雅思阅读考试中常见百句短语大汇总
雅思阅读考试中常见百句短语大汇总
雅思听力拼写必须正确的高频词汇
雅思阅读捷径-剑桥真题中同义替换词和考点2008-11-10 17:00
分类：雅思阅读
字号：大大中中小小
1.rigid/ stiff/ unchanged/ little change 僵硬的，一成不变的
2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/ 巨大的,明显的，程度大的/substantial
3.approximately 将近-nearly, almost
4.proportion/ percentage 比例
5.be involved (in)/ involve in/ involvement [n.] 涉及，卷入，参与
6.given/ considering , in regard to / despite/ although 有鉴于
考虑到，尽管
6.induce [v] 引入，引导，引诱/ inductive [n] 归纳>< deduce /deductive推断
7.fortune/ destiny/ chances
8.deplete 开采完，耗尽/ exhaust –exhaust emission (尾气)排放/ exploit
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1a13903515.html,plex 错综复杂的/ complicated/ sophisticated 老奸巨滑的，复杂的
10.capacity能力，容量/ competence （竞争）能力/ ability 能力（笼统的）
11.确保，保障：Secure-security/ ensure (insure)/ guarantee 押金
12.solely/ merely/ only
13.a vast array of 系列/ a great variety of 花样，品种/ a great rang 系列of
14.pesticide 杀虫/ suicide 自杀/ homicide/ murder杀人
15.believe/ assume (responsibility)/ suppose
16.授权，委托：authorize/ commission 佣金/ entitle 头衔+ ment =right （权利）
17.purchase/ buy
18. ethnic 种族的/ ethic 伦理，道德的+ s =[n ]
19. modify/ change [v] shift work 轮班工作[n]
20. insight/knowledge/ learning/ understanding/ knowing
21.constrain拘泥，限制/ restrict 限制/ limit
22. circumstance 环境（社会）/ surroundings/ environment 环境（环保）背景background 后台/ settings后台，布景/ context 上下文（文章中）
23.notorious 臭名昭著的/ flagrant臭的> 24.移民：immigrant (进来)/ emigrant(出去)/migrant 25.兴旺，繁荣；prosperous/ thriving/ booming（人口，行业）/flourishing 26.神圣的：divine/ heavenly/ holy/ sacred 27.有毒的：poisonous/ toxic ( in-, non- 无毒的) 28.致命的：deadly/ fatal/ lethal/ mortal 29.类似于：look like/ resemble 30. chronic长期的,慢性的— long-term 长期的 31.网恋：virtual love/ cyber love 32.网友：on-line /net/ cyber friend 上网（聊天）chat on line/ go on-line cyber café/网吧 33.evolve-evolution 进化/ revolute-revolution 革命，旋转/ involve-involution 卷入，涉及 34. indicator/ predictor 表示诠释，预测 35.indicate/ demonstrate/ display/exhibit/betray 36. therapist /expert/ specialist 37. 优点，长处，美德：advantage/ merit/ virtue/ length 38. commonest/ frequent 39. 未开发的，初级的：rudimentary/ underdeveloped 40. 退化：degenerate/ -tion [n] ->generate 生产，制造/ degrade ->grade 等级/ deteriorate 恶化，每况愈下 41. 分类：category-categorize/ class-classify 42. consequence后果->影响/ subsequence紧跟其后/ sequence=order秩序/ frequency频率 43.clash 冲突（民族，种族）/crash 飞机坠毁 44. substitution=> substitute sth for sb /replace 45.alternative=> 选择性，代替性，辅助性 46.孤立：isolate/ alienate/insulate隔绝，排外，孤立->be alien to/insulate (-ior) 绝缘，隔热（体）47．缺点，不足之处：defect/ flaw/ failing/ disadvantage /drawback 48.创新的，发明的，新颖的，创新的：inventive (-tion)/ innovative (-tion)/ creative (-tion)/ ingenious (ity)/novel (-ty) =>[n]/creative/revolutionary l 易错拼写：environment/ convenient 49．neutral 中立的，中性的/negative 否定，消极，阴性的/positive 肯定，积极，阳性的50．ambiguous->ambiguity 模棱两可的，暧昧的/obscure https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1a13903515.html,municate 沟通，传达，通报 52.accommodate 1供...食宿，2=adapt to 适应，调整，3=hold 容纳，4使…停靠 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1a13903515.html,mitment 1 ~ to sth 奉献2 责任,义务 54．contribute to 导致~ result in /account for (占据)导致 54.缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/ insufficient/ deficient/lack (of)/ short (of) 55.强调：emphasize/ stress/ highlight/ focus on/ concentrate on 明显的：apparently 显而易见的/patently 道貌岸然的/ obviously=>evidently 56.对…怀疑：(be) /skeptical/skeptical /dubious/ suspicious (about/of) 57.缺点，缺陷：drawback/ fault/ defect/ imperfection/ failing/ weakness/ shortcoming/ flaw 58.臭命昭著的：notorious->notoriety/ flagrant/ smelly/ odorous 59.机构，组织：association/ structure /organization 60.超过：exceed/ surpass 61.岩浆：molten rock/ lava/ magma 62.语言：linguist ~学家/ lingual和~有关的/ bilingual/ 双语 63.多种多样的：diversity/ variety/ breed/ species breed：[n]品种，[v]繁殖，培养，引起，造成 64.dialect 方言accent 腔调 65.开始的，初步的：begin/ launch/ initial (-ly) [v] 首字母，开始的/ initiate开始，发动->initiative 原创性= origin 66.贫穷：poor/ in poverty/ impoverished（被剥夺财产的） 67.杰出：eminence (-t)/ prominence (-t)/unusual 68.gene/ genetic defect ~缺陷/ anatomy解剖/ conceive构思，怀孕/ deliver分娩 69.辅助性：alternative 补充性/ therapist 70.演绎，推理：deduce->deductive / inferential >< induce 引导，引入，归纳-> induction 归纳 71.令人困惑的：bewildering/ puzzling/ perplexing 72.apply：紧靠，涂，将…应用于，适用，专心致力于，献身于 73.subsidize辅助/ subsidy 补助，补贴/ subsidiary 74.a factor in sth/ depend on sth 75.be preferred by/ choice 76.attitude to/ how 77.the present century/ modern society 78.broad/ great 79.in term of 按照，在…方面，关于/with regard to, in spite of 不顾，尽管 80. small-scale 小范围/ marginal 边缘处的 81. physical/ medical 82.negotiation/ agreement 谈判，洽谈/ 商定，协议 83.evolve/ develop 84.apartment/ accommodation 公寓/ 住房 85.virtual (love)/ simulate 模拟的（网恋）/ 模拟 86.catastrophe/ disaster 大灾难/ 灾难，不幸 87.innovate/ invent 革新，创新/ 发明，创造 sculpture/ craft 雕刻，雕塑/ 工艺 88.exorbitant/ expensive 过度的，极高的/ 费用大的，昂贵的 89. be participant in/ take part in /participate in https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1a13903515.html,bour [美，澳]/work 91.attend to/ take care of 92.dual employment/ dual-worker 双职工（家庭） 93.indicate/ predict 指示，表明，象征/ 预料，预言 A major contributor to/ be central to 来源，起点/ 是…的主要，中心原因 94.expert/ therapist 专家，能手；知识丰富的/ 某个专科的专家 95.lead to/ be associated with 相联系（带来…的好处） 96.balanced/ equitable 平等的 97.handicap/ disabled/primitive 残疾的，落后的 98. could not-and cannot/ has always been unable to by/ from 99.benefit/ advantage 100.substantial influence/ greater likelihood 66.贫穷：poor/ in poverty/ impoverished（被剥夺财产的） 67.杰出：eminence (-t)/ prominence (-t)/unusual 68.gene/ genetic defect ~缺陷/ anatomy解剖/ conceive构思，怀孕/ deliver分娩 69.辅助性：alternative 补充性/ therapist 70.演绎，推理：deduce->deductive / inferential >< induce 引导，引入，归纳-> induction 归纳 71.令人困惑的：bewildering/ puzzling/ perplexing 72.apply：紧靠，涂，将…应用于，适用，专心致力于，献身于 73.subsidize辅助/ subsidy 补助，补贴/ subsidiary 74.a factor in sth/ depend on sth 75.be preferred by/ choice 76.attitude to/ how 77.the present century/ modern society 78.broad/ great 79.in term of 按照，在…方面，关于/with regard to, in spite of 不顾，尽管 80. small-scale 小范围/ marginal 边缘处的 81. physical/ medical 82.negotiation/ agreement 谈判，洽谈/ 商定，协议 83.evolve/ develop 84.apartment/ accommodation 公寓/ 住房 85.virtual (love)/ simulate 模拟的（网恋）/ 模拟 86.catastrophe/ disaster 大灾难/ 灾难，不幸 87.innovate/ invent 革新，创新/ 发明，创造 sculpture/ craft 雕刻，雕塑/ 工艺 88.exorbitant/ expensive 过度的，极高的/ 费用大的，昂贵的 89. be participant in/ take part in /participate in https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1a13903515.html,bour [美，澳]/work 91.attend to/ take care of 92.dual employment/ dual-worker 双职工（家庭） 93.indicate/ predict 指示，表明，象征/ 预料，预言 A major contributor to/ be central to 来源，起点/ 是…的主要，中心原因 94.expert/ therapist 专家，能手；知识丰富的/ 某个专科的专家 95.lead to/ be associated with 相联系（带来…的好处） 96.balanced/ equitable 平等的 97.handicap/ disabled/primitive 残疾的，落后的 98. could not-and cannot/ has always been unable to by/ from 99.benefit/ advantage 100.substantial influence/ greater likelihood 101.agree on/ define 102.considered desirable/ effectiveness 103.masquerade/ (in) disguise 伪装 104.insignificant/ didn’t seriously不重要/不严重的 105.inspect/ examine 审核,检查 106．caliber/ criterion 标准 107．no-one know>< notorious 无人知晓><臭名昭著的 108．dissatisfy/ argue 不满意/厌恶，讨厌 109.pessimism/ negative/ blue>< optimistic 悲观的，忧郁的>< 乐观的 110.unsatisfactory/ hardly be looked upon 111.identify/ define 112.turn… into/ become 113.urban/ rural/suburban 114.demolish/ knock down/ dismantle 毁坏，拆毁（建筑物）/ 敲，打 115.migration/ move 迁移/ 移动 116.pay/ charge sb for 向某人…猛攻，充电，负责，付费，控诉 117.separate/ split 分开，使隔绝，提取/ 分，劈开 118.fascination/attraction (-e:[v]) 迷住，吸引住 119.not require/ unnecessary 不需要/ 不必要 120.decode/ decipher 译解（密码），解释 121.delay/ drawback= disadvantage 耽误，延迟/ 欠缺，弊端 122.association/ organization 机构，关联/ 组织 123.*recent/ current/ nowadays/present 最近的/ 现代的/ 当今的/现在 124.intensive burst/ explosive release 强烈的爆发/ 爆炸性的释放 125.recognized/ identified 承认，识别，认可/ 识别，鉴别 126.aim to/ focus on 针对，目标，打算/ 集中 127.link…to/ lead to连接/导致，通向 128. inadequate (diet)/ deficiency (in trace minerals) 不充分，不适当的/ 缺乏，不足129.basic/ fundamental 基础的，基本的 130.seize/ catch 捕捉，抓住 131.fatal/ lethal 致命的 132.success on/ running on 成功 133.costly/ be related by 有关系的 134.be obtained in/ be derived in 获得，流行，通用/ 由…产生，起源于 135.high-income/ wealthy 高收入的/富裕的 136.be alike/ be similar to 相同的，相似的 137.indicate/ show 显示，指出，象征 138. eliminate/ lessen ><消除/ 减少 139. not risen significantly/ stagnate 停滞不前的 140.salary/ wage 工资：总称/ 蓝领的 141.create/ gain 创造，造成/ 获得，增加 efficiently/ increased productivity 有效率的/ 上升的生产率 142.economy/ financial 经济 143.administration/ management 144.(be) sympathetic/ understand 同情的，赞同/ 理解 145.introduce/ involve 引入/ 卷入 146.change/ different 147.die>< exist 死亡><存在 148.almost/ approximately 149.be out of date/ be developed 150.solve/ reduce 减少 151.famous/ eminent 152.barrier/ hurdle 153.higher position/ top post 154.Advantage: virtue,merit,benefit, positive aspect, strength, 好处,优点,长处 155.Disadvantage: weakness, failing, weakness,defect,drawback, negative aspect, fault不利,缺点,缺陷 156.Casual: arbitrary, unplanned, unexpected, 随意的 157.Effective: efficient, effectual, fruitful, productive, valid多效的 158.Criticize: reproach, blame, 批评 159.Flaw: weakness, defect 缺点 160.Ability; capability, power, caliber能力 161.Dishonest: deceptive 不诚实的 162.Fair: equitable, equal, impartial, 公平的 163.Success: achievement, feat 成功 164.Reason: factor, contributor, origin, 原因 165.Result: outcome, consequence, implication结果 166.Result from: arise from, originate from, be due to, thanks to, 由于，因为 167.Give rise to: contribute to, lead to, result in, cause, breed, create, incur导致 168.Disaster: catastrophe 灾难 169.Pollute: contaminate 污染 170.Poisonous: toxic 有毒的 171.Decrease; fall, drop, plunge, decline, step back, downward, minimize, abate下降 172.Increase: rise, go up, surge, grow, 上升 173.Growing: increasing, rising, 上升的 名词： 1. the destruction of rainforests （原文）--the loss of the rainforests 2. rainforest conservation( 原文)—the rainforests to be protected 3. the geographical location—where the rainforests were 4. courtship ritual—mating 5. feeding—eating 6. young people—teens 7. high standing—high opinion 8. take courses—retrain 9. domestic building—dwellings 10. economic progress—economic growth 形容词： 1．Rudimentary—underdeveloped 2．Well-developed—best developed 3. Surprised—taken aback 4. be loath to/be conservative about —be reluctant to 4. chronic—long-term 5. Awareness—conscious 6. basic--fundamental 动词： 1．Resemble—make similar choices 2. choose entrepreneurship—set up their own business 3.make unbiased statements—comment objectively on 4.deal only with—focus on 5.be derived from—be gained from 6.break records—set new records https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1a13903515.html,prehend—explain 8.be broken down—be subdivided 9.predict—estimate 10.the elderly—elderly people 副词：With tremendous force—violently AB 相关替换 1．media coverage—Newspaper and television 2． A curve inside the circle—a symbol 3．Government policy—government initiative 4． A growing interest in cultural identity—increasing appreciation 5．Bilingualism—more than one language 6．Facial expression—body language 7．Nutriment—diet 8．Pots, tools and weapons—objects 关系替换： 1．People can learn…-- it can teach people… 2． A depends on B—B affect A AB相似替换: 同义词 Time limit—deadline Confer sth. On—bring sth. To Be associated with—establishment/be linked to Built-in—biological Expect—predict Help—have a positive effect on Advantageous trait—positive survival mechanism Get worse—take a pessimistic view Slow down—restrict Provide what … wants—meet …’s expectation Urgent—most pressing When heated—under heat The first—in origin Extract—remove Dub—consider Be punctured by—release of nervous energy ―ah ,ah‖ noise—particular noise demanding—more difficult outlook—subjective view how…works—the operation of revolution--development AB关系替换： Sth. Prevail upon King George III to – be granted sth. By the king Advantage: benefit, positive aspect, strength, 好处 Disadvantage: weakness, drawback, negative aspect, fault不利 Casual: arbitrary, unplanned, unexpected, 随意的 Effective: efficient, effectual, fruitful, productive, valid多效的 Criticize: reproach, blame, 批评 Flaw: weakness, defect 缺点 Ability; capability, power, caliber能力 Dishonest: deceptive 不诚实的 Fair: equitable, equal, impartial, 公平的 Success: achievement, feat 成功 Reason: factor, contributor, origin, 原因 Result: outcome, consequence, implication结果 Result from: arise from, originate from, be due to, thanks to, 由于，因为 Give rise to: contribute to, lead to, result in, cause, breed, create, incur导致Disaster: catastrophe 灾难 Pollute: contaminate 污染 Poisonous: toxic 有毒的 Decrease; fall, drop, plunge, decline, step back, downward, minimize, abate下降Increase: rise, go up, surge, grow, 上升 Growing: increasing, rising, 上升的 Abide by=comply with遵守 Accelerate=speed up加速 Achieve=obtain得到、获得 Adapt to=integrate into使适应、融为一体 Aim.n=objective 目的 Aim at=focus on=concentrate on=emphasize on 集中、强调 An array of=a list of =a set of=a series of 一系列 Attempt to do=try to do尝试作，想要作 Approximately=roughly=about=some=around 大约 Appreciation=interest 欣赏 As a result=consequently=as a consequence 因此、从而 As well as=and和 Associate with=connect with=link with=relate to=involve in与……相关联 Attach to=connect to=link to=serve与……相连接、附着在……上At will=at random＝by chance=by accident=accidentally随意地Automatically ensure=guarantee保证 B Be free of=with out=no 没有 Be similar to=closely resembled 相似 Be used to=be devoted to专门用于 Be equivalent to=be equal to 等同于 Be taken aback=be surprised 吃惊 Briskly =rapidly=swiftly快速地 C Calculate=measure 衡量 Catch up with=keep pace with跟上步伐 Chronic=long term 慢性病的 Complain=illness 病症 Concern n. =focus关心的问题 Concern v. =about 与……有关 Concur with sb=agree with sb 同意某人 Concept =conception=notion=idea=understanding概念、理解Confront=encounter=in the face of面临 Conservation = protection 保护 Conserve=protect保护 Consist of=comprise of 由什么组成 Contaminate=pollute=poison 污染 Contend=assert断言 Contribute to=result in=lead to=link to=responsible for导致Cooperate with=work with 与……协作 Convert to=turn to 转为、转变为 Crop up=crop out=come up 出现 D Degenerated=underdeveloped=degraded退化 Development=invention 发展 Distract from= can not concentrate 使精力分散 Deadly=fateful 致命的 Diminish=decrease=shrink 减少 Distort reality=far from reality=dishonest不真实的 Distinction=difference=nuance 不同之处 Due to = because of = without a view to 由于 E Endanger=threaten 威胁 Ensure = make sure 确保 Establish=set up建立 Evolvement=development=progress发展、发育 Embark upon=start开始 Enlighten=illuminate=instruc=educate启蒙、给予知识 F Fail to do=can not do没有能够做 Far from=not at all根本不 Fault=flaw=defect错误，缺损 Form=shape 形成 Foundation=basis基础 Finance=sponsor 提供赞助（金钱） Free=release释放 Frequently=often 经常 G Great milestone=impact=effect=influence对……具有很重要的影响力 Guarantee to do sth =promise to do sth 保证做某事 H Hold=harbor拥有 Halt=stop 阻止、使停滞 Hurdle=barrier 阻碍 I Identical=the same一模一样 In addition to=besides 除了 Indicate=show表明 In reaction to=respond to 对……起反应 In the event of= in case of 万一 Interpret=illustrate解释 Introduce to=import to引入 K Key a.=important=significant=crucial=essential重要的，关键的 Key n.=approach=means=method=technique方法 L Likelihood=possibility可能性 Link-up=connection 联系 M Match sth to=assign sth to把……和……搭配起来 Misconception=misunderstanding=mistaken view错误的理解 Modify=change修改、改变 Manifestation=demonstration 显示、表明 Measure=access=rate评估 N Nature=character本质、特点 Non-toxic= less poisonous=safe 无毒的、安全的 Novel a.=fresh=new=up to date 新潮的、创新的 O Owing to=thanks to =contribute to多亏……，有赖于…… Overestimate = overate 过高估计 P play a vital role in = have an important part or role in起重要的作用，扮演重要的角色Pore over=study 研究 Preserve=store 储存 Resemble=like 像 Prevailing=popular 盛行的 Present day=modern society 现代社会、现在时代 Prior to = before 先于 Prodigious effort=enormous effort重大的努力 Produce=trigger=generate=spawn=bring about=result=breed激发、产生 Provide=offer 提供 Protect A from B =shelter A from B 使A不受B的侵害 Q Quest=desire 渴望 Questionnaire=survey 问卷调查 R Range from … to…= be from … to …从……到…… Readily=easily=accessible 容易地 Relate to=understand=appreciate理解 Rely on=depend on 依靠…… Residue=remains=relics=relicts剩余物、废墟 S Seek for = search for =hunt for寻求，寻找 Striking=noticeable值得注意地 Substantial=considerable 想当可观的 Success=achievement=great outcome=great progress=huge development成功、成就 Surprising=unexpectedly uncommon令人吃惊的 T Take to=be used to=get used to 对……习惯 Tuition=formal teaching正式的学校教育 Turn to=consult 寻求帮助、求助于 Toxic=poisonous 有毒的 U Unbiased=without prejudice 无立场、不带任何偏见的 Up to=depend on/upon 由……决定 V Virtue=advantage=asset 优点 W Work out=figure out=reckon 计算出、作出 1. important 重要的=crucial (extremely GetWord("extremely"); important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important) https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1a13903515.html,mon 普通的=universal, ubiquitous GetWord("ubiquitous"); (if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants) 4.stick 粘=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly) 5.neglect 忽略=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.) 6.near 临近的=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin GetWord("adjoin"); (the same as adjacent) 7.pursue 寻求=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL) 8.accurate 准确的=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail) 9.vague 模糊的=obscure GetWord("obscure"); (unknown or known by only a few people) 10.top 顶=peak, summit https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1a13903515.html,petitor 竞争对手=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics) 12.blame 指责=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable) 13.opinon 意见=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way) 14.fame 名声=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation 15.build 直立/竖立=erect GetWord("erect"); (you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish 16.insult 侮辱=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid) https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1a13903515.html,plain 抱怨=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way) 18.primary 根本的=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental 19.relieve 缓解=alleviate GetWord("alleviate"); (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe) 20.force 强迫=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel ☆artificial synthetic, fabricated, contrived, fake, mock, bogus, counterfeit, pseudo ☆conventional traditional, historical, past; accepted, common, regular, routine, mainstream, ordinary ☆demand request, claim, need, order, require, call for ☆decline decrease, degeneration, drop, fall, recession, depression, reduction, slump, worsening ☆develop evolve, advance, grow, improve, progress, flourish ☆difficulty handicap, hardship, adversity, challenge, complication, dilemma, perplexity, plight, trouble ☆early first, old, ancient, primitive, previous, former, remote ☆find discover, come across, encounter, hit on, expose, notice, note, observe, recognize, spot, uncover ☆future what's next, prospect, approaching, expected, destined, forthcoming ☆how describe, operate, explain, clarify, demonstrate, eludicate, expound, illustrate, interpret, account for ☆inevitable unavoidable, certain, destined, fated, inescapable, sure ☆militant armed, belligerent, army, weapon, warlike ☆objection commercial challenge, complaint, disapproval, opposition, protest, query, question, remonstration ☆obstacle bar, barricade, barrier, block, blockage, check, obstruction, problem, snag, hurdle ☆prevalent common, usual, prevailing, widespread, systematic, collective, general, popular ☆reduce curtail, cut, decrease, halve, impair, lessen, moderate, trim, slash ☆role function (provide, support, weaken, smooth, solve), job, position, duty, post, task, contribution ☆recent modern, current, now, nowadays, today, contemporaneous, new, novel, present, up-to-date ☆simulate virtual, create, reproduce, pretend, imitate ☆significance importance, milestone, impact, justification, gist, implication, point, purport, vital business, economic, financial, mercantile, profitable, pecuniary ☆worldwide international, cosmopolitan, global, universal, ubiquitous, widespread, around the world 解决：solve, resolve, deal with, cope with, handle, tackle 消除：get rid of, eradicate, eliminate 依赖：rely on, depend on, count on 十分：very much, immensely, hugely, largely, greatly, enormously, tremendously 损害：damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair 给予：give, offer, render, impart, provide 发展：develop, cultivate, foster 优势：advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength 缺陷：disadvantage, detect, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness 剑5 第一套 Passage 1第二段 compile v.编辑，编纂 write ? compile ? compose concentrate v.集中，关注 pay attention ? concentrate ? concentration ? keep your mind on ? keep your eyes on ? take notice/note ? attentive ? attention span convey v.传达，传递 express ? convey ? communicate ? say ? get something over ? put something into words/find the words to say 第三段 define v.定义…… meaning ? sense ? significance ? definition ? connotation ? define circumscribe v.限制，约束 To limit power, rights, or abilities [= restrict]: conquer v.征服 defeat ? overwhelm ? annihilate ? rout ? bring somebody to their knees ? conquer hold back ? stifle ? suppress ? overcome/conquer 第五段 station v.驻扎，静坐 send ? pack off ? dispatch/despatch ? send in ? send out ? be posted ? be stationed 第六段 file v.把文件或资料归档 keep ? store ? keep something on file ? file ? keep a record/keep records rival v.对抗，与……抗衡 competitor ? rival ? the competition 第八段 ascertain v.确定 check ? check out ? make sure/make certain ? double-check ? verify ? confirm ? ascertain Passage 2 第一段 obey v.遵守，遵从 obey ? comply with ? abide by ? keep to ? stick to the rules ? conform to ? observe ? respect ? toe the line ? go by the book/do something by the book 第二段 administer v.控制，施加 To manage the work or money of a company or organization simulate v.模拟 To make or produce something that is not real but has the appearance or feeling of being real emit v.释放出，发出……的声音 send out ? give out ? give off ? emit ? radiate ? cast/throw make a sound/make a noise ? go ? with ? go off ? emit ? let out writhe v.因剧痛而蠕动，扭动身体 fidget ? can"t keep still ? squirm ? wriggle ? writhe ? twitch denounce v.谴责，指责 voice/express/show etc your disapproval ? condemn ? denounce ? deplore 第三段 unfold v.展开 open ? unwrap ? unfold ? unroll pose v.带来，提出 ask balk v.畏缩不前，犹豫 To not want to do or try something, because it seems difficult, unpleasant, or frightening question v.质疑 question ? interrogate ? cross-examine ? carry out door-to-door inquiries ? be helping police with their inquiries 第四段 anticipate v.预测 expect ? think ? anticipate 第五段 fluster v.使不安，使紧张，使困惑 To make someone nervous and confused by making them hurry or interrupting them: 第六段 discharge v.放电，释放 If a piece of electrical equipment discharges, or if it is discharged, it sends out electricity evolve v.演变，进化 develop ? evolve 第七段 evoke v.引发，引起 remind somebody of ? make somebody think of ? bring/call to mind ? be a reminder ? bring back memories/take somebody back ? evoke ? evocative ? come flooding back 第八段 merge v.合并，混合 combine ? be a mixture of something and something ? bring together ? blend ? mingle ? merge unite ? team up ? get together ? combine ? join forces ? come together ? amalgamate ? merge surrender v.投降，放弃 admit/accept defeat ? give in ? surrender ? concede 第九段 forgo v.放弃 do without/go without ? deny yourself ? abstain ? forgo dictate v.听写，控制，指挥 tell ? order ? ask somebody to do something ? demand ? insist ? dictate elucidate v.阐明，说明，解释 To explain something that is difficult to understand by providing more information Passage 3 第二段 starve v.使……挨饿 starving ? starve ? hungry ? not get enough to eat ? half-starved ? underfed ? malnourished exaggerate v.夸大,夸张 exaggerate ? blow something (up) out of all proportion ? make too much of ? overrated ? overemphasize ? overstate ? be melodramatic ? lay it on associate v.与……相连 link ? associate ? make a connection ? establish a link be connected/be related ? be linked ? associated ? have/be something to do with ? be bound up with something/go hand in hand cure v.治愈 cure ? remedy ? antidote restrict v.限制，约束 limit ? restrict ? set/impose/put a limit ? keep to/keep within ? confine ? fix accelerate v.加速，加快 go faster ? speed up ? pick up/gather speed ? accelerate ? quicken your pace ? gain/gather momentum 第三段 nurture v.培育，形成 nurture ? foster decline v.下降 go down/come down ? fall/drop ? decrease ? decline ? reduction ? cut ? plummet/plunge ? taper off ? dwindle ? slide ? take a nosedive 第五段 overstate v.夸大 exaggerate ? blow something (up) out of all proportion ? make too much of ? overrated ? overemphasize ? overstate ? be melodramatic ? lay it on 第六段 apply v.适用，应用 apply ? claim ? request ? approach ? put in for ? applicant ? claimant oppose v.反对 be against/be opposed to ? oppose ? not agree with something ? not believe in something ? anti- ? hostile ? antagonistic 第七段 melt v.融化 melt ? dissolve ? thaw ? melt down ? molten ? condense ? soluble diminish v.消失，减少 To become or make something become smaller or less [= reduce]: 第十段 experience v.经历 happen to ? experience ? go through ? live through ? know postpone v.推延，延迟 postpone ? put off ? delay ? be pushed/moved/put back ? put something on ice/put something on the back burner ? procrastinate 第十一段 buy v.买，争取（时间） buy ? get ? purchase ? snap up ? pick up ? splash out on ? acquire avoid v.避免 avoid ? stay away/keep away ? steer clear of ? make a detour 剑5 第二套 Passage 1第一段 patent v.申请专利 To obtain a special document giving you the right to make or sell a new invention or product 第二段 mould v.铸造，塑造 form ? mould ? shape engineer v.设计，加工 orchestrate ? stage-manage ? engineer ? contrive revert v.返回 start again ? go back to/revert to ? slip back into 第四段 abandon v.放弃，抛弃 give up ? quit ? abandon ? drop ? leave it at that amass v.累计，积累 accumulate ? amass ? gain manufacture v.制造 make ? produce ? manufacture ? mass-produce ? churn out/turn out ? create ? fashion ? build ? construct ? assemble 第五段 outline v.列举outline ? sketch out 第六段 govern v.受……限制 govern ? run ? rule ? be in power ? be in government ? hold office extract v.抽取，提取 find out ? get something out of ? get information ? extract ? worm something out of ? drag something out of taper v.逐渐变细，变尖 get/grow thinner get narrower ? taper 第七段 relish v.欣赏，品味 revel in ? get a kick out of ? relish ? gloat ? wallow in ? take pleasure in ? delight in despise v.鄙视，轻视 hate ? hate somebody"s guts ? can"t stand ? detest ? loathe ? despise ? abhor Passage 2 第一段 tempt v.引发 attract ? tempt ? seduce dub v. 称作 call ? christen ? dub 第二段 rely v.依靠，依赖 To trust or depend on someone or something to do what you need or expect them to do [ reliable, reliance]: puncture v. 戳破，化解 make a hole in ? pierce ? puncture ? punch ? drill a hole trigger v. 引发，触发 set off ? trigger/spark ? precipitate amuse v. 使愉快，开心 make somebody laugh ? crack somebody up ? raise a laugh ? have somebody in hysterics/stitches ? amuse 第七段 track v. 追踪 follow ? tail ? be/sit on somebody"s tail ? shadow ? track/trail ? hound ? stalk ? stalker accompany v. 伴随 with ? together ? along with ? come with ? accompanying 第八段 tuck v. 隐藏，蜷缩 put ? slide ? tuck ? insert 第十段 milk v. 挤奶，猎取 To take milk from a cow or goat 第十一段 distort v. 扭曲，歪曲 twist ? misrepresent ? distort ? falsify ? put words into somebody"s mouth ? cook the books ? rewrite history Passage 3 第一段 dominate v.统治，在……中拥有重要的位置 dominate ? monopolize ? monopoly ? stranglehold ? have total/complete control ? hold sway 第二段 renew v.重新开始，使复活，使更新 continue ? start again ? go on ? go back to/return to ? resume ? take something up again ? pick up/take up where you left off ? reopen ? renew 第三段 adopt v.接受，采纳 adopt ? foster ? guardian ? in care publicize v.出版 advertise ? promote ? publicize ? market ? hype/hype up ? plug ? sell ? push ? announce ? report promote v.促进，加强 help ? encourage ? promote ? aid ? benefit ? advance/further ? be conducive to ? give something a boost ? be favourable for/to 第六段 exploit v.探索 use ? exploit ? make use of ? take advantage of ? play on ? capitalize on deposit v.储存，堆积，放置，存放 put ? place ? leave ? abandon ? position ? plant a bomb/explosives etc ? plant ? lay ? set down ? deposit seal v.盖戳 block up ? plug/plug up ? seal restrict v.限制 limit ? restrict ? set/impose/put a limit ? keep to/keep within ? confine ? fix 第七段 delay v.拖延，延迟 delay ? hold-up/holdup ? bottleneck engage v.参与，参加 To be doing or to become involved in an activity foster v.促进，加强 promote 第九段 inaugurate v.创立 To open a building or start an organization, event etc for the first time: 第十段 estimate v.估计 guess ? estimate ? guesswork ? speculation ? speculative ? conjecture oppose v.反对，抵制 be against/be opposed to ? oppose ? not agree with something ? not believe in something ? anti- ? hostile ? antagonistic institute v.建立 To introduce or start a system, rule, legal process etc 剑5 第三套 Passage 1 A段 argue v.争辩，坚决主张，认为 argue ? quarrel ? fight ? have a fight ? fall out with ? be at each other"s throats ? clash B段 claim v.宣称，表示 claim ? maintain ? assert ? confirm ? testify ? swear ? certify ? insist ? protest ? deny expand v.扩充，扩展 get bigger ? grow ? expand ? swell up ? stretch C段 acknowledge v.认可，承认 accept ? recognize ? acknowledge observe v.注意到，观察到 notice ? can see/can tell ? I see ? spot ? become aware/conscious ? catch somebody"s eye ? detect ? note ? observe ? perceive launch v.发起，进行 start ? begin ? get down to ? start on ? set about/set to work ? proceed to do something ? settle down to ? launch into ? embark on/upon ? come to/grow to/get to ? get cracking involve v.包括，涵盖，使……参与进来 involve ? drag somebody into ? bring in D段 bypass v.绕过…… To go around a town or other busy place rather than through it: foster v.促进 promote E段 evaluate v.评估，评价 judge ? assess ? evaluate ? critique solve v.解决 solve ? work out/figure out F段 perpetuate v.延续，保持 continue/carry on ? maintain ? perpetuate ? keep up ? preserve outline v.罗列，列举 summary ? outline ? overview ? rundown ? precis ? synopsis indicate v.表明，暗示 point ? indicate ? gesture at/towards ? point out Passage 2 A段 erode v.腐蚀，侵蚀 wear away ? erode ? corrode ? rust/rust away scour v.用力擦洗，冲刷 brush ? scrub ? sweep ? scour B段 deposit v.沉积，堆积 put in ? deposit accumulate v.累计，聚集 accumulate ? build up ? pile up ? mount up ? collect ? gather C段 indicate v.表明，暗示 point ? indicate ? gesture at/towards ? point out replenish v.补充，添加 refill ? replenish ? top up D段 divert v.转移，使转向 not draw attention ? draw attention away from ? divert/distract attention ? put somebody off ? keep a low profile E段 rest v.休息，存留在 rest ? take a rest ? relax ? take a break ? lie down ? put your feet up ? laze ? take it easy ? chill/chill out concur v.同意，赞同 agree ? be in agreement ? be of the same opinion ? share the view that ? subscribe to ? concur affect v.影响 have an effect ? have an impact ? affect ? take effect ? make a difference ? impact stimulate v.刺激，激发 To encourage or help an activity to begin or develop further upset v.使……不安 upset ? hurt ? hurt somebody"s feelings ? distress F段 devise v.设计，制定出 invent ? create ? come up with/think up ? devise ? make up ? conceive ? dream up ? coin Passage 3 引子 perform v.表演，执行 perform ? appear ? be in something A段 vanish v.消失，突然不见 disappear ? vanish ? become extinct ? extinction ? die out ? cease to exist ignite v.点燃，引发 set fire to something/set something on fire ? light ? torch ? ignite B段 launch v.建立，发布 start ? launch ? open ? initiate ? spark off ? set in motion ? get/start/set the ball rolling ? get things moving ? (let"s) get this show on the road coin v.创造 invent ? create ? come up with/think up ? devise ? make up ? conceive ? dream up ? coin encompass v.包含，涵盖 cover ? encompass ? embrace ? span capture v.捕捉，占领，再现 capture ? round up ? take somebody prisoner ? recapture mimic v.模仿 imitate ? do an impression/imitation ? mimic ? a take-off of somebody/something C段 peak v.达到全盛 To reach the highest point or level: rear v.培养，养育，培育 To look after a person or animal until they are fully grown [= raise]: imply v.暗示 suggest ? imply ? say ? implication ? undertone solve v.解决 solve ? find/come up with a solution ? resolve ? put right ? cure ? remedy ? sort out ? sort ? iron out materialize v.变为现实 happen ? come true ? be realized ? be fulfilled ? materialize opt v.选择 decide on ? settle on ? plump for ? opt align v.与……同列，与……结盟 To publicly support a political group, country, or person that you agree with D段 Characterize v. 描绘，描述……的特征 Describe something/somebody as ? characterize somebody/something as ? label ? portray/represent ? depict ? paint a pictur joke v.开玩笑 make a joke/crack a joke ? tell a joke ? joke ? wisecrack implement v.实施 carry out ? execute ? implement ? put something into practice ? deliver the goods/come up with the goods E段 back v.支持 To support someone or something, especially by giving them money or using your influence reckon v.认为 think ? believe ? feel ? figure ? reckon ? consider ? regard/see ? think of somebody/something as/look on somebody/something as ? take the view that/be of the opinion that ? be recognized/acknowledged as spot v.发现 notice ? can see/can tell ? I see ? spot ? become aware/conscious ? catch somebody"s eye ? detect ? note ? observe ? perceive camouflage v.伪装 disguise ? camouflage extract v.提取，抽取 find out ? get something out of ? get information ? extract ? worm something out of ? drag something out of F段 boost v.促进，加强 help ? encourage ? promote ? aid ? benefit ? advance/further ? be conducive to ? give something a boost ? be favourable for/t differentiate v.区别开 can tell the difference ? can tell somebody/something apart ? distinguish ? differentiate ? draw/make a distinction ? discriminate exacerbate v.恶化 make things worse/make it worse ? to make matters/things worse ? aggravate ? exacerbate ? compound ? to add insult to injury filter v.过滤 To remove unwanted substances from water, air etc by passing it through a special substance or piece of equipment: categorize v.将……分类 sort ? categorize ? classify ? be grouped ? class ? grade emerge v.开始出现 appear ? become visible ? come into view/come into sight ? come out ? emerge ? loom/loom up ? reappear G段 Lip- read v. 观察人的嘴唇动作来理解话意 To understand what someone is saying by watching the way their lips move, because you cannot hear them encapsulate v.涵盖，概括 To express or show something in a short way [= sum up] transcribe v.记录，用音标记下……的语音 copy ? copy out ? copy down ? transcribe 剑5 第四套 Passage 1 A段 promote v. 促进, 发扬，提拔 help ? encourage ? promote ? aid ? benefit ? advance/further ? be conducive to ? give something a boost ? be favourable for/to boom v. 发出）轰轰声 boom/boom out ? roar ? thunder ? blare/blare out ? blast/blast out isolate v. 隔离, 孤立, 绝缘 separate ? keep somebody apart ? isolate ? cut somebody off from ? segregate ? segregation ? apartheid ? in quarantine prevail v. 流行, 盛行, 获胜 win ? come out on top ? prevail ? carry the day ? win the day B段 undermine v. 破坏 spoil ? ruin ? mess up ? undermine ? screw up ? sabotage ? throw a spanner in the works ? pour cold water on associate v. 联系, 交往 link ? associate ? make a connection ? establish a link be connected/be related ? be linked ? associated ? have/be something to do with ? be bound up with something/go hand in hand fuel v. 加燃料 increase ? strengthen ? heighten ? add to ? raise ? fuel C段 ensure v. 保证，确保