必考英语语法——独立主格

2016年必考英语语法——独立主格

1.独立主格与状语从句的转换

当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。如：

Afterclasswasover（=Classbeingover/Classover），thestudentssoonlefttheclassroom.下课后，学生很快离开了教室。

2.不能省略being（havingbeen）的情形

在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或havingbeen）不能省略：

（1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语是代词时。如：

ItbeingSunday,wewenttochurch.因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。

（2）在Therebeing+名词的结构中。如：

Therebeingnobus,wehadtogohomeonfoot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。

3.通常不用物主代词或冠词

在“名词（或代词）+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。如：

MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,bookinhand.史密斯先生走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。

比较with的复合结构：MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,withabookinhishand.

4.独立主格结构没有所有格形式

Thechief-editorarriving,webeganthemeeting.主编来了，我们开始开会。

比较动名词复合结构：

Thechief-editor’sarrivingmadeusverysurprised.

5.独立主格的时态问题

独立主格结构作时间或原因状语时，可用完成时，表示该动作发生在谓语之前。如： Thelistenershavingtakentheirseats,theconcertbegan.听众坐好后，音乐会开始了。

Tomhavingbeenlateoverandover,hisbosswasverydisappointed.由于汤姆一再迟到，他的老板非常失望。

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