文档库 最新最全的文档下载
当前位置:文档库 › 英语语法大全(完全版)

英语语法大全(完全版)

英语语法大全(完全版)
英语语法大全(完全版)

语法

1.5种类型的谓语

1326 在一个完整的句子中,主语之外的部分称为谓语,共有5种类型的谓语。

第一类包含一个不及物动词(Ⅳ):

He came.

My wife cried.

第二类包含一个及物动词及其宾语(TV+O):

John likes me.

His uncle wrote letters.

第三类包含一个双宾动词、一个间接宾语和一个直接宾语(DV+IO+DO):

They teach me English.

I bought Mary sugar.

第四类包含一个系动词及主语补语(LV+C):

He is a teacher.

She looks sad.

第五类包含一个宾补动词、宾语及宾语补语(FV+O+C):

We made him king.

She left the house dirty.

1.基本成分

1302根据其结构,句子可以分为5类:

a.主语+不及物动词

John came.

(S)(IV)

b.主语+及物动词+宾语

John likes

oranges.

(S)(TV)(O)c.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

John gave

Mary books.

(S)(DV)

(IO)(DO)

d.主语+系动词+主语补语

John is

happy.

(S)(LV)(SC)e.主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语

John makes

Mary angry.

(S)(FV)(O)(OC)

主语、不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分。在上面的句子中,如把任何一个成分删除,都会成为病句。从上面例句也可看出,完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分,至多4个基本成分。

2.附属成分

1303基本成分可以加修饰语:1)定语(即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句)或2)状语(即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句)。下面例句中,修饰语为斜体字,被修饰的词为黑体字:

1)Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearby.

John likes oranges imported from the U.S..

John gave Mary many books,which are full of illustrations.

2)John often came to chat with me.

John likes oranges very much.

Whenever he gets drunk,John makes Mary very angry.

这类句子,即使把修饰语去掉,结构仍是完整的。这种修饰语,可能在意思上很重要,但在结构上不影响句子的完整性,因此称作附属成分。

3.独立成分

1304句中还有一类成分,可以去掉,不影响句子的完整性,并和句子的其他词没有语法的关系,可以称作独立成分。

Oh!What is that!(惊叹词)

He has,alas,failed again.

Come here,John.(呼语)

Roll on,Ocean,roll on.

4.省略成分

1305此外还有一类被省略的成分,虽然未说出来,却在句中表示一定的意思:

(You) Come here.

(I wish you)Good luck!

Some gave him praises,but others(gave him)rotten eggs.

5.连接成分

1306最后还有连接成分,它实际上是一个并列连词,用来连接两个或几个平行的词、短语和分句。

1307 ,一个完整的句子(从句或分句)必须包含2个到4个基本成分,此外,如果意思上有需要,还可包含一个或更多其他的句子成分。

1.解析

That—指示形容词,修饰单数名词boy。

boy—普通名词,阳性,单数,主格,为动词shook的主语。

shook—及物动词,过去式。

his—物主代词,阳性,单数,第三人称,所有格,修饰名词head。

head—普通名词,中性,单数,宾格,shook的宾语。

2.分析

3.图解

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6004T1.bmp}

解析对词的分类处理过多,不甚有用。分析说明了句中词之间的关系,但有时显得很复杂。图解最有用,因为它以最简单明了的方式说明了词与词之间的关系,这种关系有时会把读者弄糊涂。

1.4个基本成分的图解办法

1309 5类基本句及4种基本成分可以用下面的方式加以图解:

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6004T2.bmp}

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6005T1.bmp}

一个词的特定地位意味着它的特定作用。和横线交叉的左边竖线把主语S (在左面)和动词V(在右面)分开。斜线表示它右面的词为主语或宾语的补语。另一竖线表示右面的词为宾语O。

2.附属成分的图解办法

1310主语、动词。宾语及补语这4种基本成分都放在横线的上方,附属成分,如形容词、副词及起相同作用的其他词语,都放在横线的下方,紧挨在它们所修饰词的下面:

My father left yesterday.

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6005T2.bmp}

Some people write commercial letters skillfully.

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6005T3.bmp}

Some naughty little children broke his expensive spectacles purposely.

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6005T4.bmp}

A downright bad man is very often a wonderfully successful man.

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6006T1.bmp}

The old man opposite the street visited his children in Francein 1968.{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6006T2.bmp}

3.成语、助动词、动名词等的图解办法

1311应当记住,一个空位通常只容一个词(类),但成语由几个词构成却起一个词(类)的作用。因此有必要把构成成语的几个词放在一个空位中,因为成语表示一个单一的意思,不宜分割成几个词(类):

The Minister of Economics paid attention to the inflation.

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6006T3.bmp}

助动词应和主要动词放在一起:

She has been raising her children for the last ten years.

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6006T4.bmp}

介词短语、不定式短语、动名词短语或名词从句,在用作主语、宾语或补语时,可用一个来进行图解,不仅表示其内在结构,还表示它作为一个词和其他词的关系:

He is in a bad temper.

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6007T1.bmp}

注意,这个句子有3个基本成分:主语+系动词+补语。第三部分in a bad temper的图解,不仅说明了这 4个词之间的关系,还通过使用说明它作为一个单一词类和其他词之间的关系,即起形容词的作用,作为系动词is的补语。

在下面图解中,这个短语占了2个空位,这样容易引起误会,因为人们会以为这个句子包含4个基本成分:

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6007T2.bmp}

To tell lies is not always successful·

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6007T3.bmp}

上面图解中to tell lies这个不定式短语,一方面表明了to tell 是一个及物动词,lies是它的宾语,另一方面说明整个短语起名词作用,只占一个空,作为句子的主语。如果用下面图解,就会引起误会:

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6008T1.bmp}

He likes playing tennis in the morning.

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6008T2.bmp}

注意上面动名词playing tennis in the morning的图解,一方面说明playing为及物动词,tennis为其宾语,而in the morning为其修饰语,另一方面说明这个短语起名词作用,用作及物动词(谓语动词)like的宾语。

He washes before taking dinner.

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6008T3.bmp}

注意,talking dinner这个动名词短语,通过使用,表明为一个单一词类,起名词作用,用作介词before的宾语。如作下面图解则会引起误会:{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6008T4.bmp}

know that you speak English well.

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6008T5.bmp}

注意that引起的从句的图解,一方面表明了这5个词之间的关系(that为连词,主语为you,speak为及物动词,宾语为english,well为speak的修饰语),另一方面说明整个从句起一个单一词即名词的作用,用作及物动词,know 的宾语。that上下的两条模线表明它是一个连词。

4.其他规则

1312 在图解中省略的词应用圆括号标出:

He has walked fifty miles.

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6009T1.bmp}

Come here.

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6009T2.bmp}

What(=The thing which)I know is unimportant.

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6009T3.bmp}

问号及惊叹号放在正横线右边末尾,在图解中大写字母保持不变:

Can he come?

What a trip we have had!

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6009T4.bmp}

只要句子的意思保持不变,词语位置的任何变动都不影响图解。

He left for France yesterday.和Yesterday he left for France.图解的方式一样:

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6010T1.bmp}

同样,I sing this song specially for you.和Specially for you I sing this song.图解的方式一样:

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6010T2.bmp}

My happy days are gone!和 Gone are my happy days!也如此:

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6010T3.bmp}

某个特殊的句子,根据不同的理解可有不同的图解方式。例如在 He is out of temper.中,out of temper可看作是成语,是一个整体,这时图解方式如下:

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6010T4.bmp}

如果把它看作介词短语,包含2个成分,则可作如下图解:

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6010T5.bmp}

在Walking along the street,John met Mary.这个句子中,Walking along the street可以看作定语,这时可以按下面方式图解:

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6011T1.bmp}

如果把它看作状语,图解会是下面这个方式:

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6011T2.bmp}

还有一些其他规则,说明如下:

在主要横线左端下方的竖线来表示它后面或下面的词和全句有关,可以是一个句子修饰语或是一个把这个句子和另一句子连接起来的并列连词:

Luckily,I found the lost ring.

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6011T3.bmp}

In at word,I can do no more.

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6011T4.bmp}

I study music and my wife does housework.

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6011T5.bmp}

He is a great politician;besides,he is an artist.

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6012T1.bmp}

He worked very hard;on the other hand,his children played all day.

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6012T2.bmp}

Indeed he knows his fault,but he refuses to own it.

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6012T3.bmp}

最后,注意以后各节中,凡有星号的例句,都将在各句型讲完之后加以图解。

Ⅰ.名词(或代词)

1314 Books are good companions.

London is populous.

如果由名词表示的主语受到强调或有较长的修饰语,它可以由一个代词代替,本身则移到句子末尾:

He is a nice fellow,your uncle.

It is truly long,that bridge across the Yellow River.

They have gone away,those rascals.

There it stood a monument of all ages.

It is funny the way(that)he teaches his children.

(主语可以跟一定语从句)

It astonishes me the number of the wives he has.

It is inscrutable the rumour that is spreading.

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6014T1.bmp}

[=]表示它上面的整个词组和它前面的词指的是同一东西。

Ⅱ.名词成语

1315 “Crocodile tears”means pretended sorrow.The dog star is the largest fixed star.A“field piece”means a cannon.

The river bed is muddy.I wore a sun hat.He is a paper tiger and who is afraid of him?(名词+名词)

His maiden speech is wonderful.A leap year comes every fourth year.His untimely end is beyond belief.A wet blanket and a queer fish are coming toward us.Is a heavy hand enough to suppress the revolt?(形容词+名词)

Today is All Fools'Day.A cat's paw may be a scapegoat.This printer's ink is poor.“Man's estate”means the age of manhood.(名词所有格+

名词)

An apple of discord was thrown among them.A Jack of all trades may be a good-for-nothing.A fish out of water will die soon.Here is a case in point.A friend at court will help me.(名词+介词+名词)

The ins and outs of this scandal interested us.The long and short of the story is this.The ups and downs of life are familiar to my uncle.(名词+and +名词)

Guangdong Province is in the south of China.Stratford-on- Avon is the birth-place of Shakespeare.The Ministry of Education has issued an important ordinance.(专有名词短语)

其他例子:

A curtain lecture,elbow room,an insect bite,fairy tales

The Almighty Dollar,the Dark Continent,the black market,a dark room,a golden wedding,an aching void,a low diet

The bull's eye,a sheep's eye,a fool's cap,a sailors home,Achilles' heel,Adam's apple,the lion's share,the king's evil

The age of machinery,the art of God,the man in the street,a bed of roses,a woman of the world,a man of family,a letter of credit,a word of honour,castles in the air,a friend in need,a man about town

All beer and skittle,the alpha and beta,the why and where- fore the sum and substance,Darby and Joan,David and Jonathan

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6015T1.bmp}

Ⅲ.代词

1316 We shall start tomorrow.She likes it.

Mine(= My family)is an unhappy family.His(=His fate) has been the fate of an unusual artist.Hers is a car made in Germany.(名词性物主代词+系动词+名词)

We(= Our class)are full up.We(= Our office)close on Saturday afternoon.He(= His watch)is too fast.We(= Our things)have been packed.(人称代词有时可用来表示属于某人的东西)

My uncle he(名词+多余的代词)wants it done.People in town they have never seen cows.(文化低的人的语言或歌谣中的说法)

She is a nice girl,Mary.They are very selfish,those people.(代词在前,指同一人或东西的名词在后,参阅1314节)

It is hot(or cloudy,snowing,raining.)(It指天气)

It is spring(or morning,Sunday,my birthday);struck three,is growing towards evening.(It指时间)

It is ten miles(or a long way).(It指距离)

It is I(or me).(It指一个身份尚不清楚的人)

It is all over with him.How is it with him?How goes it?(It 泛指一般情况)

It is my sister(主语受到强调)that(or who) studied English at A.A.A.School when she was seventeen.(用It is…that…这种结构可以对主语、宾语、状语短语或状语从句加以强调。My sister studied at A.A.A.School when she was seventeen.是原来的句子,对主语加以强调时可改为上面形式。)

It is English(宾语受到强调)that(or which) my sister studied,etc.

It is at A.A.A.School(状语短语受到强调)that(or where)my sister studied English,etc.

It is when she was seventeen(状语从句受到强调)that my sister studied English at A.A.A.School.

It is I that said so.

It is waiting for a chance that will not do.

It is here(or then,for this reason,with a lightning speed)that he married her.

It was after seeing her that he became crazy.

Who is it that you want?What is it that he is looking for?

It is only arithmetic that he is afraid of.It is only her idols that she pays attention to.It is not his children that he cares about,but his business.

It is a good horse that never stumbles.(= No horse is so good as to never stumble.)(这类常在谚语中出现的句子,结构虽和上面句子相同,意思却不一样。)

It is a silly fish that is caught twice.(= no fish is so silly as to be caught twice.)

It is an ill bird that fouls his own nest.(= No bird is so ill as to foul his own nest.)

注:It可以代表一个动名词、不定式或从句。可参阅1318—1322。

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6017T1.bmp}

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6018T1.bmp}

It表示 the thing,that引起的从句可以看做定语,修饰主语It。that

起从属连词和代词的作用,图解记号异于并列连词。

Ⅳ.the+形容词(或分词)

1317 The brave deserve the fair.The young are to be educated.There are the dying and the dead,the slain and the van- guished.(复数主语)

The beautiful and the good is our ideal.The middle or the thick of the forest has many animals in it.The accused(or The deceased)is a rich man.The French is different in character from the English.(单数主语)

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6018T2.bmp}

Ⅴ.不定式

1318 作主语的不定式常常由it代替,本身放到句末作为it的同位语:

To live in Tokyo would be too expensive.It would be too expensive to live in Tokyo.

To go out of town every weekend became our custom.It became our custom to go out of town every weekend.

To have broken his leg is his bad luck.It is his bad luck to have broken his leg.

To be happy requires(or needs,wants)no great fortune.

It requires no great fortune to be happy.

To be rich or to be poor makes a lot of difference.It makes a lot of difference to be rich or to be poor.

To raise the fund,to set up the building,to employ workers,all these take time.

The story makes me sick to repeat.To repeat the story makes me sick.It makes me sick to repeat the story.(这三句意思相同,却有不同的主语。)

This theory takes much time to understand.To understand this theory takes much time.It takes much time to understand this theory.

To answer the question you asked in your letter is easy.

It is easy to answer the question you asked in your letter.

The question you asked in your letter,it is easy to answer.

(这三句意思相同,可比较其主语。)

To handle a wife who comes of a rich family seems difficult.It seems difficult to handle a wife who comes of a rich family.A wife who comes of a rich family,it seems difficult to handle.

不定式可以有一个意义上的主语:

For John to live in Tokyo would be too expensive.It would be too expensive for John to live in Tokyo.

For a commoner to marry a nobleman's daughter does not astonish me.It does not astonish me for a commoner to marry a nobleman's daughter.

For politicians to talk about peace is as funny as for drinkers to talk about temperance.It is as funny as for drinkers to talk about temperance,for politicians to talk about peace.

下面句子中的不定式没有意义上的主语。 for you,of you等和 it is有关,起补语作用:

It is for(or up to)you to say yes or no.(=

To say yes or no is for[or up to] you.)

It is easier for you to speak to the boss than for me.(=To speak to the boss is easier for you than for me.)

It is very kind of you to do so.(=To do so is very kind of you.)

It is natural in Mary to love John.

It is inconvenient to her to wait so long.

It is up to you to apologize.

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6020T1.bmp}

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6021T1.bmp}

注意意义上的主语 for John是如何图解的。

Ⅵ.动名词

1319 和不定式一样,作主语的动名词也可以用it代替:

Living in Tokyo would be too expensive.It would be too expensive living in Tokyo.

Crying over spilt milk is no use.It is no use crying over spilt milk.

There is no climbing up the cliff.(= Climbing up the cliff is impossible.)

There is no denying the fact.(=Denying the fact is impossible.)

John's(or His)living in Tokyo would be too expensive.

It would be too expensive John's(or his)living in Tokyo.

(动名词这里有意义上的主语)

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6022T1.bmp}

注意动名词意义上主语John's如何图解的。

Ⅶ.that引起的从句

1320 由 that引起的主语从句常可用 it代替,而本身则移到句尾,作为it的同位语:

That he had succeeded pleased me very much.It pleased me very much that he had succeeded.

That he was killed is a serious matter.It is a serious matter that he was killed.

That he has done his best is clear.It is clear(that)he has done his best.(如果句子不长,that可以省略。)

The fact(or The circumstance)that he was killed was a serious matter.(that引起的从句前面常可放 the fact或the circumstance)

It is clear(or likely,certain)that he likes his job.

It would be better that he give up smoking(=He had better give up smoking).

It is rumoured(or said,learned,denied)that the premier decides to resign.

It is a pity that he should die so young.

It happened(or chanced,came about,developed,turned out)that the detective himself was the thief.

It came about that we had not enough money to pay the bill.

It seems(or appears,occurs) to me that she is a poet.

It struck me that I could be a lawyer.

He is poor,but it does not follow that he will cheat anyone.

It is not that A is an upright man,but that he has no chance to do evil.It may be that B is too hungry to do any good,but it cannot be that he is willing to do any evil.

It is(high) time that we started.

How is it that you know so much?How comes it(about) that you know so much?How come(=why) you know so much?

(It is)Some(Little,No)wonder(that) he failed.

(在用 wonder作补语时,it is可以省略。)

(It was)A wonder(that) he did not fall.What wonder (was it)that he falled?(= It was natural that he failed.)

It is said(or denied,rumoured)that the Mayor fell in love with Mary.The Mayor,it is said(or denied,rumoured),fell in love with Mary.(这两句意思几乎相同,但在第二句中不能用 that。)

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6024T1.bmp}

由that引起的从句用作名词及主语。注意连词that的图解方式。

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6024T2.bmp}

Ⅷ.疑问词引起的从句

1321 由疑问词引起的从句,和that引起的从句一样,可以由it代替:

How he could do it seemed a mystery.It seemed a mystery how he could do it.

Where he had escaped puzzled me.It puzzled me where he had escaped.What is it to me who he is?

It does not matter when you get married,but…

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6025T1.bmp}

连接词how和副词how都在这个图解中表示出来,但一个需加括号。

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6025T2.bmp}

Ⅸ.疑问词+不定式

1322疑问词引起的不定式,和连接词引起的从句一样,也可以用it代替:

How to escape seems to be a problem.It seems to be a problem,how to escape.

What to say puzzles me.It puzzles me what to say.

Whether or not to follow the policy depends upon circumstances.It depends upon circumstances.whether or not to follow the policy.

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6025T3.bmp}

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6026T1.bmp}

Ⅹ.术语和引语

1323 On is a preposition.Buy means“get by paying a price”.“Look before you leap is a famous proverb.“Honesty is the best policy”is a saying often ridiculed by people.

Ⅺ.介词短语

1324 From seven to seven is our store hours.From infancy to manhood is an important period.From here to there is a short distance.Good in the saddle is good for everything.(这样的短语用作主语时很少)

Ⅻ.省略

1325 (You)Sit down,please.(You)Wait a minute.(Do you) Like it?(You had)Better say no.(Are you)Feeling any better?(It)Seems to be impossible.(作主语时,有些代词有时省略。)

{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6027T1.bmp}

1.5种类型的谓语

1326 在一个完整的句子中,主语之外的部分称为谓语,共有5种类型的谓语。

第一类包含一个不及物动词(Ⅳ):

He came.

My wife cried.

第二类包含一个及物动词及其宾语(TV+O):

John likes me.

His uncle wrote letters.

第三类包含一个双宾动词、一个间接宾语和一个直接宾语(DV+IO+DO):

They teach me English.

I bought Mary sugar.

第四类包含一个系动词及主语补语(LV+C):

He is a teacher.

She looks sad.

第五类包含一个宾补动词、宾语及宾语补语(FV+O+C):

We made him king.

小学英语语法总结大全

小学英语语法大全 第一章?名?词? 一、定义? 名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它既可以表示具体的东西,也可以是表示抽象的东西。? 二、分类? 1.?名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词? 如:??a?? 是普通名词,是专有名词? 普通名词前可以用不定冠词,?定冠词?或不加冠词,专有名词前一般不加冠词,专有名词的首字母要大写。? 2.?普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词,其中个体名词与集体名词是可数名词,物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。? 3.?专有名词? 专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机

构、组织等的专有名词,多为独一无二的事物。? 三、名词的数? 1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。?可数名词——可以数的名词? 不可数名词——数不清(没有复数)???????????????? ????????????? 2、可数名词与不定冠词a()连用有数数形式,不可数名词不能与不定冠词a()连用,没有复数形式? 可数名词复数? ?不可数名词? ,??,?a???(?)?两者都可以修饰。? 3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰? 不可数名词??数词?+量词??+?名词? 对可数名词的数量提问用?? 对不可数名词的数量提问用???

4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法:? 1)?,???????????,???用等表示多少。?注意既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用的有:???????????等。? 如???????.瓶中有很多水。? i'?????.我要告诉你许多好消息。? ?????我们应该收集一些有用的消息。?2)?用单位词表示。? 用a?...??表示。? 如a???(一杯......),a???(一瓶......)? a???(一张......),a???(一双鞋)? 如???(两杯茶)???(五张纸)? 注意单位词后的动词单复数形式往往取决于单位词的单复数形式;千、百等数词与名词加用,表示复数时,数词仍保持单数,名词变复数。? 如??(200名学生)? ??(10000棵树)?

小学英语语法汇总

小学英语语法汇总(一)可数名词与不可数名词“分家” 一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别 普通名词所表示的人或事物是能够按个数计算的,这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体,如worker, farmer, desk, factory 等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物,如people, family 等)。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的,这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质,如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念,如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。 二、可数名词的家务事 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时,用单数形式;指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下:1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如: book → books room → rooms house → houses day → days 2. 以s, ss, ch, sh, x 结尾的名词,在词尾加-es 。如: bus → buses glass → glasses watch → watches dish → dishes box → boxes 3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词,要先将y改为i再加-es。如: city → cities body → bodies factory → factories等等。 4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词,要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如: half → halves leaf → leaves knife → knives wife → wives 5. 特例[悄悄话:特例常常考,要记住。] ① child → children ② man → men woman → women policeman → policemen (规律:man → men) ③ tomato → tomatoes potato → potatoes [悄悄话:初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es,其余的当然加-s喽!如:photo → photos ] ④ foot → feet tooth → teeth [悄悄话:oo变成ee。] ⑤ sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形[悄悄话:变复数时词形不变。] ⑥people单数形式表示复数意义,要求谓语动词用复数;people的复数形

小学英语语法大全(全套十八讲)

小学英语语法大全 第1讲字母 1、英语中共有26个字母。Aa,Ee,Ii,Oo,Uu是元音字母,Yy是半元音字母,其余是辅音字母。英语单词就是由这26个字母组合而成的。Aa和Ii可以独立成词,分别表示“一个(张……)”和“我”的意思,Ii翻译成“我”时要大写。 2、英语字母可以分为印刷体和书写体。在书、报、杂志上见到的一般都是印刷体。在四线三格上书写时应注意书写位置,可以记住以下口诀:大写字母不顶格,小写字母占满格。书写时还要注意字母的笔顺。 3、英语句子的第一个单词的首字母要大写。单词与单词之间在书写时必须保持适当的距离,一般以空出一个小写字母的宽度为宜。句子的末尾要有标点符号。 4、英语中的句号是一个实心圆点(.),省略号是三个居下的实心圆点(…),英语中没有顿号和书名号,顿号用逗号替代,书名用斜体字表示。 5、英语缩写词 PRC中华人民共和国UN 联合国 WHO 世界卫生组织NBA美国职业篮球联赛KFC 肯德基 IT 信息技术 EQ 情商 CCTV 中国中央电视台kg 千克 a.m. 上午USA 美国 HK 香港 WTO 世界贸易组织 CBA 中国男子篮球联赛 ATM 自动柜员机 ID 身份证 CPU 中央处理器 BBC 英国广播公司 cm 厘米 p.m. 下午 UK 英国 SOS 国际求救信号 UFO 不明飞行物 VIP 贵宾 EMS邮政特快专递 IQ 智商 RMB 人民币 VOA 美国之音 No. 号码 6

第2讲语音 1、音素:语音的最小单位。 2、元音:发音时气流不受阻碍。元音分为单元音和双元音两类。 单元音发音时唇形和舌位不变;双元音发音时由一个元音向另一个 元音滑动,唇形和舌位有一个变化过程,且前重后轻,前长后短。 3、辅音:发音时气流受到阻碍。辅音分为清辅音和浊辅音两类。 清辅音发音时声带不振动;浊辅音发音时声带振动。 4、音标:用来记录音素的符号。为了避免与字母混淆,音标被放在斜括号/ /内。 5、英语中的一个字母或字母组合在不同的单词中发音可能是不一样的,而相同的发音对应的字母或字母组合也可能不完全相同。 6、开音节:以元音字母结尾或以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母再加不发音的e结尾 (r除外)的音节。元音字母在开音节中读长音,即该字母的名称音。 闭音节:以一个或几个辅音字母(r除外)结尾。元音字母在闭音节中读短音。

小学英语语法汇总

小学最全英语语法汇总一、时态 1.一般现在时 (1)表示经常发生的动作或事情,通常用“usually 通常, often常常, every…每…, sometimes有时,always总是,”等词。 (2)基本结构: (3) 动词第三人称单数形式(同名词单数变成复数方法相同)

2.现在进行时, (1)表示正在发生的动作,通常用“now现在, look 看,linsen听”. (2)基本形式: be + 动词ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework. You/We/They are(not) reading. He/She/It is(not) eating. What are you doing Is he reading (3)动词的现在分词形式(动词+ing)

3. 一般过去时 (1)表示过去已经发生的事情,通常用“last …上一个…, just now刚才, a moment ago刚才,yesterday昨天”等词。 (2) be 动词的过去式: am/is—was are—were (3)过去式基本结构

(4)词过去式的变化:规则动词的变化: 不规则动词的变化: 原形过去 式 原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式 sweep swept t each taught have had go went keep kept think thought do did find found

sleep slept b uy bought eat ate say said feel felt drink drank is/am w as take took read read give gave are were mean meant put put sing sang drive d rove meet met cut cut begin began speak s poke make made let let ring rang write w rote see saw fly flew run ran ride rode come came draw drew sit sat hear heard tell told grow grew learn learned/ learnt get got know knew 4.一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。常常与tomorrow, next Sunday等时间状语连用。结构:be going to +动词原形或will +动词原形 例如:I’m going to visit my grandpa next week. 二、人称代词

小学英语语法大全-经典全面

小学英语语法大全经典全面 第2讲语音 1、音素:语音的最小单位。 英语中共有48个音素,其中元音音素20个,辅音音素28个。 /i:/,/?/,/?:/,/?/,/ɑ:/,//,/?:/,/?/ ,/u:/,/?/,/e/,/?/ /p/,/t/,/k/,/t/,/tr/,/ts/,/f/,/θ/,/s/,/ ∫/,/h/ 2、元音:发音时气流不受阻碍。元音分为单元音和双元音两类。 单元音发音时唇形和舌位不变;双元音发音时由一个元音向另 一个 元音滑动,唇形和舌位有一个变化过程,且前重后轻,前长后 短。

3、辅音:发音时气流受到阻碍。辅音分为清辅音和浊辅音两类。 清辅音发音时声带不振动;浊辅音发音时声带振动。 4、音标:用来记录音素的符号。为了避免与字母混淆,音标被放在斜括号/ /内。 5、英语中的一个字母或字母组合在不同的单词中发音可能是不一样的, 而相同的 发音对应的字母或字母组合也可能不完全相同。 6、开音节:以元音字母结尾或以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母再加不发 音的e结尾(r除外)的音节。元音字母在开音节中读长音, 即该字母的名称音。 闭音节:以一个或几个辅音字母(r除外)结尾。元音字母在闭音节中读短音。 // cup 第3讲名词 名词是指表示人和事物名称的词,可以分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。

1、专有名词:特定的人、地方、机构等专有的名称。第一个字母通常要大写。 . Jim Green, New York, Bank of China,Peking University 星期、月份、节日、学科、报刊名也是专有名词。 . Monday,May,Christmas,Spring Festival,Maths,China Daily 2、普通名词:表示一类人或物或抽象概念的名称。普通名词又可以分为四类: 个体名词——表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:student , desk 集体名词——表示若干个体组成的集合体,如:class , family 物质名词——表示无法分为个体的物质名称,如:water , rice , sand,hair 抽象名词——表示情感,状态,品质等抽象名称,如:love ,carelessness 个体名词和集体名词多数可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词,有单、复数形式; 物质名词和抽象名词通常无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词,一般只有一种形式。

(完整版)小学最全英语语法汇总

小学最全英语语法汇总 一、时态 1.一般现在时 (1)表示经常发生的动作或事情,通常用“usually 通常, often常常, every…每…, sometimes有时,always总是,”等词。 (2)基本结构: I / You / We / They He / She / It 肯定句动词原形动词第三人称单数形式否定句don’t + 动原doesn’t + 动原 一般疑问句(Yes/No) Do… ? Yes, I do. Does…(动词原 形)…?No,she doesn’t. 特殊疑问句What do …? How does she…(动词原 形)…? (3) 动词第三人称单数形式(同名词单数变成复数方法相同) 1 一般情况+s 如:walk-walks 2. 辅音字母+y结尾去y +ies f ly-flies 3. 结尾是 s, x, sh, ch +es watch-watches

4. 特殊的do-does ,have-has, go-goes 2.现在进行时, (1)表示正在发生的动作,通常用“now现在, look 看,linsen听”. (2)基本形式: be + 动词ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework. You/We/They are(not) reading. He/She/It is(not) eating. What are you doing? Is he reading? (3)动词的现在分词形式(动词+ing) 一般情况+ing walk—walking 结尾是不发音的 e -e + ing come—coming 重读闭音节双写最 后一个 字母 +ing run-running swim-swimming 3. 一般过去时 (1)表示过去已经发生的事情,通常用“last …上一个…, just now刚才, a moment ago刚才,

小学英语语法大全_经典全面1

小学英语语法大全经典全面 第1讲字母 第2讲语音 第3讲名词 第4讲冠词 第5讲代词 第6讲形容词 第7讲副词 第8讲介词 第9讲数词 第10讲连词 第11讲动词 第12讲一般现在时第13讲现在进行时第14讲一般过去时第15讲一般将来时第16讲句法 第17讲听力 第18讲话题 第19讲构词法 第20讲英美文化常识p.2 p.3 p.4~5 p.6 p.7~8 p.9 p.9 p.10~11 p.12 p.13 p.14 p.15 p.16 p.17 p.18 p.19~20 p.21 p.22~24 p.25 p.26

第1讲字母 1、英语中共有26个字母。Aa,Ee,Ii,Oo,Uu是元音字母,Yy是半元音字母,其余是辅音字母。英语单词就是由这26个字母组合而成的。Aa和Ii可以独立成词,分别表示“一个(张……)”和“我”的意思,Ii翻译成“我”时要大写。 2、英语字母可以分为印刷体和书写体。在书、报、杂志上见到的一般都是印刷体。在四线三格上书写时应注意书写位置,可以记住以下口诀:大写字母不顶格,小写字母占满格。书写时还要注意字母的笔顺。 3、英语句子的第一个单词的首字母要大写。单词与单词之间在书写时必须保持适当的距离,一般以空出一个小写字母的宽度为宜。句子的末尾要有标点符号。 4、英语中的句号是一个实心圆点(.),省略号是三个居下的实心圆点(…),英语中没有顿号和书名号,顿号用逗号替代,书名用斜体字表示。 5、英语缩写词 PRC中华人民共和国UN 联合国 WHO 世界卫生组织NBA美国职业篮球联赛KFC 肯德基 IT 信息技术 EQ 情商 CCTV 中国中央电视台kg 千克 a.m. 上午USA 美国 HK 香港 WTO 世界贸易组织 CBA 中国男子篮球联赛 ATM 自动柜员机 ID 身份证 CPU 中央处理器 BBC 英国广播公司 cm 厘米 p.m. 下午 UK 英国 SOS 国际求救信号 UFO 不明飞行物 VIP 贵宾 EMS邮政特快专递 IQ 智商 RMB 人民币 VOA 美国之音 No. 号码 6

小学英语语法大全(最新版)

小学英语语法大全 第一章 一、定义 名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它既可以表示具体的东西,也可以是表示抽象的东西。 二、分类 1. 名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词 如:john is a student student是普通名词,john是专有名词 普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an, 定冠词the 或不加冠词,专有名词前一般不加冠词,专有名词 的首字母要大写。 2. 普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词,其中个体名词与集体名词是 可数名词,物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。 3. 专有名词 专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词,多为独一无二的事物。 三、名词的数 1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词——可以数的名词 不可数名词——数不清(没有复数) drink?milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridge food?rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings 2、可数名词与不定冠词a(an)连用有数数形式,不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用,没有复数形式 many+可数名词复数 much/a little+不可数名词 some, any , a lot of (lots of) 两者都可以修饰。 3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰 不可数名词数词 +量词 +of + 名词 对可数名词的数量提问用how many 对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much 4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法: 1) some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of , plenty of 用等表示多少。 注意既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用的有:plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等。 如there is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。

小学1-6年级英语语法汇总表(最新修正本)

小学1-6年级英语语法汇总表(最新修正本) 大眼小状 17-10-1123:29 小学1-6年级英语语法汇总表 一、名词复数规则 1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3.以“辅音字母y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives Leaf——leaves 5.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, child-children foot-feet, tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 二、一般现在时 一般现在时基本用法介绍 【No. 1】一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 一般现在时的构成

1. be动词:主语be(am,is,are) 其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 2.行为动词:主语行为动词( 其它)。如:We study English.我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 【No. 2】一般现在时的变化 1. be动词的变化。 否定句:主语be not 其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句:Be 主语其它。 如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 非凡疑问句:疑问词一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike? 2.行为动词的变化。 否定句:主语don't( doesn't ) 动词原形( 其它)。如:I don't like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。如:He doesn't often play. 一般疑问句:Do( Does ) 主语动词原形其它。如: - Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如: - Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 动词s的变化规则 1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks 2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以“辅音字母y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies

人教版小学英语语法 大全

人教版小学英语语法整理大全(上) 第一章名词 一、定义:名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它既可以表示具体的东西,也可以是表示抽象的东西。 二、分类 1. 名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词 如:john is a student.? ?student是普通名词,john是专有名词 普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an, 定冠词the 或不加冠词,专有名词前一般不加冠词,专有名词的首字母要大写。 2. 普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词,其中个体名词与集体名词是可数名词,物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。 3. 专有名词:专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词,多为独一无二的事物。 三、名词的数 1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词——可以数的名词? ?不可数名词——数不清(没有复数) Drink:milk??tea??water??orange??juice??coke??coffee??porridge Food:rice??bread??meat??fish??fruit??cake??dumplings 2、可数名词与不定冠词a(an)连用有数数形式,不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用,没有复数形式many+可数名词复数??much/a little+不可数名词 some, any , a lot of (lots of) 两者都可以修饰。 3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰 不可数名词:数词+量词+of + 名词 对可数名词的数量提问用how many 对不可数名词的数量提问用how much 4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法: 1)some, much ,a little ,a lot of??,a bit of , plenty of 用等表示多少。 ※既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用的有:plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of??,most of 等。如there is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。 i'll tell you much good news.我要告诉你许多好消息。 we should collect some useful information我们应该收集一些有用的消息。 2)用单位词表示。 用a ... of 表示。 如 a cup of (一杯......),a bottle of (一瓶......) a piece of (一张......),a pair of shoes(一双鞋) 如two cups of tea(两杯茶),five pieces of paper(五张纸) ※单位词后的动词单复数形式往往取决于单位词的单复数形式;千、百等数词与名词加用,表示复数时,数词仍保持单数,名词变复数。 如two hundred students(200名学生) ten thousand trees(10000棵树) 测试点he caught a lot of fish他抓到了许多鱼(此处为许多条鱼,fish的复数仍为fish或fishes) =he caught a lot of fishes. the paper is about some fresh-water fishes.这篇论文是有关几种淡水鱼的。(此处fish表示不同种类的鱼,加复数词尾-es) 5、可数名词分为单数和复数。 名词单数就是该词本身,在其前面加a或an。 1)单数如a desk(一张桌子)an old desk(一张旧书桌) 2)复数:要表示一个以上概念时,要用名词复数形式

小学英语语法知识整理汇总

小学英语语法知识整理 汇总 Document serial number【KKGB-LBS98YT-BS8CB-BSUT-BST108】

六年级英语语法知识汇总 一、词类: 1、动词:行为动词、be动词、情态动 词。 (1)行为动词 原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing,具体判断方法如下: (2)be动词 a、Am--was Is --was Are--were 口诀:我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它,所有复数全用are。 b、肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He /She is(not) a teacher. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small. c、一般疑问句 Am I … Yes, you are. /No, you aren’t.. Are you/they… Yes,we/ they are. No,we/ they aren’t’. Is the cat fat Yes, it is. /No, it isn’t. is、am、are为一类,一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中。 was和were为另一类,一般用于一般过去时。 (3)情态动词 can、must、could、should、would、may。情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响) 情态动词,没有第三人称单数,所有的情态动词都是如此,情态动词不受人称和数的影响,即不管主语是什么人称它都不变,情态动词,后面只能加动词原型。

(1).专有名词和普通名词。 名词根据其意义可以分为专有名词和普通名词。 专有名词:表示特定的人或事物名称的词,专有名词词首的字母要大写。 如:中国:China;节日:Children‵s Day 儿童节 普通名词:凡不属于特定的人或事物名称的词叫普通名词。 (2).可数名词和不可数名词。 名词根据是否能够用数字来计算,可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。 (一)可数名词可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。单数名词一般情况下要与表示量的单词a(an)连用, 复数名词的复数形式变化有规则变化和不规则变化之分。 (二)不可数名词不可数名词指不可以用数字一个一个数出来的名词,它没有单复数之分,但可以借助a cup of;three pieces of等名词性短语来表示不可数名词的量。 这里强调两点:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is或者was。 回忆我们以前学习的不可数名词有: ①液体类:orange 橙汁; juice 果汁;soup 汤; water 水; coffee 咖啡;tea 茶; milk 牛奶; ②肉类: meat 肉; beef 牛肉;fish 鱼,鱼肉; pork 猪肉; chicken 鸡肉; ③数不尽:rice米; hair 头发; ④连成一片:bread 面包; paper 纸;glass 玻璃; ice冰; ⑤唯一的:world 世界; moon 月亮;

小学英语语法知识点汇总

小学英语语法知识点汇总 一、名词复数规则 1. 一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2. 以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4. 以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives 5. 不规则名词复数,如: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 二、一般现在时 1.一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作,也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。 2.一般现在时中,没有be动词和情态动词,主语为第三人称单数的肯定句,动词要按规则加上s,主语是非第三人称单数的肯定句,动词用原形。 3.在一般现在时中,句中有be动词或情态动词时,否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not,一般疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。 4.在一般现在时中,句中没有be动词或情态动词时,主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加does+not (doesn’t),一般疑问句在句首加does,句子中原有动词用原形;主语为非第三人称单数,否定句用do+not (don’t),一般疑问句在句首加do,句子中动词用原形。 动词+s的变化规则 1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks 2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies 三、现在进行时 1. 现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2. 现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing. 3. 现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。 4. 现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 动词加ing的变化规则 1. 一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking 2. 以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting 3. 如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:

语法 小学英语语法大全

语法小学英语语法大全 一、名词复数规则 1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds 2.以s。x。sh。ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches 3.以“辅音字母y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries 4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knives 〕 Leaf--leaves 5.不规则名词复数: man-menwoman-women policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen, child-children foot-feet,。tooth-teeth fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese 写出下列各词的复数 I _________him _________this ___________her ______ watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______ day_______ foot________ book_______ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____ peach______ sandwich ______dish_______bus_______ man______ woman_______ 二、一般现在时 一般现在时基本用法介绍

小学英语单词和语法大全

英语语法大全 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 (比较级and 比较级)表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易) 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道,伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…(直接接想要的东西)eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …………的起初;……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后;尽头;末尾eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心,自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原)能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视I should be allowed to watch TV 我 应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心;小心33 be different from……和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from = come from 来自eg :He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ? 37 be full of 装满……的be filled with 充满eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water

小学英语语法大全

小学英语语法大全 第一章名词 一、定义 名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它既可以表示具体的东西,也可以是表示抽象的东西。 二、分类 1. 名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词 如:john is a student student是普通名词,john是专有名词 普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an, 定冠词the 或不加冠词,专有名词前一般不加冠词,专有名词的首字母要大写。 2. 普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词,其中个体名词与集体名词是可数名词,物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。 3. 专有名词 专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词,多为独一无二的事物。 三、名词的数 1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词——可以数的名词 不可数名词——数不清(没有复数) drink?milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridge food?rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings 2、可数名词与不定冠词a(an)连用有数数形式,不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用,没有复数形式 many+可数名词复数 much/a little+不可数名词 some, any , a lot of (lots of) 两者都可以修饰。 3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰 不可数名词数词 +量词 +of + 名词 对可数名词的数量提问用how many 对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much 4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法: 1) some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of , plenty of 用等表示多少。 注意既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用的有:plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等。 如there is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。 i'll tell you much good news.我要告诉你许多好消息。

小学英语语法汇总.pdf

小学英语语法汇总 语法是从语言实践中归纳出来的起组织作用的规则,懂得了语法可以减少运用语言的盲目性,提高准确运用语言的能力。语法教学是小学阶段英语教学的难点与重点。NSE教材的编排涉及了四种基本时态:一般现在时、现在进行时、一般将来时、一般过去时,教材还涉及了其它语法,如:疑问句,一般疑问句和特殊疑问句及其答语;名词复数的变化;形容词的比较级;情态动词等。下面以每册教材为依据进行语法的汇总。 第一册:一般现在时(to be)表示经常性的动作,现在存在的情况或状态。 1.陈述句(肯定)陈述句是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。 I’m Sam. This is my mother. It’s a black dog. He’s a doctor. She’s a driver. 2.特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句归类 问“谁……”,“什么……”,“在哪里……”等这一类的问句叫做特殊疑问句。 这种问句以疑问词开头。 How are you? How many? How old are you? What’s your name? What’s this? Where’s the cat? 试题举例 三年级试题(第二册) Listen and choose.(听录音,根据图片选择正确答语,将序号填入括号里。) ( ) 2. A.They’s tigers. B.They’re monkeys. 隐形问句为:What are they? 读写部分:问句和答语分成两组连线,或者提供问句和2个被选答语进行选择。

1.How are you? A.I’m nine 2.How old are you? B.I’m fine,thank you. 1.How are you ? A.I’m nine. B.I’m fine,thank you 3.一般疑问句:试题举例 Ⅳ.Listen and draw faces .( 听音,与图片相符的画笑脸,不符的画哭脸。) 1. 1. Is it a kite ? Yes, it is. 2 2. Is it a bird? No,it isn’t. 4.祈使句:让学生明白向对方发出指令的表达方式。 在第三模块中出现的Sit down ,please. Stand up, please. Point to the window. Point to the door. 第二册:一般现在时(to do )—表示经常性的动作,现在存在的情况或状态。 1.陈述句的否定式: 如;第三模块的表示喜欢与不喜欢 I like football. I don’t like table tennis. 2.含有行为动词的一般疑问句表达方式: Do you like meat? Does he like bananas? 3.名词复数 They’re monkeys. 4.第三人称单数动词的变化 教师在根据情景用语言表述时引导学生发现总结 如:I go to school by bike. She goes to school by bus. 5.介词in,on ,under 的用法。

相关文档
相关文档 最新文档