语法结构图

语法网络图

一．名词

II. 名词的数：

1. 规则名词的复数形式：

名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。

3. of所有格的用法：

用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book

用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the fi rst-year students 用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed

二．冠词

冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。

三．代词：

II. 不定代词用法注意点：

1. one, some与any:

1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。

One shoul d learn to think of others.

Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks.

I have some questi ons to ask.

2) some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。

Woul d you like some bananas? Could you gi ve me some money?

3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。

I have read thi s arti cle i n some magazine. Pl ease correct the mistakes, i f any.

4) some和数词连用表示“大约”，any可与比较级连用表示程度。

There are some 3,000 students in thi s school. Do you feel any better today?

2. each和every:

each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。

Each student has a pocket di ctionary. / Each (of us) has a di ctionary. / W e each have a di cti onary.

Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak poi nts.

3. none和no：

no等于not any，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。There i s no water i n the bottl e.

How much water i s there in the bottl e? None.

None of the students are (i s) afrai d of di ffi culti es.

4. other和another:

1) other泛指“另外的，别的”常与其他词连用，如：the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way,

the other特指两者中的另外一个，复数为the others。如：

He hel d a book in one hand and hi s notes i n the other.

Two students i n our cl ass failed, but all the others passed the exam.

2) another指“又一个，另一个”无所指，复数形式是others，泛指“别的人或事”如：

I don’t li ke thi s shi rt, please show me another (one).

The trousers are too l ong, pl ease give me another pai r / some others.

Some like football, while others li ke basketball.

5. all和both, neither和ei ther

all表示不可数名词时，其谓语动词用单数。both和all加否定词表示部分否定，全部否定用neither和none.

All of the books are not wri tten i n Engli sh. / Not all of the books are wri tten in Engli sh.

Both of us are not teachers. / Not both of us are teachers. / Ei ther of us i s a teacher.

四．形容词和副词

I. 形容词：

1. 形容词的位置：

III. 形容词和副词比较等级：

形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。

1. 同级比较时常常用as…as…以及not so(as)…as…如：I am not so good a player as you are.

2. 可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a l ot, even, far, a bi t, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。

3. 表示一方随另一方变化时用“the more…the more…”句型。如：The harder you work, the more progress you will make.

4. 用比较级来表达最高级的意思。如：I have never spent a more worryi ng day.

5. 表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：

Our school i s three ti mes l arger than yours./Our school i s four ti mes as l arge as yours./Our school i s four times the size of yours.

6. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect。

五．介词

六．动词

I. 动词的时态：

1) 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况，但和现在有联系，强调的是对现在造成的影响或结果，它不能同表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“已经”等词。简言之，利用过去，说明现在。如：

I have al ready read the novel wri tten by the world-famous wri ter. (已经看过，且了解这本书的内容)

2) 一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，和现在无关，它可和表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“过”，“了”等词。简言之，仅谈过去，不关现在。如：

I read the novel last month. (只说明上个月看了，不涉及现在是否记住)

I li ved in Beiji ng for ten years.（只说明在北京住过十年，与现在无关）

3. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别：

两者都可以表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”，在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时，多用现在完成时，如着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性时，则多用现在完成进行时。一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于现在完成进行时。

I have read that book.我读过那本书了。

I have been readi ng that book all the morni ng. 我早上一直在读那本书。

七．情态动词

以must为例。must + do(be)是推测现在存在的一般状态进行；must + be doi ng 推测可能正在进行的事情；must +have done 是推测可能已经发生过的事情。

1. must“肯定，一定”语气强，只用于肯定句中。

He must be a man from Ameri ca. / He must be talki ng wi th hi s fri end. / H e must have al ready arrived there.

2. may和might“也许”，后者语气弱，更没有把握。可用于肯定句和否定句。

He may not be at home. / They mi ght have fini shed their task.

3. can和could“可能”，coul d表示可疑的可能性，不及can’t语气强，用于肯定、否定、疑问句中。

The weather i n that ci ty could be col d now.

We coul d have wal ked there; i t was so near.（推测某事本来可能发生，但实际上没有发生）

Can he be i n the offi ce now? No, he can’t be there, for I saw hi m in the library j us t now.(语气很强，常用于疑问句和否定句中)

III. 情态动词注意点：

1. can和be abl e to:都可以表示能力。但be abl e to可以表达“某事终于成功”，而can无法表达此意。B e able to有更多的时态。另外，两者不能重叠使用。

2. used to和woul d:used to表示过去常常做现在已经不再有的习惯，而would只表示过去的习惯或喜好，不涉及现在。

3. need和dare作情态动词和实义动词的区别：

两者作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句。其形式为：needn’t/daren’t do；Need/dare…do…?

做实义动词时可用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句。其形式为：need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared) to do, don’t(doesn’t/di dn’t) need/dare to do

八．非谓语动词

九．定语从句

I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，

十四。重要句型

1.It w as not until midnight that he fi ni shed hi s task.

2.Not until he came back from abroad w as I able to see hi m again.

3.The hard er you work, the greater p rogress you will make.

4.He wal ked around the house, gun in hand.

5.May you b e i n good health!

6.Wish you a pleasant j ourney back home!

7.The professor was a humorous man with bi g nose and deep-set eyes.

8.What surp rised me mos t was hi s i magi nati on and pati ence.

9.He l ay on the grass, w ith his eyes looking at the sky and his hand s und er his head.

10.Sitting und er the tree are Mr. Green and hi s fi rst teacher.

11.On the w all hang two pi ctures of famous scienti sts.

12.Looking b ack up on those past years, he could n’t help feeling very proud.

13.No sooner(H ard ly) had he arrived at the theatre than(when) the play started.

14.Y oung as he is, he has learned advanced mathemati cs.

15.How I regret the hours wasted i n the woods and fi elds!

16.There stand s a beauti ful vase in the corner of the room.

17.T en miles north of the tow n lies a paper factory.

18.There goes the bell.

19.Nowhere has the world ever seen such a bi rd as here.

20.It is no use cryi ng for hel p.

21.If only I had been your student i n the mi ddle school!

22.It is b elieved that such a thing will not happen again.

23.Only when he expl ained di d I realize the reason for thi s.

24.“He works parti cul arly hard.” “So he d oes, and so d o you.”

25.Not only Alice b ut also Jane and Mary are tired of having one examinati on after another.

26.Such was Al bert Ei nstein, a si mple person of great achi evements.

十五。动词搭配

1. add to增加，增进

add … to把…加进…

add up相加

add up to总计，所有这一切说明

1) I don't thi nk these facts will ________ anythi ng.

2) Fi fty new books have been ________ the library.

3) The musi c _________ our enjoyment of the film.

4) Y ou must have made a mi stake when you _______ the bill ________.

( add up to, added to, add to, added…up )

2. break away from打破，脱离，挣脱，改掉

break down出毛病，身体(精神)衰弱，分解，拆开break off暂停，中断

break in强行进入，插话

break into闯入

break i nto pieces成为碎片

break out爆发

break up捣碎，驱散，瓦解，学期结束，拆散

break through突破

1) The cri minal managed to break _______ ______ the poli ce and ran i nto the woods.

2) When he heard the news, he broke _______ and cri ed.

3) Don't break ________ while others are speaki ng.

4) Why don't you break ________ for a few mi nutes and have some coffee?

5) When does school break ________?

6) A fter harvest we break _________ the soil wi th a tool pulled by two oxen.

( away from, down, i n, off, up, up )

3. bring up抚养，呕吐，提出

bri ng about造成

bri ng out拿出，出版

bri ng i n引入，引进，挣钱

bri ng back使回想起

bri ng down使下降，使倒下

1) The shopkeeper brought hi s pri ce _________ to onl y fi ve dollars.

2) The school has brought _________ new forei gn teachers to teach oral English.

3) The song brought ___________ happy memori es of our school days.

4) Do you know what brought ___________ thi s mi sunderstandi ng?

5) The ki nd ol d man agreed to bri ng __________ the young orphan.

6) W e deci ded to bring the matter ___ at the next meeting.

7) The wi nd brought _______ a l ot of trees last ni ght.

8) Next month they will bring ________ a new editi on of the book.

( down, in, back, about, up, up, down, out )

4. call on号召，拜访（某人）

call at拜访、参观（某地）

call for去叫某人, 要求, 需要

call up使回忆起, 征召入伍

call i n召集，请某人来

call out大喊，高叫

call off取消，不举行

1) Doctors are often called _____ in the middle of the war.

2) Please wai t for me at home. I'll call _______ you at your house at seven tonight.

3) The trai ns call s _______ several bi g ci ties between Beijing and Guangzhou.

4) He call ed her name __________, but she didn't answer.

5) The sports meet was called ____ on account of the rai n. ( i n, for, at, out, off)

5. come about发生，出现

come down下跌，落，降，传下来

come in进来

come i nto (si ght/being/exi stence/use/noti ce/effect)

come on来临/快点

come out出版，结果是

come along一道来，赶快

come to达到(an end/an agreement/a stop)苏醒，合计，总共是

come over走过来

come up发芽，走近

come across偶然碰到

come back回想起

come from来自，源自

1) I come _________ the book I lent you l ast month.

2) How di d it come _________ that you both got lost? I thought you had a map.

3) It suddenly came _________ to me where I had seen the boy before.

4) Come __________ now, or el se we shall be l ate.

5) He came __________ me like a ti ger.

6) The pri ce of petrol has come _________ si nce the beginni ng of thi s year.

7) The word came __________ use many years ago.

8) When the examination result came _________, he had already got a job.

9)The bill came __________ over a thousand dollars.

10) I so wed the seeds over a month ago, but they haven't come __________ yet.

( for, about, back, on, at, down, i nto, out, to, up )

6. cut across抄近路

cut down砍倒，削减

cut off切断，割掉，断绝关系

cut up连根拔除，切碎

through剪断，凿穿

cut out删（省）掉，戒掉

cut i n插嘴

1) Don't cut ___ thi s tree. It will be very shady in summer.

2) Y ou must cut ________ the number of cigarettes you smoke, or i t will cause illness.

3) W e deci ded to cut _________ the moor（旷野）to the village.

4) Cutti ng the tree ____ means cutti ng the tree into pieces.

5) The electri ci ty was cut ___________ when the lady refused to pay the bill.

6) W e were having a pleasant conversati on when Tom cut __________.

（down, down, across, up, off, i n ）

7. die of (di sease/hunger/gri ef/ol d age)死于（疾病，饥饿，寒冷，情感原因）

die from死于（意外事故、情形）

die away渐渐消逝

die out绝种

die down(炉火)渐熄

die off逐一死去

8. fall behi nd落后

fall over one's feet 跌跤

fall down掉下，跌倒

fall back撤退，后退

1) Babies often fall _____ when they are l earning to walk.

2) Our team seems to have fallen __________ the others.

3) A s soon as the enemies fell__________, the peopl e returned to thei r village.

4) She fell__________ the bench and had her leg broken. （down, behi nd, back, over ）

9. go i n for从事，喜爱，参加

go through通过，经受

go over复习，检查

go up（价格）上涨，建造起来

go after追捕，追赶

go against违反

go ahead先行，开始吧，问吧，说吧

go away离开

go by时间过去

go down下沉，降低，（日、月）西沉

go on(wi th)继续进行

go wi th相配，陪同

go wi thout没有，缺少

go out外出，熄灭

go all out全力以赴

go off爆炸，进行，变坏，断电，停止供应

go back on背约，食言

go beyond超出

1) Many new factories have gone __ in the past few years.

2) Rents have gone __________ greatl y recently.

3) Many years have gone ___________ si nce we fi rst met.

4) Let's conti nue our j ourney until the sun goes _______.

5) Hi s actions went ___________ the will of the peopl e,

6) I can't do i t, for i t goes ___________ my duty.

7) Over 100 students went ____________ thi s entrance exami nati on.

8) The bomb went ____________ and killed ten people.

9) The buyer went ___________ the car carefully before reachi ng a deci sion.

10) Thi s tie doesn't go ___________ my blue shi rt.

11) If you think you can sol ve the problem, go ______.

12) Many students went __________ playing basketball. (up, up, by, down, agai nst, beyond, through, off, over, wi th, ahead, i n for )

10. get down下来，记下，使沮丧

get down to致力于，专心于

get on进展，进步，穿上，上车

get off脱下,下车

get i n收集，插（话）

get away逃跑，逃脱，去休假

get over忘记，越过，克服，从疾病中恢复

get along wi th进展，相处

get up起床

get through打通电话，完成，通过

get round消息传开

get close to sth. 接近，几乎

get i nto (troubl e)

get to (know)

get back取回，收回

get out

1) She spoke so fast that I coul dn't get ____ what he said.

2) W e will find ways to get _________ di ffi cul ti es.

3) The story has got __________, and everyone knows about i t.

4) When I get _________ wi th the report, I'll go to the ci nema.

5) A fter a deli cious meal the two men got __________ to busi ness.

6) Don't al ways get __________ a word when others are

speaking.

7) It took me a l ong ti me to get ___________ such an unpleasant experience.

(down, over, round, through, down, i n, over)

11. gi ve away赠送，泄露，出卖

give out发出，疲劳，分发，公布

give off发出（光、热、气体）

give in (to sb.) 屈服

give up放弃，让（座位）

1) Hi s accent at last gave him __________.

2) The liquid gave ________ a strong smell.

3) The headmaster gave ___________ the names of the prize-wi nners.

4) The soldi ers gave _________ the town to the enemies.

5) Who will help me to gi ve the books ___________?

6) Don't believe in those who gi ve hi s friends ________.

7) A fter a l ong walk, my strength gave ____________.

(away, off, out, up, out, away, out)

12. hand i n交上，提交

hand out分发

hand down流传，遗传

13. hang about闲逛

hang up挂电话

14. hol d back阻止，隐瞒

hol d up举起，使停顿

hol d on别挂电话，等，坚持

hol d out持续，坚持，伸出

hol d down控制，镇压

1) I'm sure he i s holdi ng something _________.

2) She managed to hol d ______ her emoti on until her guests had l eft. Then she cri ed.

3) Tell hi m to hol d ________ a moment. I'll come soon.

4) Our food suppl y won't hol d _________ for more than

a few days.

5) The trai n was held ________ as a resul t of the fl oods.

6) These measures helped to hold ___________ the ci ty's population.

7) Hol d ___________ your left arm, please.

(back, back, on, out, up, down, up)

15. keep up (courage, Engli sh, spi ri ts)保持，

keep up with跟上

keep off (grass)不接近，离开

keep away from避开，不接近，离…远远的

keep out of

keep to (rules, promi se)坚持，遵守

keep on继续，坚持下来

keep back阻止，留下，隐瞒，扣下

keep from克制，阻止

1) The angry lady tol d the strangers to keep ________ from her.

2) I can hardl y keep ________ my tears after hearing hi s words.

3) Onl y pride kept her __________ bursting i nto tears.

4) I can scarcel y keep __________ aski ng hi m what he has done.

5) "Don't touch me,"screamed the woman, "Keep __________!"

6) Keep _________ until you succeed.

7) Keep _________ your courage, and you'll succeed i n the end.

8) The thi ck coat can keep the cold ___________.

9) Al ways try to keep ___________ the rules when you play a game.

10) I can't keep ________ with everythi ng you're doing.

(away, back, from, from, off, on, up, out, to, up)

16. knock at/on敲

knock i nto撞到某人身上

knock down撞倒

knock out of把…敲出

knock over撞倒

knock off停止工作，休息

1) The boxer soon knocked hi s opponent _________.

2) The offi ce stuff knocks _________ at si x every day.

3) Try knocki ng __________ the wi ndow and see i f there i s anyone indoors.

4) H e was so absorbed in hi s book that he knocked __________ the car parked there.

(down, off, on, i nto)

17. leave for离开前往

leave out删去，遗漏

leave behi nd遗留,忘记拿走

leave to留给，遗嘱赠于

leave over遗留，剩下，延期

1) "Whose name has been l eft __________?" demanded the teacher.

2) When he died, he l eft all hi s property _____ hi s niece.

3) He suddenly reali zed that he had l eft hi s umbrell a ___________.

4) Don't leave thi s matter _________ until tomorrow.

5) Leave some meat ___________ for tomorrow.

6) Those are questions l eft _________ by hi story.

(out, to, behind, over, over, over)

18. look up查找，向上看

l ook through翻阅，浏览

l ook on旁观

l ook on…as看作

l ook i nto调查

l ook after/ at / for 照顾/看/寻找

l ook out(for)当心

l ook about / around/round四下查看

l ook down upon瞧不起

l ook back upon回忆，回顾

l ook ab. up and down仔细打量某人

look ab i n the face/eyes直视某人

1) I spent two hours l ooki ng ______ the students' papers.

2)Look _______! There i s a bi g hol e in front.

3) H e took part in the game, and the rest of us just l ooked ______ and cheered for him.

4) The ol d man l ooked _____ upon the days of hi s youth.

5) She was so snobbi sh（势利）that she l ooked __________ upon all hi s neighbours.

6) The poli ce promi sed to l ook __________ the case as soon as possi ble.

7) H e looked __________ but saw nobody, and he listened but hear nothi ng.

(through, out, on, back, down, i nto, about/around/round) 19. make up编造，配制，打扮，组成

make up for弥补

make into / of / from 制成

make out弄懂，发现，看出,填写，开列（清单）

make for走向，驶往，促使

1) Can you make thi s l ength of cl oth __________ a sui t?

2) I asked the dri ver i f he was maki ng ___________ London?

3) My father made __________ a check for me to buy the camera.

4) W e must make the l oss _________ next week./ H e tried hard to make ________ for

the damage he had done.

5) H e made __________ a story, whi ch I found hard to believe.

6) Someone i s comi ng, but I can't make ___________ who i t i s.

(i nto, for, out, up/up, up, out)

20. pass away去世

pass by经过

pass down(on)…to传给

pass through经历

pass over漠视，忽视

1) The ol d cl ock has been passed ________ to me from my grandfather's grandfather.

2) The man passed ___________ last week in peace.

3) W e are passi ng ____________ di ffi cul t times.

4) The secretary passed ___________ the detail s i n the fi rst part of hi s report.

(down, away, through, over)

21. pay back还钱，报复

pay for付钱，为…受到惩罚，因…得到报应

pay off还清

1) How much di d you pay __________ the di ctionary?

2) Y ou should pay _________ the money you borrowed from me.

3) I'll pay him ____________ for all hi s cri mes(罪行) against me.

4) Some day, you'll pay __________ what you have done today.

5) Has she pay ____________ the debt yet?

（for, back, back, for, off）

22. pi ck up拾起，获得(i nformati on)，接人，站起，收听，自然习得(l anguage

/knowl edge)，恢复重获(pi ck up health) pi ck out挑选，辨认，看出

1) I pi cked the informati on __________ while wai ting i n the queue.

2) My fri end has arranged to pi ck me _________ at 6:00.

3) The patient has pi cked _________ health during the last two weeks.

4) She pi cked _______ the most expensive pai r of shoes.

5) I can't pi ck John ___________ i n the crowd.

6) Can I pi ck __________ VOA wi th thi s short-wave radi o?

7) He fell down suddenly, but pi cked hi msel f ___________ qui ckl y.

(up, up, up, out, out, up, up)

pi ck cotton/fl ower/l eaves/words选词

23. put up搭起，张贴，举起，安装，投宿，安排住下

put up wi th忍受

put out伸出，扑灭

put off推迟

put i nto放进，翻译

put away放好，存钱

put down记下，平息

put on穿戴，上映，增加(put on weight/speed)

put forward 提出，提前

put through 接通电话

put asi de放到一边

put back放回

1) He put _________ hal f hi s wage every week.

2) The government soon put __________ the revol t（暴乱）.

3) Put your watch __________. It's sl ow.

4) He put __________ hi s hand for me to shake.

5). Please put me __________ to Extensi on（分机）2.

6) W e put ___________ for ni ght at the village i nn.

7) He i s very proud, and he often put _________ airs.（摆架子）

8) W e had a telephone put _____________ i n our offi ce.

9) I can't put __________ wi th your laziness.

(away, down, forward, out, through, up, on, up, up)

24. pull down拆掉，推翻pull on匆匆穿上/ off 脱

pull i n进站pull out取出,(火车)离站pull down往下拉,拆毁pull over驶到一边

pull through恢复健康,渡过难关,脱离险境pull up （使）停住

1) The train sl owl y pulled __________ and di sappeared in the di stance.

2) All the ol d houses here have now been pulled ______, and new ones are to be built.

3) The car pulled _________ when I bl ew the horn.

4) The doctor thinks the man will pull __________.

5) The dri ver pulled ________ at the traffi c lights.

(out, down, over, through, up)

25. push over推倒，刮倒

push ahead(on, forward)继续前进，坚持下去

push through排除困难办好谋事，努力设法通过，挤过

1) W e've deci ded to push __________ wi th our pl an to buil d a new road

2) Many trees were pushed __________ i n the hurri cane.

3) They were determi ned to push the new rul es ________ at any cost..

4) Take care not to push the baby _________.

5) They pushed ___________ the crowd and at l ast reached us.

(on, over, through, over, through )

26. run across偶然碰到run after追逐，追捕

run away逃跑run for竞选

run into偶然碰到（困难）遇见（人），相撞

run out of用完

1) If you drive so fast, you'll run _________ someone some day.

2) I ran __________ a fri end of mi ne i n the exhi biti on.

3) Our water has run __________. Can you fill up some more bottl es?

4) Why do you al ways run __________ adventure?

5) H e didn't want to run ___________ presi dent that year.

6) In that way you will only run __________ di ffi cul ties.

( i nto, across/into, out, after, for, i nto)

27. see off送行

see through看透，识破

see to照料，照管

28. send for派人去请

send off送行

send out发出（光亮）等

send up发射

29. set up建立

set off出发，触发，引起

set out动身，着手(to do)，陈述

set about开始着手(doi ng)

set to work(n.)开始做

set back拨回，使推迟

1) I shall set my watch ___________ by five minutes.

2) W e set __________ readi ng the text aloud immediatel y the bell rang.

3) W e set _________ at daybreak yesterday and we've been travelling ever si nce then.

4) I set __________ to advi se hi m not to drink.

5) What were the reasons he set ___________ in hi s report?

6) The presi dent set __________ a special group of soldi ers to guard hi m.

7) The unpopular l aw set _________ a series of protests.（抗议）

(back, about, off/out, out, out, up, off)

30. take off脱掉，起飞take on呈现雇佣

take away拿走take i n吸收，领会

take up从事，占用（时间空间）

take down记录，取下take back收回

take for误认为take along随身带

take over接管take out

1) I take _________ all I said about hi s di shonesty.

2) He went to the shelf and took __________ a book of poems.

3) A t fi rst I took him _________ a doctor.

4) I can see that most of you have taken ________ everything that the teacher taught.

5) Bill has now taken __________ hi s father's busi ness.

6) My j ob takes __________ most of my time.

7) The boss took ____________ twenty peopl e for hi s new company.

(back, down, for, i n, over, up, on)

take charge of负责, take sth. for granted想当然, take hol d of抓住, take pride in以… ……为自豪, take the pl ace of, 代替take turns to do轮流做, take offi ce就职

31. thi nk of想起think of…as把…看作

thi nk out想出think up想出

thi nk about考虑thi nk over仔细考虑

thi nk well of sb. 对某人看法好

32. turn off / on打开

turn over翻身，反复考虑，翻（书页），翻转

turn out证明为，结果，制造成品

turn to转向，求助

turn down调低，拒绝

turn agai nst变得敌视，反对

turn away打发走，驱逐，转过脸去

turn back返回，转回去

turn round转过身来

turn up向上翻，露面，出现，音量调大

turn i n上缴

turn upsi de down把倒置，弄得乱七八糟

1) The child turned __________ i ts mother for comfort.

2) Turn ___________ and l et me see your face.

3) However much he turned the problem ________ i n

mind, he could fi nd no sati sfactory sol ution.

4) The Engli sh eveni ng party turned _________ a great success.

5) The si ght of the acci dent was too much for her to bear, and she turned _______.

6) The football stadi um was full, and many people had to be turned __________.

7) The army turned hi m ___________ on account of (因为) hi s poor health.

8) She turned the whol e house ___________ i n her search for her mi ssi ng purse.

9) Where di d your purse turn ____________? I found i t in the snow.

10) The villagers suddenl y turned __________ the forei gners who li ved nearby.

11) The factory turns ____________ 2000 new cars l ast year.

(to, round, over, out, away, away, down, upsi de down, up, against, out)