watching

50. A. power B. information C. desire D. background

51. A. effect B. evidence C. experience D. argument

52. A. advises B. presents C. sees D. suggests

53. A. devices B. natives C. systems D. settlers

54. A. received B. rejected C. released D. confirmed

55. A. printed B. classified C. related D. collected

Keys: 41-45 BDABD 46-50 ABCBB 51-55 CDBCA

Section A

Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

In an ideal world, people would not perform experiments on animals. For the people, they are expensive. For the animals, they are stressful and often painful. That ideal

world,_____41_____ ,is still some way away. People need new drugs and vaccines. They want _____42_____ from the toxicity (毒性)of chemicals. The search for basic scientific answers goes on._____43_____ the European Commission is moving ahead with proposals that will_____44_____ the number of animal experiments carried out in the European Union, by requiring toxicity tests on every chemical_____45_____ for use within the union's borders in the past 25 years.

Already, the commission has _____46_____ 140,000 chemicals that have not yet been tested. It wants 30,000 of these to be examined right away, and plans to spend between $ 4 billion -$ 8 billion doing so. The number of animals used for toxicity testing in Europe will thus, experts reckon, quintuple (翻五倍）from just over 1 million a year to about 5 , unless they are saved by some dramatic _____47_____ in non-animal testing technology. Animal experimentation will therefore be around for some time yet. But the search for substitutes continues.

A good place to start finding _____48_____ for toxicity tests is the liver—the organ responsible for breaking toxic chemicals down into safer molecules that can then be eliminated from body. Two firms, one large and one small, told the meeting how they were using human liver cells removed incidentally during surgery to test various substances for long-term toxic effects.

PrimeCyte, the small firm, grows its cells in cultures(培养基）over a few weeks and doses them regularly with the substance under ______49______. The characteristics of the cells are carefully_____50______, to look for changes in their microanatomy(组织学). Pfizer, the big firm, also doses its cultures regularly, but rather than studying______51______ cells in detail, it counts cell numbers. If the number of cells in a culture changes after a sample is added, that suggests the chemical_____52______ is bad for the liver.

Other tissues, too, can be tested______53______ of animals. Epithelix, a small firm in Geneva, has developed an_____54______ version of the lining of the lungs. According to Huang Song, one of Epithelix's researchers, the firm's cultured cells have similar microanatomy to those found in natural lung linings, and______55______ in the same way to various chemical messengers. Dr. Huang says that they could be used in long-term toxicity tests of airborne chemicals and could also help identify treatments for lung diseases.

All this suggests that though there is still some way to go before drugs, vaccines and other substances can be tested routinely on cells rather than live animals, useful progress is being made.

41. A. fortunately B. sadly C. ironically D. technically

42. A. protection B. identification C. isolation D. interaction

43. A. However B. Indeed C. Instead D. Furthermore

44. A, increase B. decrease C. prohibit D. specify

45. A. tested B. created C. assessed D. approved

46. A. outlined B. imposed C. identified D. released

47. A. diagnoses B. advances C. proofs D. appearances

48. A. alternatives B. breakthroughs C. possibilities D. implications

49. A. suspicion B. control C. way D. investigation

50. A. monitored B. studied C analyzed D. classified

51. A. relevant B. numerous C. individual D. measurable

52. A. in question B. in principle C. in practice D. in reality

53. A. successfully B. independently C. occasionally D. collectively

54. A. useful, B. constant C. mature D. artificial

55. A. operate B. function C. respond D. enhance

Keys: 41-45 BABAD 46-50 CBADA 51-55 CABDC

Section A

Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

The picture of miseries and sufferings of the Black woman in America may appear, perhaps darker and more depressing than Dante’s(但丁) description of Hell because in the history of human race, the Black woman in America has suffered the most. A lose and critical (41)________ of history of the Black woman’s life and condition since her arrival in a strange land will unfold very well the long story of her pain and sorrow (42)______ her mutilated(被切断的) soul. Since her arrival on the foreign shore, the Black woman has been facing the worst kind of (43)______ and oppression. As a Black she has had to endure all the horrors of slavery and has been the (44)______ of continually inhumane treatment in all kinds of work, (45)_______ the lowest place

on the wage scale and restricted to the lowest-status and the most uncreative jobs. Since times of slavery, Black womanhood has been destroyed, twisted and abused with racial and inhuman (46)______ by black men and white men and women. In the process, they have lost their genuine “self”, and have developed a(n) (47)________ in themselves-though as black women, they see themselves with the eyes of white men and women and black men. This has ultimately been responsible for the destruction of their self-confidence and the feeling of being human. They (48）_______ themselves as masters’ belonging.

As a mother she has seen her children sold into slavery. She has seen them left at home without attention while she (49)_______ to the needs of the children of the ruling class. She has seen her children suffer from drug addiction, the (50)_______ of decent education and experience attacks by a racist society, and (51)_______ the prisons of this nation. In addition, besides suffering the common fate of all oppressed people, the African-American women continue to (52)_______ the oppression of woman by men, which existed for long. In the home she becomes “the slave of a slave”. Men may be cruelly treated and subjected to all sorts of dehumanizing treatment on the part of the ruling class. (53)_______, at least they can take out their frustration on someone else, their women.

Thus feminism in America means much more than what it stands for in other European countries, chiefly because it has different role and meaning (54)_______ the Black women. If a feminist is commonly defined as one who is involved in transforming and (55)_________ familiar realities, then Black women are innate(天生的) feminists. Black women writing exhibits and constructs a Black women’s literary tradition that is inherently feminist. Barbara Smith, an influential Black feminist critic, states that the ability of Black women to survive in the face of White America exhibits an innate feminist potential.

41. A. respect B. reference C. account D. expression

42. A. associated with B. completed with C. involved in D. joined by

43. A. exploration B. exhaustion C. exploitation D. explosion

44. A. article B. item C. substance D.object

45.A. including B. occupying C. containing D. striking

46. A. procedures B. processes C. descriptions D. practices

47. A. complexity B. anxiety C. simplicity D. gravity

48. A. look to B. look upon C. look over D. look through

49. A. took B. kept C. attended D.appealed

50. A. richness B. lack C. variety D. possibility

51. A. populating B. emphasizing C. charging D. criticizing

52. A. undertake B. underline C. undervalue D. undergo

53. A. Therefore B. Anyway C. However D. Moreover

54. A. with respect to B. In line with C. in addition to D. In parallel with

55. A. reappointing B. representing C. reconsidering D. reinterpreting Keys: 41-45 CACDB 46-50 DABCB 51-55 ADCAD

Section A

Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

“ Smart building” is a term that is very popular among opinion-formers, but what exactly is it and how can it be_____41______ to reduce energy use?

Some people may think “ smart” simpl y means automated high-tech or _____42_____ ; others thinks it means_____43_____environmental impact, and then there are others who think it means a combination of these.

Automated buildings have been _____44______ since the 1960s and have to become more complicated over the decades. The technologies used include optimization (最佳化) of heating systems , where the control system looks at both external and internal temperatures over 24 hours deciding on switch-on times. _____45_____, lighting turns itself on when it gets dark, while doors open when someone_____46______.

There is argument as to whether the building intelligence or the intelligence of the users s of greater importance. Most believe that is a _____47______ of both. Use behavior will ____48_____ but not necessarily to the technology. We each have our own requirements for the space around us and will_____49______to make it comfortable.

Some people think we need more knowledge in intelligent building control systems, because people_____50_____ more if they know what is happening and why. Very often there are complex systems that sit in the background. _____51_____ , it seems that people change there behavior if

they know that behavior is having a(n) ____52_____ on the energy the are using.

If we want to reduce the amount of energy used and hence reduce _____53_____ related carbon emission , a number of factors have to be considered, such as how the building users and their interaction are linked with the _____54______concept. As pressure continues to grow for buildings to become more energy efficient, the demand for _____55______will continue to grow.

41. A. applied B. performed C. operated D. formed

42. A. flexible B. energetic C. intelligent D. attractive

43. A. low B. great C. extreme D. inferior

44. A. open B. around C. lucky D. magical

45. A. Instead B. Consequently C. Also D. Initially

46. A. switches B. approaches C. flashes D. controls

47. A. dream B. denial C. construction D. combination

48. A. turn B. stick C. modernize D. adapt

49. A. struggle B. race C. overtake D. strive

50. A. engage B. grasp C. reserve D. deserve

51. A. Therefore B. However C. Moreover D. Finally

52. A. impression B. affection C. effect D. shortage

53. A. reasonably B. similarly C. directly D. heavily

54. A. environmental B. smart C. efficient D. considerate

55. A. automation B. industrialization C. globalization D. mechanism

Keys: 41-45 A C A B C 46-50 B D D D A 51-55 A D C C A A

Section A

Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Over the last 15 years, digital communication has brought in more changes than the printing press did in 1570. And those most likely to use them in this world are teenagers, whose brains appear to have an extraordinary volume to adapt to the world around them, according to Dr Jay Giedd, a(n) 41 brain expert.