文档库 最新最全的文档下载
当前位置:文档库 › 考研英语语法总结

考研英语语法总结

考研英语语法总结
考研英语语法总结

英语语法总结

下文总结了十二个要点:

1、主谓一致

2、时态

3、语态

4、非谓语动词

5、情态动词

6、虚拟语气

7、句子种类

8、名词性从句

9、状语从句

10、定语从句

11、强调句

12、倒装句

当然以上并不是全部要点,还有一些比较基础的,比如:祈使句、省略句、名词等知识点比较简单,在平时做题中自然而然就积累下来了,不需要刻意背诵。

一、主谓一致

主谓一致的关键在于,分条记清楚,不要混淆。

1、以动词不定式短语,动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;

To study English well is not easy.(动词不定式短语作主语)

Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. (动名词短语作主语)

What he said is very important for us all. (从句作主语)

2、由连接词and或both…and连接起来的主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。但若所连接的两个词是

指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语就用单数形式。

The writer and artist has come.

由and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every 或more than a (an)/one,many a (an) 修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。either, neither, each, every 或no+单数名词和由some, any no, every构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。

Every student and every teach is in the classroom.

Many a boy and many a girl likes it.

No boy and no girl likes it.

Each of us has a new book.

Is everyone here today?

Somebody is speaking in class.

Everything around us is matter

若none of 后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数。若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。

None of the sugar was left.

None of us has (have) been to America.

3、在定语从句里,关系代词that, who, which 等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。(画

线为先行词)

Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard.

He is one of my friends who are working hard.

He is the (only) one of my friends who is working hard.

4、在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致。

It is I who am going to the cinema tonight.

It is we who are going to the cinema tonight.

5、如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数形式;如果它指的集体的成员,其谓语动词用复

数形式。

His family has moved to the south .(他的一家)

His family are watching TV.(他的家人)

6、由a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the majority of+名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数+名词构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。

There are a lot of people in the classroom.

Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.

50 percent of the students in our class are girls.

此外,还有a number of +复数名词有类似的用法(用复数),但the number of +复数名词的数就得依number 而定(用单数)。

A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples.

The number of pages in this book is three hundred.

6、在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。

There comes the bus.

Between the two hills standsa monument.

7、表数量的短语“one and a half”后面接复数名词作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。

One and a half apples is left on the table.

8、一些学科名词是以-ics结尾,如:mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works 等。都属于形式上是

复数的名词,实际意义为单数名词,它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。

I don’t think physics is easy to study.

9、“定冠词the+形容词或分词”,表示某一类人动词用复数;若表示某一类东西时,动词用单数。

The old are taken good care of there.(老人们)

The beautiful gives pleasure to all.(美好的东西)

10、there be 句型中be 动词的单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and 连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致,即就近一致。

There are two chairs and a desk in the room.

There is a desk and two chairs in the room.

11、主语后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along with, including, in addition to 等引起的短语,谓语动词要跟主语一致,即就远一致。

Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.

A woman with a baby was on the bus.

Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.

She, like you and Tom, is very tall.

The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese.

No one except my teachers knows anything about it.

二、动词的时态

动词的时态是日常口语、写作都要用到的,并不仅仅局限于考试,所以是一个英语语法的基础。对于应用

考试,时态的难点通常是过去完成时、过去进行时、将来完成时,难在时间点、时间段的判别,通常会有关键词比如ago\since等等,如果没有关键词就要结合语境判断时间的延续性和间断性。

1、一般现在时:do/does,( 系动词is/am/are )

(1)一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言,目前的特征、状态、能力等。(2)主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。

I’ll go there after I finish my work.

If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there.

(3)在以here,there开头的句子里,go,come等少数动词的一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。

There goes the bell.(铃响了。)

There comes the bus.(汽车来了。)

Here she comes.(她来了。)

2、一般过去时:did,( 系动词was/were)

表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况,或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。

3、现在进行时:is/am/are doing

(1)表示正在进行的动作。

(2)表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。

She is leaving for Beijing.(她要去北京。)

(3)代替一般现在时,描绘更加生动。

The sun is rising in the east.(太阳从东方冉冉升起。)

4、过去进行时:was/were doing

(1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间须用时间状语表示)

He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.

(2)表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行

They were still working when I left.

(3)用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生

I was writing while he was watching TV.

(4)表示过去将来动作

He said she was arriving the next day.

5、现在完成时:has/have done

(1)表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,说话时已完成的动作。

I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.

(2)表示从过去开始,待续到现在的动作或状态,往往和“for...”, “since...”表述的一段时间状语连用。

He has learned English for six years.

(3)表示“曾经到过某地(人已回来)”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了(还未回来)”用“have/has gone to”。

—Where is Li Hua?

-He has gone to the reading-room.

—She knows a lot about Shanghai.

-She has been there.

(4)短暂动词(即瞬间动词),

join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin,start,break out等,在完成时态中,其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。不能说:He has joined the army for three years.

要翻译“他已参军已经三年了。”可采用

①“ago法”

He joined the army three years ago.

②“延续法”

He has been in the army for three years.

③“since法”

It is/has been three years since he joined the army.

6、过去完成时:had done

(1)表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。

He had shut the door before the dog came up.

(2)表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成,甚至还要继续下去。

He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.

(3)常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。We had expected that you would be able to win the match.

7、将来完成时:will/shall have done

用来表示在将来某个时刻(前)将完成的动作。常和by短语,when,before引起的时间状语连用。

We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.

8、现在完成进行时:has/have been doing

用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在(还要继续下去)的动作。

He has been doing the math problems since 8:00.

9、过去完成进行时:had been doing

表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成,还将继续下去。

She had been waiting at the station for 5 hours. She was still waiting. (有表示一段时间的状语)

10、一般将来时:will/shall do;is/am/are going to do;is/am/are(about)to do

一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。

(1)be + doing 进行时表将来:

go, come, start, move, leave, arrive等词可用进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作。

He is moving to the south.

Are they leaving for Europe?

(2)be about to + 动词原形:

表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动作,后面一般不跟时间状语。

I was about to leave when the bell rang.

The meeting is about to close.

(3)be to + 动词原形

表示按计划进行或征求对方意见。

We’re to meet at the school gate at noon.

(4)一般现在时表将来:

时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情,可用一般现在时表示将来。

The meeting starts at five o’clock.

三、动词的语态(被动语态的句型)

动词的语态主要是被动语态的应用,比较简单。

1、常见句式是:主语(受动者)+be+过去分词+(by+施动者)。

He was scolded by the English teacher.

2、主语+get+过去分词+其它成分。(使用这种结构不能带有“by+施动者”)

The boy got drowned last summer.

3、带有双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的主动句变为动句,其主语可以是直接宾语,也可以是间接宾语。

She lent me a bike. 被动:①I was lent a bike(by her). ②A bike was lent to me(by her).

4、情态动词+be+过去分词。

This problem must be worked out in half an hour.

5、双重被动式:主语+被动式谓语+不定式的被动式+其它成分。

These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room.

四、非谓语动词

非谓语不是难点,但是一个比较复杂的知识点,要记要背的东西比较多,但用熟了以后就会脱口而出,没有太大难度,主要在多用、熟悉。

1、只接不定式做宾语的动词:hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen.

2、只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语:mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to.

五、情态动词

情态动词通常是语气的表示,虽然没有实际意义,但却常常在完形填空中出现。首先要区别各个情态动词所表示的意思和语气,然后注意对应的文章和语境所需要的语气。之后就是一些小点,比如shall的不同意义、情态动词+have done的各种特殊用法等。

1、表示“能力、许可”的can和may:

(1)表示能力的情态动词用can/could。

A computer can’t think for itself; it must be told what to do.

(2)表示许可时用may/might ,can/could 都可以,但在问句中用could…?或might…?以使口气委婉客气,其回答一定要用can或may,以使回答口气明确(must表示一定,必须,mustn’t表示禁止,不许可)。Johnny, you mustn’t play with the knife, you may hurt yourself.

(3)在肯定句中could不可以用来表示过去某一特定场合的能力,而要用was/were able to。

The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.

2、表示“推断、判断”的can,may,must:

(1)在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能。在含义上must语气最肯定,may表示的是事实上的可能性。

Peter may come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.

(2)在否定句中只能用can和may。所以can’t时用以代替mustn’t,语气比may更肯定。中文可以翻译为不可能。

Michael can’t be a policeman, for he’s much too short.

(3)在疑问句只能用can,不能用may和must。

He may be very busy now. /Can he be very busy now?

He must be very busy now. /Can he be very busy now?

3、need作为情态动词只有一种形式,只用于否定句和疑问句。

4、dare作为情态动词用时有两种形式:dare和dared两个词形,除了可以用于否定句和疑问句外,还可以用于条件从句或表示怀疑的句子中。

If he dare come, I will kick him out. I don’t know whether he dare say.

He doesn’t dare(to)answer the question.(否定句)

Does she dare(to)enter the dark room?(疑问句)

5、shall:

(1)用于第一人称:征求对方的意见。

What shall we do this evening?

(2)用于第二、三人称:警告、命令、允诺、威胁等。

You shall fail if you don’t work harder. (警告)

He shall have the book when I finish reading.(允诺)

He shall be punished.(威胁)

6、should劝告、建议、命令、应该做、道义上的责任。

You should(ought to) go to class right away.

7、will/would:

(1)请求、建议,would比will委婉客气。

Would you pass me the book?

(2)表示意志、愿望和决心。

I will never do that again.

(3)would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。

The wound would not heal.(伤口老是不能愈合)

(5)would表示估计或猜想。

What would she be doing there?

8、情态动词+have done的用法:

(1)could+have done:本可以做而实际上未能做。

You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best.

(2)cannot+ have done:表示对现在或过去行为的否定推测。

He cannot have been to that town.

(3)can+主语+ have done:表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定(用在疑问句中)。

Can he have got the book?

(4)might(may)+ have done:对过去发生的行为不太肯定的推测。

He may not have finished the work.

(6)must+ have done:对过去发生的行为肯定的推测。其否定式为:cannot have done。

You must have seen the film.

You cannot have seen the film.

(7)needn’t+ have done:本来不必要做的而实际上又做了。

You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.

区别于:didn’t need to(have to)do:没有必要做而实际上也没有做

I didn’t need to clean the windows. My sister did it 2 hours ago.

(8)should(ought to)+ have done:本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定形式表示某中行为不该发生却发生了。

You should have started earlier, but you didn’t.

She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape,for I worked to use it.

区别于:He should have finished the work by now.(表推测)

六、虚拟语气

虚拟语气是重点也是难点,一定要详细记忆,清楚地分辨各种用法,千万不要混淆。If引导的条件句是基础,在清除记忆了这个基础之上,有几个难点如下所列:省略if的虚拟条件句、混合虚拟条件句、含蓄虚拟条件句和其它状语从句等。

1、If引导的条件从句:

(1)与现在事实相反

从句:过去式(was/were),主句:should/would/could/might +do

If he were here, he would help us.

(2)与过去事实相反

从句:had +done,主句:should/would/could/might +have +done

If I had been free ,I would have visited you.

(3)与将来事实相反

从句:过去式/should+动词原形/were +to do,主句:should/would/could/might+动词原形

If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.

2、省略if的虚拟条件句:将虚拟条件从句中的were,had,should放到主语之前,构成主谓倒装。Should he come ,tell him to ring me up.

Were I you, I would not do it.

Had I been free, I would have visited you.

3、混合虚拟条件句:

(1)不同时间的虚拟:各遵守各的规则。

If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.

If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now.

If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.

(2)虚拟与陈述的混合:各遵守各的规则。

He could have passed the exam, but he wasn’t careful enough.

You should have come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.

4、含蓄虚拟条件句:

(1)but for+名词表示虚拟条件

But for your timely warning, we must have got into great trouble. ---You know we’re friends.

(2)without+名词表示虚拟条件

Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night would be freezing cold.

(3)动词不定式表示虚拟条件

It would be only partly right to follow in this way.(如果用这种方式,仅仅对了一半。)

(4)现在分词表示虚拟条件

Having known in time ,we might have prevented the accident.(要是及时得知的话,我们也许能阻止这场事故。)

(5)过去分词表示虚拟条件

Given more attention, the tree could have grown better.(如果多留心的话,这树本来可以长的更好。)

(7)副词otherwise表示虚拟条件

I was too busy at that time. Otherwise, I would have called you.(我当时太忙,否则我就给你打电话了。)(8)连词but连接的句子表示虚拟条件

He would become fatter but he eats too little.

5、其它状语从句:

(1)as if/as though引导的状语从句中动词用did或had+done或would/could/might+do。

①与现在事实相反

He talks as if he knew where she was.

②与过去事实相反

He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.

③与将来事实相反

He opened his mouth as if he would say something.

注意:当说话者认为所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时,as if/as though引导的状语从句中也可以用陈述语气。

It sounds as if it is raining.听起来像是在下雨。

He talks as if he is drunk.从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。

(2)in order that/so that引导的状语从句中动词用can/could/may/ might/ would等+do。

Turn on the light so that we can see it clearly.

6、宾语从句:

(1)demand, suggest, order, insist后接的从句中动词为should+ do。

He suggested that we not change our mind.

(2)wish后的从句中分别用过去式,过去完成式和should/would+ do表示与现在,过去和将来情况相反。

I wish I could be a pop singer.

I wish I would have gone to Shanghai last month.

7、主语从句

在It is necessary / important / strange that…It is suggested / demanded/ ordered /requested that…等从句中,谓语动词用should+ do。

It is strange that such a person should be our friends.

8、其它句型中

(1)It is time that…句型中动词用过去式或should+ do

It’s high time that we left/should leave.

(2)would rather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式

I would rather you stayed at home now.

(3)If only句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式,表示强烈的愿望

If only our dream had come true!

七、句子种类

句子种类是比较简单,考试也不会特殊单独考到,在这里写下主要是因为它是语法学习的基础,有助于接下来高级语法的学习,所以简单理解清楚即可。

1、感叹句:

(1)what + 名词

What a fine day it is! (多好的天气呀!)

(2)how + 形容词或副词

How hard they are working! (他们工作多努力呀!)

(3)how +句子

How time flies! (时间过得多么快呀!)

(4)How + adj. + a (an) + n.=What a(an)+adj.+n

How nice a boy (he is) !=What a nice boy (he is)! (多好的孩子啊!)

2、简单句:

(1)主+谓

They disappeared. (他们消失了。)

(2)主+谓+宾

He likes swimming.(他喜欢游泳。)

(3)主+谓+间接宾+直接宾

I told my friend the good news. (我把好消息告诉了我的朋友。)

(4)主+谓+宾+宾补

They named the boy Jack. (他们给孩子起名叫杰克。)

(5)主+系+表

She is a university student. (她是一名大学生。)

3、并列句:

(1)并列关系and, not only…but also, neither …nor, both…and, not…but。

Either you do it, or I ask for somebody else to do it. (要么你来做,要么我请其他人来做。)

Neither Tom nor Jack has finished the homework. (汤姆和杰克都没有完成作业。)

Not couldn’t they complete the task, but the task was too tough. (不是他们完不成任务,而是任务太重了。)(2)转折关系but,while(而,尽管),nevertheless(然而;不过)。

John likes playing basketball, but he didn’t play it yesterday. (约翰喜欢打篮球,但他昨天没打。)

(3)选择关系or, otherwise or else, either…or。

We must hurry, or we’ll miss the train. (我们必须快点,否则会赶不上火车。)

Either you come to my place or I go to yours. (或者你到我这儿来,或者我到你那去。)

(4)因果关系for, so, thus, therefore, and so。

We had better stay at home, for it was raining. (我们最好呆在家里,因为天正在下雨。)

He didn’t work hard, therefore he failed in the examination.(他学习不努力,因此这次考试不及格。)

4、复合句:

由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体,从句是全句的一个成分,不能独立。

从句有:(1)名词性从句(主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句和同位语从句);

(2)状语从句;

(3)定语从句。

八、名词性从句

名词性从句是一个考试点,做题时经常会遇到,但是高中语法阶段不需要做太难的深究,只要弄清楚详细的小知识点用于选择、填空等即可,比如that\whether\if\which\what等的应用环境与辨别。

1、主语从句:

(1)连词:that(that在引导主语从句时不可省去),Whether(主语从句中只能用whether不可用if)。

That he will come and help you is certain.(他来帮助你是确实无疑的。)

Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. (月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。)

(2)连接代词:who,what,which,whatever。

What he wants to tell us is not clear. (他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。)

Who will win the match is still unknown. (谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。)

(3)连接副词:when,where,why,how。

It is known to us how he became a writer. (我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。)

Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. (英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。)注:主语从句放在句首,句子常显得笨重,因此一般把它移到句子后面,前面用引导词“it”来作形式主语。

2、宾语从句:

(1)陈述:that(that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省)。

I believe(that) he is honest. (我相信他是忠诚的。)

(2)疑问:if,whether(whether常与or not连用,不能用if代替;作介词宾语要用whether不能用if;从句是否定句时一般用if引导)。

I wonder whether he will come or not. (我想知道他来还是不来。)

Everything depends on whether we have enough money. (一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。)

I don’t know i f(whether) it is interesting. (我不知道它是否有意思。)

He doesn’t care if it isn’t a fine day.(他不在乎天气是否好。)

(3)特殊疑问意义:who, whom,which,whose,what, when,where,why,how,whoever, whatever, whichever(宾语从句作及物动词宾语也可做介词的宾语)。

Please tell me what you want.(请告诉我你需要什么?)

She always thinks of how she can work well. (她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。)

She will give whoever needs help a warm support.(凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。)

(4)如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,将从句后置。

We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished. (我们必须认清无论谁违反了法律都要受到惩罚。)

(5)think,believe,imagine,suppose等动词引出的宾语从句,要将从句中的否定形式,移到主句中。

We don’t think you are right. (我们认为你不对。)

I don’t believe he will do so. (我相信他不会这样做的。)

3、表语从句:

(1)连词:that,whether,as if(在非正式的文体中that可以省去)。

The problem is(that) they can’t get here early enough. (问题是他们不能很早到达这里。)

It looks as if it’s going to rain.(看起来天要下雨。)

(2)连接代词:who,what,which。

That’s just what I want. (这正是我想要的。)

The question is who(which of you) will be the next speaker. (问题是谁(你们哪一位)接着发言。)

(3)连接副词:when,where,why,how(表语从句位于主句系动词之后)。

This is where our problem lies.(这就是我们的问题所在。)

That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. (那就是他为什么不到会的原因。)

4、同位语从句:

由连词that引导,不担任成分,也可有when, how, where等引导(同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容,常用的名词如:fact, news, idea, hope, thought, question, order, fear, doubt, word, proof,belief, story等)。

The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world.(他曾在月球上登陆这个消息传遍世界。)

I have no idea when he will come back home. (我不知道他什么时候回来。)

The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. (他想到可能玛丽生病了。)

He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.(他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问题。)

九、状语从句

状语从句看着很多、很繁琐,但是它的考点其实并不难,只要记清楚固定的知识点和固定的搭配应用即可,在多做题的过程中自然就熟悉了。

1、实践状语从句:

(1)When,whenever(when指的是“某一具体的时间”,whenever指的是“在任何时间”)。

When I came into the room, he was writing a letter.当我进屋时,他正在写信。

We shall go there whenever we are free.我们什么时间有空,我们就去那里。

(2)when(when意为“这时”或“在那个时候”,可以看作是并列句,这种用法的when分句一般位于句末)。

I was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.我正在街上走着,这时忽然有人从后面拍我的肩膀。

(3)while(while指“在某一段时间里”,“在…期间”,while引导的动作必须是持续性的)。

While it was raining, they went out.天下雨的时候,他们出去了。

(4)as(as引导持续性动作,强调主句和从句的动作同时发生)。

He hurried home, looking behind as he went.他赶快回家,不时地一边走一边向后看。

(5)before,after。

Be a pupil before you become a teacher.先做学生,再做先生。

He arrived after the game started.比赛开始后,他到了。

(6)till(如主句动词是持续性动作,常用肯定式,表示“直到…为止”)。

We waited till (until)he came back .我们一直等到他回来。

(7)until(如主句动词是瞬间动词,常用否定式,表示“直…才”“在…以前不”,从句放在句首表示强调,一般用until)。

She didn’t stop working until eleven o’clock .她到11点钟才停止工作。

(8)since,as soon as(状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开,如从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号)。

Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.自从1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。

As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, I’ll write to you.我一到上海就给你写信。

(9)hardly…when,no sooner…than(hardly…when和no sooner…than的意义相当于as soon as,但只表示过去发生的事情,主句为过去完成时,从句为过去时,如hardly或no sooner位于句首时语气强,而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装)。

I had hardly got home when it began to rain. =Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. 我刚一到家,就下雨了。

No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.我们刚到车站,火车就走了。

Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.我们刚开始就被叫停。

(10)every time, by the time, the moment等(在时间状语从句中,不能用将来时或过去将来时,而要用现在时或过去时代替将来时)。

Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.我每次乘船都晕船。

The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful.我一听到这首歌,就感到很愉快。

Next time you come ,you’ll see him.下次你来的时候,就会见到他。

2、地点状语从句:where,wherever(where与wherever意义基本相同,但后者语气较强,多用于书面语)。

Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者,事竟成。

You are free to go wherever you like.你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。

3、原因状语从句:

(1)because(because用来回答why 的问题,语气最强)。

I came back late yesterday because I was on duty.昨天我回来晚了,因为我值班。

(2)since(since表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首)。

Since everyone is here, let’s begin our meeting.既然大家都到了,我们开始开会。

(3)as(从句常放在句首,说明原因,主句说明结果,常用于口语中)。

As he didn’t know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary .

由于他英语懂得不多,他在字典中查阅这个单词。

(4)now that, seeing that(seeing (that), now that 和since, as 意义相似,他们都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思,that可以省去)。

Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.鉴于天气已经晴朗,我们可以启程了。

Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.鉴于他病情严重,我们派人去请医生去了。

4、目的状语从句:that,so that,in order that,lest = for fear that(目的状语从句中常用情态动词may (might) can (could) ,should 等放在动词之前,从句往往放在主句之后,主从句之间不用任何标点符号)。

I shall write down your telephone number that I may not forget.我要把你的电话号码记下来,以免忘记。

We’ll tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.我把真实情况告诉你,使你能自己作出判断。

They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time .他们比往更加努力工作,为了能提前完成工作。

Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold.多穿点衣服,以免感冒。

5、结果状语从句:

(1)so that,so…that(so that前有逗号为结果状语从句,so…that的so后面跟形容词或副词)。

We turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.我们把收音机的音量放大,大家都听到了新闻。

He was so excited that he couldn’t say a word.他十分激动,以致一句话都说不出来。

(2)such…that(such…that的such后面跟名词,如果名词是单数就要用such a /an…that还可以转换用so…that,语气较强)。

He gave such important reasons that he was excused.他说出了这么重要的理由,得到大家的谅解。

6、条件状语从句:if,unless,as/so long as,in case,so far as(unless从句的谓语只能用肯定式。unless 和if…not同义,unless是书面语,if…not是口语,通常二者可以换用

条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时)。

Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.如果我们不怕困难,困难就算不了什么了。

We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains. = We shall go there tomorrow if it doesn’t rain. 除非下雨,我们明天就去那里。

So/As long as you work hard, you will succeed.只要你努力工作,你就一定能成功。

In case I forget, please remind me about it .万一我忘了,请提醒我一下。

So far as I know, the book will be published next month.据我所知,那本书下月出版。

7、方式状语从句:as,as if…,as though(此处as译为:按照或正如

as if或as though的意义和用法基本一样。从句中可以用现在时表示可能符合事实,也可以用虚拟语气)。Draw a cat as I taught you .按照我教你的画一只猫。

Do as you are told.按照人家告诉你做的去做。

She looks as if she is ill.看上去她好象是生病了。

He acted as if (though) nothing had happened.他的行动就好象什么也没有发生。

They treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal.他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口。

考研英语语法练习题【附答案详解】

考研英语语法练习题【附答案详解】 1. —How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin? —Oh, that’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided. A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose 2. October 15th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget. A. when B. that C. what D. which 3. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely. A. when B. where C. which D. whose 4. There are several research centers in China ________ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied. A. which B. where C. when D. what 5. I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all. A. which B. what C. that D. when 6. The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside. A. as B. when C. until D. before 7. ________ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. We must unify it.

初中英语语法知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .

10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

考研英语语法大全———自己总结

考研英语十二大基础语法体系 对于任何英语句子,要分析其结构,这样才能找到英语语言的规律。每种语言都有它的难点,汉语的难点在于汉语不是拼读语言,汉字很难写,而且有四种声调。其实,许多接触过多种外语的人都认为,英语的语法比法语、德语、俄语、日语等都简单,是最容易学的。著名语言学家乔姆斯基说过,语法是内生的、也就是随着语言的诞生而诞生的。因此,学习语法和学习语言是相辅相成的。 一、英语动词的时态 (一)英汉两种语言在时态表达方式上的差异: 英语的词类与汉语的不同。汉语词类形态稳定,比如“书”这个字,“一本书”、“三本书”都一样,没有词形变化。英语就不同了,book, books仅从词形上就能知道是单数还是复数。 动词是英语中变化最多、最复杂的词类。有人说,学好英语就是学好动词,此言甚是。同一个动作或状态分别在不同时间发生或存在,表达这个动作或状态的动词就要用不同的形式,这就是时态。 (二)英语动词的形式: 英语的时态是通过动词的变化来体现的。因此,了解动词的形式及其变化规律非常重要。英语的实义动词有以下五种形式: (1)动词原形:动词原形在句子中形式不变。主要用于主语为非第三人称单数的一般现在时,情态动词之后, 或根据语法规定必须用动词原形的其他情况。 (2) 一般现在时第三人称单数形式(简称现单三):主要用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。 (3) 过去式:主要用于一般过去时。 (4) 现在分词:主要用于进行时态,或语法规定的其他情况。 (5) 过去分词:主要用于完成时态,或语法规定的其他情况。 动词一般现在时第三人称单数(现单三)的构成,见下表:

即某些字母组合的不规则动词有一定的规律。如:weep→wept, sleep→slept, sweep→swept 以上每个时间段中分别有四种状态:一般、进行、完成和完成进行。因此我们便有了四四一十六个时态。 态(一般、进行、完成、完成进行)。 比如在“They are doing their exercises.”这个句子中,动词由原形do 变成are doing 的形态,说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于正在进行的状态当中,所以叫现在进行时; 在“They have done their exercises.”这句中,动词由原形do 变成have done的形态,说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于完成的状态,所以叫现在完成时; 在“They always do their exercises.”中,动词用原形do 的形态,说明这个事情是发生在现在、并且是一般情况下永远如此,所以叫一般现在时。 在这三句话中,动词do 虽然用了不同的形态,其意义没有变化,而是事情发生的时间和状态变了。其余类推。 (三)时态详解 16个时态中,常用的有12个:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时。其他时态很少单独使用。 下面把各种时态的构成和用法做一个全面的介绍。

初二英语语法总结大全

初二期末英语必考的十二大语法点 一. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级 1. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则 (1)单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est。 ①单音节单词 small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest ②少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词 clever→cleverer→cleverest

narrow→narrower→narrowest (2)以不发音e结尾的单音节单词,比较级在原形后加-r,最高级在 原级后加-st。 large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest (3)以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)单词中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。 big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest (4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。 easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest

busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest (5)其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most。 beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful different→more different→most different easily→more easily→most easily (6)有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记。 good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst old→older/elder→oldest/eldest many/much→more→most little→less→least far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest

考研英语语法总结

考研英语语法总结

————————————————————————————————作者:————————————————————————————————日期: ?

一、虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用 虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用除了可以表示条件外,还可以表示比较、结果、目的等。虚拟语气用于表示条件的状语从句中,一般称为虚拟条件句。根据时间的不同,虚拟条件句中谓语动词时态的变化可能有三种形式,即现在、过去和将来。 If it did, it would open upits diversity program, now focus ed narrowly onrace and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.(2001年TEXT1) 这是一个含有条件状语从句的复合句。Ifit did是条件状语从句。主句中主语是it;谓语动词有两个,分别是would open up...和look for...。 这是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,从句用一般过去时,主句用would+动词原形open up和look for。 参考译文:如果它能注意这个问题的话,它就会拓展其雇员多样化项目,而目前的项目只单纯考虑招收不同种族和性别的员工,去雇佣那些在世界观、价值观、教育背景及社会阶层方面各不相同的记者。 二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用 虚拟语气除了用作状语从句中外,还可以用作主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等名词性从中。 第一,虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用 当it作形式主语,后面用形容词作表语,即在it is + adj.这样的句型中,当描述主语的表语形容词是advisable,critical,crucial,desirable,essential,impe rative,important,incredible,inevitable,necessary,recommend,strange,urgent等形容词时,主语从句的谓语动词多用虚拟语气,如果是现在时,谓语动词用should/would +动词原形(should/would经常省略);如果是过去时,则用sho uld/would + have done的形式。 Itwas inevitablethat thisprimacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Justas inevitably,the retreat from predominance proved painful.

历年考研英语语法完全版归纳

英语语法总结全集 名词和主谓一致 一、名词的分类 英语中名词主要可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。 1.可数名词 可数名词一般都有单复数。单数时,名词前可加不定冠词a/an;复数时,前面可加数词,名词本身要改成复数形式。 可数名词的复数有规则和不规则两种变化。规则的名词,只要在单数名词之后加“s”,“es”或去“y”加“ies”就行,如:an umbrella, twelve umbrellas;a factory, three factories。不规则的名词变化则要靠积累记忆,如:a mouse, ten mice;a policeman, six policemen。 有少数可数名词,如sheep,works(工厂),Chinese等,它们的单复数同形:a sheep, four sheep;a chemical works, five chemical works。 此外,还有一些可数名词只有复数形式,如clothes,trousers,cattle,police,people(人,人民)等。 英语名词中还有一些合成词,它们的复数形式有三种可能:1)后面的部分变成复数形式:grown-ups,boy students,grandchildren。2)前面的部分变成复数形式:passers-by,lookers-on,sons-in-law。3)前、后都变成复数形式:men doctors,women drivers。 2.不可数名词 不可数名词没有单复数的变化,前面也不能加a/an,或数词。但是我们可以用量词来表示不可数名词的数量,单复数表现在量词上,如:a piece of paper;two pieces of paper。 在有些情况下,不可数名词也可用a/an,表“一种”、“某种”的意思,如have a wonderful time,receive a good education,be made into a fine paper。 有时为了表示量大,不可数名词的后面也可加“s”,如sands,ashes,waters等。 但是我们在学习不可数名词的时候,特别要记住英语中有一些名词,它们无论在什么情况下,前面都不能用a/an,后面也不可加“s”,如weather,information,等。 3.有的名词既可是可数名词,也可是不可数名词 英语中有相当一部分的名词,既可以是可数,也可以是不可数,它们的意义有时略有不同,有时则完全不同。如:difficulty, success, time, work,paper,glass,等。 4.用于表示可数与不可数名词的数量“多”“少”的常用词和词组 跟可数名词连用的如:few, a few, many。 跟不可数名词连用的如:little, a little, much。 可数与不可数都能用的是:a lot of , plenty of。 二、主谓一致 1.通常被看作单数的主语部分 1)不定式、动名词和主语从句。 eg.. To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. What he said was different from what he did. 2)表示“时间”“距离”“金钱数量”的名词。 eg. Twenty years is quite a long time. 10 kilometers doesn’t seem to be a long distance to Mira. 300 dollars is too much for this old coin. 3)数学式子。 eg. Two plus five is seven. 4)书报杂志、国家、单位的名字。 eg. The Times is published daily. The United States is a big country. 5)前面用a kind of, a sort of或this kind of, this sort of等词组的名词。 eg. This kind of tree(s) often grows well in warm weather. 6)代词either, neither作主语。

考研英语语法虚拟语气解析(一)

考研英语语法虚拟语气解析(一) 虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种形式,用来表示假设,或用来表示命令、建议以及说话人的主 观愿望,有时也可以使语气缓和、委婉。虚拟语气作为一重点语法,在各类考试中占有相当 大的分值,所以理解该语法,不管对于考试,还是在日常应用中都有相当大的作用,本节将 就考试重点作详细讲解。 一、虚拟语气的用法 常用于条件句中,表示与现在、将来、过去相反的假设,表示与现在、将来、过去相反假设时,主句与从句谓语动词的变化形式,现以动词do为例说明。 主句从句现在would/should/could/might + do be 宀were/do 宀did 将来 would/should/could/might + do were to + do/should + do (只能用should)过去 would/should/could/have done had done注:有些语法书中在"与将来相反假设”的条件从句中也有do i did,这样就和“与现在相反假设”的主句、从句完全相似,其主要区别在于各自的时间状语上,另外如果在“与将来相反假设”的条件从句中出现should+ do,那么主句 中就避免使用should+do,可以用would/could/might+do。 例句:If you were to exam ine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006 s World Cup tour name nt, you would most likely find a no teworthy quirk. (选自2007 年Text 1) 分析:该句是复合句。 译文:假如你去调查2006年世界杯上每位足球运动员的出生证明,你很可能会发现一 个值得注意的现象。 例句:If that happe ned, passi on ate con sumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk.(选自2011 年Text 3)分析:该句是复合句,表示与现在相反的假设。其中,分词短语putting the reputation of the target company at risk在句中作状语,表示结果。 译文:这种情况一旦发生,充满激情的消费者会尽力说服他人抵制产品,从而使目标企业的声誉处于危 险境地。 例句:Everything here would have been destroyed utterly , if his wife hadn t called the fire brigade. 分析:该句是复合句。 译文:要不是他的妻子给消防队打电话,这里的一切就被彻底地破坏了。 二、混合式虚拟语气 有时条件从句和主句时态不一致,可以根据主句、从句动作发生的时间分别运用相应的 虚拟语气。 例句:He would be studying at the university now if he had passed the entrance exam in ati on.

初中英语语法大全(总结篇)

资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 (比较级and 比较级)表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易) 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道,伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…(直接接想要的东西)eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后;尽头;末尾eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心,自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原)能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心;小心 33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名

考研英语语法总结

考研英语语法总结 于考研英语难说,在语法的构造上有其自身的特点,实际上在很大程度上就是对长、难句的理解,所以语法的学习要和长、难句的理解相互结合起来。这样我们才能做到有的放矢,各个击破考研英语中的语法难点,为顺畅解题做好铺垫。 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。第二点:动词的时态。考研中的虚拟语气一般会出现在阅读理解中。是阅读理解中的一个考点。 Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”,with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. (XX年TEXT1) 这是个含有同位语从句的复合句。that引导的同位语从句的谓语动词由would+动词原形be构成。 参考译文:这样的行为被认为“完全是人类独有的特点”,其潜在的含义是其它动物没有这种敏锐的委屈感。

省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法的分析,句子应该具备的成分,有时出于修辞上的需要,在句中并不出现,这种句子叫做省略句(elliptical sentences,这种语法现象称为“省略”(ellipsis or leaving words out。其特点是:虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分,但仍能表达其完整的意义。省略形式多样,从单词、短语到分句,都可以省略,而且各有一定的衔接关系,不容臆断。省略一般出现在翻译中,在翻译的时候,一定要把省略的部分翻译出来,否则会扣分的 Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.(20XX,翻译) 参考译文:如果这些问题得不到解决,研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥,解决问题的唯一方式不能也随之继续受到排斥。 分析:很明显,and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem,是一个省略句,with做状语一般表示伴随,这一个 分句只有一个状语加一个名词结构,构不成一个完整的句子。实际上,与前句相同的成分才会被省略,前一句的谓语部分是:will continue to be rejected. 所以,后一分句补充完整就是:with

高中英语语法大全总结

英语语法大全 一、词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。 如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或 代词担任。如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如: Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。 通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我 的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词

考研英语语法讲解(不定式)

考研英语语法讲解 二、不定式 1.不定式做主语 (1)做形式主语的代词: 不定式做主语,通常用it充当形式主语,把做主语的不定式短语后置。如: It took me only five minutes to finish the job. To be frank,it is a great relief to have the task fulfilled in so short a time. (2)引导逻辑主语的介词: 不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词for引导,但下列表示人的性格行为特征的形容词做表语时,不定式的逻辑主语则由of引导: absurd,bold,brave,courageous,careful,careless,clever,wise,foolish,silly,stupid,good,nice,kind,thoughtful,considerate,greedy,generous,honest,modest,polite,rude,cruel,selfish,lazy,wicked,wrong.如:Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to stay healthy. It''s clever of you to have invented such a device. (3)不定式做主语补足语: 掌握常用不定式做主语补足语的句型。注意不定式表示的动作发生的时间,并采用相应形式。如: said reported thought be to do sth. believed known supposed Byron is said to have lived on vinegar and potatoes. The bank is reported in the local newspaper to have been robbed in broad daylight yesterday. 2.不定式做宾语 (1)必须接不定式做宾语的动词:

1-1大学英语语法、重点分析、串讲、最新练习

大学英语语法--系动词与实意动词 在解答词汇和语法结构题时,可用以下几种方法: 1. 看准就选的直接选择法 "词汇与结构"考试的题型由题句和四个备选答案组成。在四个答案中,只有一个是正确的,其余三个都是干扰项。考生在答题时,首先应当运用直接选择法,也就是在做题时找出题句中与备选答案相关的词,利用语法规则--一般为固定搭配或习惯用法,直接选出答案。一旦看准,就不必再往下看,这样既能节省时间,又能提高正确率。 例:1994年1月四级第45题: The police set a________ to catch the thieves. a. plan b. device c. trap d. trick 本句意思为:“警察设了一个陷阱来抓小偷。”“设圈套”的一般表达“set a trap”,是一个习惯搭配。 例:1994年1月四级第62题: Medical research has shown that the widespread use of cigarettes contributes________the increase of cancers. a. towards b. for c. with d. to 本句涉及固定词组contribute to, 意为“有助于”“促成”,填入空格中,题句语义连贯。 例:1999年6月四级第51题 Tony is very disappointed________the results of the exam。 A) for B) toward C) on D) with 本题考查词组的搭配,be disappointed with意思是“对……失望”,大部分考生对此词组都很熟悉。 2. 逐个排除法 在答题时,如果不能从四个备选答案中根据词组的固定搭配或习惯用法直接选出答案的话,就应该从题的句子结构和上下文意思两方面加以考虑,通过对语义、语法、逻辑的分析,或通过词汇、语法、辨析来逐个排除,确定三项都有错误,以便推论不知意思的项为正确答案。 例:1999年月四级第50题 Being a pop star can be quite a hard life,________with a lot of travelling heavy schedules. A) as to B) in relation to C) owing to D) with regard to 选项C) owing to 的意思是“由于”。符合题意“由于时间很紧……”。选项A) as to 意思是“至于,关于”。选项B) in relation to 意思是“关于,涉及,与……相比”。而选项D) with regard to 意思是“关于”。 A)、B) 、D)三个选项在意思上都不符合题意。 例:1995年6月四级第48题 While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, it is unlikely that television________the newspaper completely. A) replaced B) have replaced C) replace D) will replace 本句的意思是“虽然人们可以从电视了解最新消息,但电视不大可能完全取代报纸”。句中unlikely表示说话人认为某事将来不大可能发生,或者认为不大可能成为事实,因此应当用陈述语气将来时。选项A) replaced 为一般过去时,从全句意思来看,显然不合适。应予以排除。选项B)have replace 违反了主谓语一致的原则,应予以排除。选项C) replace与单数主语television在数上不一致,也违反了主谓语一致原则,应予以排除。因此,本题答案为D) will replace。

考研英语语法总结

英语语法总结 下文总结了十二个要点: 1、主谓一致 2、时态 3、语态 4、非谓语动词 5、情态动词 6、虚拟语气 7、句子种类 8、名词性从句 9、状语从句 10、定语从句 11、强调句 12、倒装句 当然以上并不是全部要点,还有一些比较基础的,比如:祈使句、省略句、名词等知识点比较简单,在平时做题中自然而然就积累下来了,不需要刻意背诵。 一、主谓一致 主谓一致的关键在于,分条记清楚,不要混淆。 1、以动词不定式短语,动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式; To study English well is not easy.(动词不定式短语作主语) Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. (动名词短语作主语) What he said is very important for us all. (从句作主语) 2、由连接词and或both…and连接起来的主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。但若所连接的两个词是 指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语就用单数形式。 The writer and artist has come. 由and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every 或more than a (an)/one,many a (an) 修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。either, neither, each, every 或no+单数名词和由some, any no, every构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。 Every student and every teach is in the classroom. Many a boy and many a girl likes it. No boy and no girl likes it. Each of us has a new book. Is everyone here today? Somebody is speaking in class. Everything around us is matter 若none of 后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数。若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。 None of the sugar was left. None of us has (have) been to America. 3、在定语从句里,关系代词that, who, which 等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。(画 线为先行词) Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard.

人教版小学英语语法总结大全

人教版小学英语语法总结大全一、小学英语形容词性物主代词 1、形容词性物主代词8 个: Myyourhisheritsouryourtheir 我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他(她、它)们的 2、形容词性物主代词的特点: 1)译成汉语都有”的"eg : my我的their他们的 2)后面加名词:eg :mybackpackhisname 3)前后不用冠词aanthe

Thisisamyeraser(错误)Thatisyourapen(错 误)lt'shisthepe n(错误) 3、I(物主代词)myyou(物主代词)yourhe(物主代词)herwe(物主代词)our 注:在变物主代词时,把原题所给的词加上的,再译成单词就可以了。 二、小学英语名词性物主代词 1、名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词一样有8 个: Mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs 我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他(她、它)们的 2、名词性物主代词的特点:

1)译成汉语都有" 的 2)后面不加名词 3)名词性物主代词= 形容词性物主代词+ 名词 Eg :1 、thepenismine 钢笔是我的(mine=mypen) 以上就是小学英语名词性物主代词全文,希望能给大家带来帮助! 三、小学英语单数的句子变成复数的句子 把单数的句子成复数的句子很简单:变法是把能变成复数的词变成复数,但a 或an 要把去掉。特殊疑问词、形容词、国家及地点通常不变。 Eg :把下列句子变成复数 1 ,Ihaveacar wehavecars

2 ,HeisanAmericanboy. TheyareAmericanboys 3,Itisacar Theyarecars 4,Thisisaneraser Theseareerasers 5,Thatisabackpsck Thosearebackpacks 6,I'manEnglishteather WeareEnglishteathers 7,It'sanewshirt Theyarenewshirts 8,He'saboy Theyareboys 9,She'sasinger T heyaresingers 10,What'sthisinEnglish ?WhataretheseinEnglish

考研英语语法大全【高分必备】

一、时态、语态需要掌握的要点: 1.以下几类动词一般不能用于进行时,同样不用于完成进行时: (1)表示感知的动词:hear, feel, notice, recognize, see, taste, smell; (2)表示意愿、情感的动词:desire, dislike, forgive, hate, like, love, prefer, refuse, want, wish, fear, love, hate; (3)表示思考、看法的动词:believe, doubt, expect, forget, hope, feel, mean, know, agree, realize, mind, recall, recollect, remember, trust, suppose; (4)表示所有、占有的动词:belong to, owe, own, possess, hold(容纳); (5)其他动词:cost, appear, concern, contain, consist, deserve, matter, seem。 如:I’d say whenever you are going after something that is belonging to you, anyone who is depriving you of the right to have it is criminal. (1997年考研题, belong表示归属,不用于进行式) He was seeing somebody creeping into the house through the open window last night. (1990年考研题,see表示结果,不用于进行式) 2. 不用will/shall表达将来时的形式: (1)be going to表示现在的打算和意图; (2)arrive, come, drive, go, leave, retire, return, set off, start, take off等表示移位的动词的进行体表示按计划肯定要发生的将来动作;

相关文档
相关文档 最新文档