2018年八年级上册人教版英语教材知识点讲练
2018年八年级上册英语教材知识点讲练
Unit 1
Section A Page 1
短语
1. 去度假go on vacation
2. 去山区go to the mountains
3. 呆在家里stay at home
4. 去夏令营go to summer camp
5. 去海滩go to the beach.
语法：
1.一般现在时态和一般过去时态
He _______ (read) English every day. But he _________ (watch) TV yesterday.
如果要表达“现在某人的行为习惯，即某人经常做某事”，要用一般现在时态。如果主语是单数第三人称，动词要用单三形式（一般情况加s）。如果要表达某人过去做过某事，要用一般过去时态，动词要用它的过去式。动词的过去式变化规则有：
①一般情况在动词末尾加______ 如：visit ---________; look ---________；stay---- _______
②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词后加_____, 如：decide---_________; taste----_______
③在重读音节中，只有____ 个元音字母，并且后紧跟____ 个辅音字母结尾，应该_______ 这个辅音字母再加________. 如：stop---- _________; plan---- __________.
④以辅音字母+y结尾, 应改___ 为___, 再加____. 如：study---- __ ___; cry--- ______.
⑤有的动词不按上面的4种规律变化，是没有规律的，我们称为不规则动词，只有死记。好在他们不多。收录在课本142面。如：am/ is --- _____; are---______; come---_______; get----_______; do----______; go---- _______; have/ has ----_______; make---_______;
助动词的用法
①______ he ______ (read) English every day ? ---No，he _______ (not read)English every day.
② _______ he ________ (watch)TV last night ?--- No, he ________(not watch) TV last night.
我们发现对动词提问或否定，应该用助动词do/does（用于一般现在时态）和did（用于一般过去时态）. 并且助动词后接动词原形。
Section A Page 2
1.短语
study for a test 复习备考，go out with sb. 和某人一起外出，be on vacation 在度假，
go on vacation 去度假, somewhere interesting 有趣的地方，something special 特别的事
2.句子
①Long time no see. 好久不见
②I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax 我只是大多数时间呆在家里读书和休闲（to 在此表目的，为了。）
3.不定代词
不定代词由some，no, any, every 与body（人），one（人），thing (事物)，where（地方）构成，如somebody（某人），nobody（没人），anybody（任何人），everybody（每个人）someone（某人），no one（没有一个人），anyone（任何人），everyone（每个人）something（某事物），nothing （没什么事物），anything (任何事物)，everything（一切）somewhere（某地），nowhere（无处），anywhere (任何地方)，everywhere（到处）
①不定代词作主语时，视为单数第三人称，谓语动词用单三形式。如：
Everybody ________ English. (like)
②some构成的不定代词常用于肯定句中，any构成的不定代词多用于否定句和疑问句中，如：I went somewhere interesting. (改为一般疑问句) _______ you go _________ interesting ？但表请求建议并希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句还是用some及some构成的不定代词。如：
Would you like __________ to eat ? ---- Could you give me _______ to drink？
③形容词修饰不定代词时，常放不定代词后，与我们汉语习惯相反。如：
something new 新的东西；________________ 有趣的地方, _______________ 特别的东西
4. a few , few; a little, little 的区别：
a few 和few 后都接复数可数名词，a little 和little 后都接不可数名词。a few和a little意为“有一些”，表肯定；few和little意为“几乎没有”，表否定。
题：①She has friends, but he has good friends.
②We must go shopping, there is _______ meat in the fridge.
【注意】quite a few 不是表示很少，而是表示很多，后接可数名词复数，相当于quite a lot of 5.most 和most of的用法：
most 可以作形容词，表大多数的，可以直接修饰名词。但most of 表“…中的大多数”，不能直接接名词，需接一个限定词再接名词。即：①most +不可数名词/可数名词复数。②most of +the/ my/his等+不可数名词/可数名词复数。③most of +人称代词，如：most of us。它们作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于most后的名词单复数
题：①_________ students ______ （like）English.
②___________ his money _______ ( be ) lost.
Section A Page 3
1.反身代词
反身代词表“某人自己”，教学中用oneself表示。你能写出下列代词对应的反身代词吗?
①I (我)_______ ②you (你)____________
③he (他)__________ ④she (她)____________ ⑤it (它)____________
⑥we (我们)__________ ⑦you (你们)__________ ⑧they (他们)___________
我发现的规律有：表单数的反身代词以________ 结尾；表复数的反身代词以______结尾。常考的反身代词短语有：enjoy oneself 过得愉快；help oneself to sth. 请随便吃喝某东西teach oneself sth. 自学某事物
题: Jack, help ________ to the cake. ---- Thank you !
Children, did you enjoy ____________ at the party ?
He teaches _________ English at home.
2. buy sth. for sb. = buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物(buy ---bought )
I bought a book for her. = I bought her a book.
3. 问他人对某事物的看法时，常用这样的句型：How is/ was/ were… ? = What is …like ?
The people were friendly there. (对划线部分提问) _______________________________ 4. have a good time玩得开心，过得愉快= have fun = enjoy oneself
have fun doing sth. 在做某事中过的很愉快I have fun English. (learn)
5. 系动词
taste 表“尝起来”，是一个系动词，常见的系动词有：be是；keep/stay保持；turn/get/become 变；look看起来, smell闻起来, sound听起来, taste尝起来, feel觉得。他们后常接形容词作表语，用来描述主语的性质、状态等。
题：①It’s important to keep . (A．health B. healthy C. healthily )
②What song is he singing ? It beautiful.
A. tastes
B. looks
C. smells
D. sounds
6. seem表“似乎，好像”，构成的句型有：Sb. seem to do sth. = It seems that sb. do sth. 某人似乎要去做某事。She seems to like you. = It seems that she likes you.
7. feed sth. to sb.= feed sb on sth. 用某物喂某人（feed—fed 喂）,如：feed tigers on meat.
8. There was nothing much to do but read. 除了读书再也无事可做。
but还可以表“除了”，常与nothing、nobody等表否定的不定代词连用，如：
There is nobody but Jim in the room. 在房间里除了Jim再也没有别人了。
9. on one’s vacation 在某人度假期间；go shopping 去购物；keep a diary 坚持写日记
【拓展】go + 动词ing，表“去做某事”。如：go swimming；go fishing; go camping Section B Page 4
bored表“感到厌倦的”；boring表“令人感到厌倦的”。
题：The class was __________, most of us got _____________.
我发现以______ 结尾的词用来描述人，而以_______ 结尾的词用来描述________. 类似词有：①The game is _________，We all feel _________. ( excite )
②I am _________ in the book. It is the most _________ book I have ever read. (interest) Section B Page 5
1. 表到达的词和短语有: ①arrive at + (小地名)；arrive in +（大地名）② get to ③ reach 【只有reach是及物动词可以直接接地名。如果是副词home, there, here 等，都不要介词。】题：① When did you Beijing？（A. arrive B. get C. reach D. got to ）
② I home yesterday. (A. arrived at B. got to C. reached D. reached at )
2. decide to do sth. 决定去做某事。
We decided ________to the beach near our hotel. ( go )
【拓展】decide on 选定In the end, he decided on the yellow sweater.
3. try doing sth. 尝试做某事；try to do sth. 尽力去做某事。
Do you want to ________ swimming? -----No, it’s too hard for me.
If you _________ to learn it, you’ll find it’s very easy.
5. feel like 除了表“感到好像”之外，还可以表“想要”，feel like doing sth（想要做某事）
I felt like I was a bird. And I felt like ________ (fly) in the sky.
6. wonder 表“想知道”，相当于want to know . 如：I wonder what life was like here in the past.
7. in the past 在过去，常用于一般过去时态。They__________ a hard life in the past. ( live )
8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事; walk around 在…四处走走
I really enjoyed ________ around the town.( walk )
9. difference表“差别，不同点”，是可数名词。短语有the differences between A and B (A和B
之间的不同点)。而different表“不同的”是形容词, 短语有：be different from 与…不同；
make a difference有影响。
①My bike is _________ from yours. Can you tell me the _________ between them ?
②The rain didn’t make a difference to the game. (这场雨对比赛没有影响)
10. walk up to 向上走到We wanted to walk up to the top.
11. start to do sth/ doing sth. 开始做某事（start=begin）
It started ___________ a little. (rain )
12. over 可以表“超过，多于”，相当于more than . 如：We waited over an hour for the train.
13. wait表等待，是不及物动词，要与for 连用才能接宾语。即：wait for sb. / sth.
I will wait _______ you at school.
【拓展】can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事I can’t wait _________ ( see ) you.
14. at the top of the mountain 在山顶；at the foot of the mountain 在山脚
15. (1) too much 表“太多”修饰不可数名词，还可以修饰动词。如：too much money
(2) too many 表“太多”修饰可数名词复数，如：too many students
(3) much too表“非常地”修饰形容词或副词,如：much too expensive
题：① You shouldn’t eat apples.
② Don’t eat , or you’ll be fat.
16. hard 除了表“困难的，努力地”，还可以修饰雨或雪下的大，相当于heavily.
I had a hard day, because it was raining hard.
17. ______ umbrella 一把雨伞。当字母u发/ ∧/时,是元音，前用an。当字母u 发字母音/ju/
时，是辅音，前用a。题; ①_______ useful book. ②________ uniform
18. because 和because of 的区别:
它们都表“因为，由于”，但because 后接从句，而because of 后接名词或短语。
题：① Jim didn’t come to school he was badly ill.
② Jim was badly ill the bad weather.
19. enough 表“足够的/地”。修饰形容词或副词时，常放形容词或副词后面，也与我们汉语
习惯相反。修饰名词时既可以放名词前，也可以放名词后。
翻译：足够地大________________；足够的钱________________
Section B Page 6
1. stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事情；stop to do sth.停下来去做另件事
比较：stop talking （停止讲话）；stop to talk （开始讲话）：
题: ①You have worked for a long time. You should stop (have) a rest.
② You should stop （smoke）. It’s bad for your health.
2. forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(事情已经发生)；forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事（事情还没
发生）。forget 的用法同remember（记得），如：
题：① Don’t forget me when he comes back. (tell)
② I will never forget _________ a talk with you. (have)
3. another放数字前，表“又几个”，more和other放数字后，表“多几个”和“其它几个”。如：I want to ask ________ two students.
4. along the way 沿路We saw many flowers along the way.
Section B Page 8
1. bring back sth. from sb. 从某人哪里带回某物I didn’t bring anything from Malaysia.
2. on our school trip 在我们的学校旅行中We did something special on our school trip.
3. look at 盯着Don’t look at me. Please look at the blackboard.
4. dislike 表“不喜欢”，相当于__________. I dislike English. = I ______ _______ English.
5. find out 表“查明，找出”（需要努力、调查后）；find 表“找到”，“发现”的意思，短语：find sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事。The teacher found him ______ (sleep) in class.
①I looked for the key, but I couldn’t __________ it.
②Someone looked at the map and ___________ we weren’t anywhere near the top.
6. So+形容词/副词that+从句（如此…以致…）常和too+形容词/副词to+动词原形（太…而
不能）互换。有时也可与not + 形容词/副词+ enough to do sth (不足够…去做某事). 替换。
题：He is young he can’t go to school.= He is young go to school.
= He isn’t old enough to go to school.
7. go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事；go on to do sth. 继续去做另件事（用法同stop）
8. keep doing sth, 坚持做某事You can’t stop, you should keep _________. (try)
keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事Don’t keep me waiting. （不要让我久等）
9. jump up and down in excitement 表“兴奋地跳上跳下”，in excitement 是副词短语，用来修
饰动词。类似的短语有：in surprise 吃惊地
10. come up 升起，come out 出来The sun came up/ out.
八年级上册unit 2
Section A Page 9
1. 1. help sb. with sth. 表“在某方面帮助某人”，相当于help sb. (to) do sth. 如：
I often help my mother with housework. = I often help my mother ____ ___ some housework.
2. on weekends = on the weekend在周末，但on weekends 泛指周末，而on the weekend常特指某个周末。
3. go to the movies = go to the cinema去看电影I often go to the movies on weekends.
4. hardly 与hard 的区别
hardly表“几乎不”，用于否定句中。而hard有以下几种意思：①困难的②努力地③用来修饰雨或雪下得大
It’s raining _________. I can _______ see the way. It’s very _______ to get to school. I must study _________.
5. exercise 的用法：
当exercise指“操、练习”时，是可数名词，如：do morning exercises 做早操；do eye exercises; 做眼保健操；do English exercises 做英语练习题；但exercise指“锻炼，运动”时，是不可数名词。如：do some exercise 做运动。exercise 还可作动词，指“锻炼，运动” 如：She exercises every morning.
6. sometimes = at times有时，some times 几次；
sometime（将来的）某个时候；some time 一些时间
① I have visited Beijing _____________.
② ___________ I walk to school.
③ I will visit you ______________.
④ The work is difficult, so I need _____________.
Section A Page 10
1. 本单元围绕“某人多久做一次某事”。谈论的是一个人现在的行为习惯，所以本单元谈论
的话题主要用_______________ 时态。
2. How often 用来问“多久一次”，回答How often问句常用下列一些频率副词：
Twice a week(一周两次)；always（总是）；usually（常常）；often（经常）；sometimes （有时）；
hardly ever（几乎不）；never（从不）
题：She goes to movies once a week. (对划线部分提问)
_______ _______ _______ she go to movies？
【拓展】
How long ①问“（时间）多久”。常用“（For）+ 一段时间”来回答②问“（长度）多长”。How much ①多少（接不可数名词）②多少钱
How soon 问多快（时间），用于将来时态。常用“In +时间段”来回答。
如：How soon will you come back?你将多快回来？-----In a week.一周后
与how构成的疑问词还有有：①How many 多少（接可数名词复数形式）②How much 多少（接不可数名词）③How old 问年龄④How tall 多高（人、树）⑤How high 多高（山、楼）⑥How far 问距离
(1) is it from your home to your school？------It’s two kilometers away.
(2) is the room？------ It’s two meters long.
(3) will you stay in Beijing ? ---- For a month.
(4) will you finish the work?-----In a month.
(5) do you watch TV ? ---- Four times a week.
(6) How long do you sleep every night? = hours do you sleep every night ?
4. once a week 一周一次，twice a week 一周两次，three/ four times a week 一周3/4次
一次，两次特殊记，三次以后有规律：基数词+times 就可以
5. be free = have time 有空，有时间
Are you free next week ? = _______ you _______ ________ next week ?
6. full 表“满的，忙的”，常见短语有：be full of 装满，充满
My schoolbag is full of books.
【拓展】full还可以表“饱的”，其反义词为hungry（饥饿的）。如：
Are you hungry ? ---- No, I’m full.
7. How come ? = Why意为“为什么呢”。
8. have / take a dance lesson 上一节舞蹈课（lesson = class课）
I have dance and piano lessons.
9. What kind of 用来问种类______________ dance are you learning? -----Oh, swing dance.
10. How about = What about 表“怎么样，好不好”，可以用来提建议。about是介词，后接动词ing. How about _________ the movies next week ? ( go )
11. have to 和must
have to强调客观上“不得不”做某事；must指主观上“必须”做某事。have to有人称和数、时态的变化，而must没有人称或数的变化。对have to提问和否定用助动词, 而must不需要。例如：
（1）He has to go there．（人称数的变化）（2）He had to pay for it. (时态的变化)
（3）Must I finish my homework after school ? --- No, you ______ have to.
12.play tennis 打网球。play 与乐器连用时，乐器前要加the。球类、棋类前不加the。
题：① Play ______ violin. ② play _____ football. ③ play chess
13. want to do sth. 想去做某事，意思相近的短语有：would like to do sth 和feel like doing sth.
14. swing 名词，秋千：The girl is playing on the swing.
swing ( swung ) 动词，摆动The mother swung her baby.
15. What’s your favorite prgram ? = What program do you like best ？你最喜欢的节目是什么？Section A Page 11
1.（1）maybe意思是“也许、可能”，相当于常位于句首, 后接句子。
（2）may be中，意为“也许是、可能是”, 放句中，后接表语（形容词，名词等）可转换：Maybe you are right. == You may be right.
2. stay up late 熬夜→ stay up late to do sth . 熬夜为了做某事
I stayed up late to watch the soccer game.
3. at least 至少→ at most 最多He plays at least twice a week.
4. busy 表忙的，短语有：be busy doing sth.（正忙于做某事）
Look ! He is busy __________ his mother with housework. ( help )
5. after school 放学后，after class 下课后，in class 在课堂上
Section B page 12
1. want sb. to do sth 想要某人去做某事，类似的短语有：tell/ ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人去做某事My mother wants me ________ it. ( drink )
2. be good for 对…有好处；be good at 擅长….，be good with 善于和某人相处，善于处理