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高考英语中省略句的考点透析与解读

高考英语中省略句的考点透析与解读

孙小峰

省略是高中英语学习的重点和难点,也是每年高考考查的热点。在解题时,除了应特别注意进行语境分析,从上、下文中找出相关的省略成份外,还要对省略的考查热点有所了解,从而做到有的放矢,找出解题的突破口。

热点1:考查简单句中的省略

此考点考查简单句中句子成分的省略,如主语,谓语,宾语和主谓语;省略主语常出现在祈使句中,其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。例如:

(I) Thank you for your help.(括号内为省略的词语,下同)

(I) see you tomorrow. (It) Doesn’t matter.

省略主谓语(或谓语的一部分)后,通常只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其它成分。例如:

(I'm) Afraid I can't come.(恐怕我不能来了)

(Have you) Got any ink?(你有墨水吗?)

【高考链接】-It’s a long time since I saw my sister.

-_________her this weekend?

A. Why not visit

B. Why not to visit

C. Why not visiting

D. Why don’t visit

【答案与解析】答案为A。本题考查省略主谓语,这里why not visit =Why didn’t you visit,这种既注重基础又兼顾生活交际的试题,其实多数学生感觉很容易能得出正确答案。

热点2:考查宾语从句中的省略

宾语从句中的省略情况有两种,第一是为了避免重复,省略宾语从句;第二是在以that

引导的宾语从句中,可省略引导词that;但在含有两个that引导的宾语从句中第一个that可省略,第二个that不能省略。例如:

Tom has gone home, but I don't know why (he has gone home).(省略宾语从句)

I heard (that ) he had gone abroad.(省略宾语从句的引导词that)

【高考链接】The report says the Internet is developing rapidly, and _______the world’s information superhighway is already beginning to take shape.

A. why

B. that

C. when

D. where

【答案与解析】答案为B。该题考查that引导的并列宾语从句,says后并列的两个以that引导的宾语从句即使省略第一个that,第二个that 可不能省略。

此外,若省略了整个从句或从句的一部分时, 常用so或not(切不可用it或that)代替。例如:

—Is he coming back tonight? —I think so.

—Is he feeling better today? —I’m afraid not.

这种用法常见的有:Is that so? I hope so,He said so 以及I suppose not,I believed not,I hope not等。(但I don’t think so比I think not更常用)。

【高考链接】—What’s the noise ? It sounds as if it comes from upst airs.

— ____ __ . It must be the window-cleaner working, next door.

A. I’m not sure

B. I hope not

C. I’d rather not

D. I don’t think so

【答案与解析】答案为D, 本题考查宾语从句的省略,答语省略了从句, 用so代替, 若补全:I don’t think the noise come s from upstairs.

热点3:考查状语从句中的省略

此考点考查状语从句中省略主谓语的情况,在由when,while,as, once,whenever引导的时间状语从句;由if,unless引导的条件状语从句;由though,although,even if ,even though 引导的让步状语从句;由as though,as if,as引导的方式状语从句;由because引导的原因状语从句;由wherever引导的地点状语从句中,若从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同,且在谓语中含有be时,常省略从句的主语和be。例如:

When (she was) asked , she didn’t answer a word.(省略主谓语she was)

We may try again when (it is ) necessary.(省略主谓语it is)

【高考链接】The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if __ regularly, can improve our health.

A. being carried out

B. carrying out

C. carried out

D. to carry out

【答案与解析】答案为C;本题考查if条件句中的省略情况。句子的主语是the experiment;谓语动词是shows;that引导宾语从句,宾语从句的主干是:proper amounts of exercise can improve our health,if_____ regularly是插入的条件从句,从句的主语是proper amounts of exercise,此时应用it代替前面提到的主语,条件句的主语与主句的主语一致,并且含有is,

故省略了it is,完整形式是:if it is carried out。句意为:这项实验表明,适当的运动,如果有规律的进行,能够有助于我们的身体健康。

另外,在条件状语从句中,当主句和从句内容相同时,可省略从句, 常用so或not代替,即if s o或if not。

【答案与解析】答案为A, 考查状语从句中的省略。If so代替If you have done so.

【高考链接】Some of you may have finished unit one. _____ , you can go on to unit two.

A. If you may

B. If you do

C. If not

D. If so

【答案与解析】答案为D, 考查状语从句中的省略。If so代替If you have done so.

考点4:考查定语从句中的省略

此考点考查限定性定语从句中省略的三种情况,第一是当先行词在从句中做宾语时可以省略引导词that,which或whom;第二是在以the same... as和such... as引导的定语从句中,可以省略与主句相同的部分;第三是the way后面的定语从句中,可以省略that或in which。例如:

Is this the reason he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? (先行词在从句中做宾语,省略引导词)

What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it. (the way后定语从句省略引导词)【高考链接】—Do you have anything to say for yourselves?

—Yes,there's one point_____ we must insist on.

A. why

B. where

C. how

D. /

【答案与解析】答案为D。有一点(point)我们必须要坚持的。先行词point 在定语从句中做宾语。关系代词that 省略,故答案为D。

考点5:考查并列句中的省略

该考点考查在并列句中,如果后面的分句,与前面的分句有相同的部分, 为免重复,可将相同的这一部分省略掉。例如:

He teaches English and his brother maths. (省略相同的谓语动词teaches)

We have been waiting for her to come back to see us, but (we have been waiting) in vain. (省略了与前面分句中相同的成分主谓语)

【高考链接】He has made a lot of films, but ____ good ones.

A. any

B. some

C. few

D. many

【答案与解析】答案为C。他制作了很多电影,但是好的很少。省略了But 后并列分句的主谓语he has made; but few good ones = but he made few good ones.

考点6:考查有关不定式的省略情况

该考点主要考查在主动语态中,感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作补足语时,往往将不定式符号to省略;例如:I don’t like milk, but mother made me drink it. 我不喜欢牛奶,可是母亲强迫我喝。

【高考链接】—Excuse me sir, where is Room 301?

—Just a minute. I’ll have Bob ____you to your room.

A. show

B. shows

C. to show

D. showing

【答案与解析】答案为A;考查have后作宾补的不定式省略.have sb. do sth.意为“命令或安排(某人做某事)”。根据所提供的情景“Excuse me, where is Room 301?”可判断出让Bob带你到你房间去。have sb. doing sth.表示“使某人一直处于某中状态”。

另外,在并列分句中,如有和上文重复的不定式时,在后面的分句中只保留其不定式符号to,而把动词和其它部分省略。

【高考链接】—What' s the matter with Della?

—Well, her parents wouldn't allow her to go to the party, but she still __

A. hopes to

B. hopes so

C. hopes not

D. hopes for

【答案与解析】答案为A, 考查不定式的省略,hope to后省略了go to the party.

考点7:考查虚拟语气中的省略

高考对虚拟语气中省略的情况主要从以下两方面考查:

1. 考查在if引导的虚拟条件句中,若省略了连词if,则直接把were, had或should放在句首,句子其余成分的顺序不变。

【高考链接】_______fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.

A. Would you be

B. Should you be

C. Will have been working

D. Had worked

【答案与解析】答案为B。句意为:如果你被解雇,你的医疗保健和其他利益不会立即停掉。与将来事实相反,相当于if you should be fired。

2. 考查在表示“坚持、要求、命令、建议”之类的动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词要用“should + 动词原形”形式,should 可省略。这样的动词有:一个“坚持”:insist;两个“命令”:order,

command;三个“建议”:suggest,advise,propose;四个“要求”:demand,request,require,urge

【高考链接】The woman boss told the customer that it was none of her business and ordered that he _____ away at once.

A. went

B. go

C. goes

D. going

【答案与解析】答案为B,考查虚拟语气中省略should的情况,这里是order引起的宾语从句,且从句谓语动词用should+动词原形的形式,should可以省略。故选B项

以上是高考对省略现象考查的一些主要方面,当然还有其他方面的考查形式,平时同学们只要善于总结,考试中定会触类旁通,举一反三。

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