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2013.6四级考前冲刺试题一

Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled To Buy Books Online or in Bookstore? following the outline given below. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

1. 有的人喜欢在网上书店买书

2. 有的人却喜欢去传统书店买书

3. 你的看法

To Buy Books Online or in Bookstore?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________ Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four

choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the

information given in the passage.

Even Google won’t be around for ever, let alone Facebook

In the world of internet technology a company can go from zero to hero in a very short time

Some years ago, when the Google Books project, which aims to digitise all of the world’s printed books, was getting under way, the two co-founders of Google were having a meeting with the librarian of one of the universities that had signed up for the plan. At one point in the conversation, the Google boys noticed that their collaborator had suddenly gone rather quiet. One of them asked him what was the matter. “Well”, he replied, “I’m wondering what happens to all this stuff when Google no longer exists.” Recounting the conversation to me later, he said: “I’ve

never seen two young people looking so stunned (震惊的): the idea that Google might not exist one day had never crossed their minds.”

And yet, of course, the librarian was right. He had to think about the next 400 years. But the number of commercial companies that are more than a century old is vanishingly small. Entrusting the world’s literary heritage to such transient (短暂的) organisations might not be entirely wise.

Compared with my librarian friend, we have the attention span of newts. We are constantly overawed(使敬畏) by the size, wealth and dominance of whatever happens to be the current corporate giant. At the moment, the four leading monsters are Apple, Google, Facebook and Amazon. Yet 18 years ago, Apple was weeks away from extinction, Amazon had just launched, Google was still three years away from incorporation and Facebook lay nine years into the future.

At one level, all this proves is that in the technology world one can go from zero to hero is a very short time. (Or, in Apple’s case, from hero to zero and back to hero again in 36 years). Some of the industry’s greatest executives understood this very well. Andy Grove, for instance, who led Intel for 11 years, was famous for his mantra “Only the paranoid survive”. For many years—when he led Microsoft and before he embarked on saving the world—Bill Gates appeared to have the same sentiment tattooed on his forehead. And in both cases they turned out to be right: though Intel and Microsoft are still significant companies, their dominance has ended. The processors that dominate the market for mobile devices are designed by ARM, a Cambridge company, not by Intel; and Microsoft’s monopolistic (垄断的) grip on the desktop computing market turned out to be a wasting asset.

We understand pretty well the factors that determine the fortunes of companies that make things people buy—which is why, for example, one can predict that Apple won’t be able indefinitely to sustain its huge profit margins on its iDevices. Likewise, it’s pretty easy to predict where Amazon is headed: it aims to be the Walmart of the web, and is therefore likely to be around for quite a while. Google has a well understood and currently profitable business model and a huge technical infrastructure but ultimately is vulnerable(难防御的) to a well-resourced competitor armed with better search technology.

This leaves Facebook, a company that has one billion products (called users) and earns its living by selling information about them to advertisers. Given that holders of Facebook accounts don’t pay for the service—and are therefore free to depart at any point—you’d have thought that its long-term durability would be questionable. And yet lots of informed and canny(精明的) investors disagree. They appear to regard the company as a sure-fire bet.

The two key factors that will determine Facebook’s future are the power of network effects and the “stickiness” of its service—ie, the extent to which it can dissuade users from leaving. A network effect comes into play when the value of a product or service is dependent on the number of people using it. A telephone network with a million subscribers is infinitely more valuable then one with only 10. In technological ecosystems, network effects are very powerful: they explain, for example, how Microsoft came to dominate the market for desktop operating and office systems.

In the early days of online social networking there were a range of different, incompatible (不兼容的) networks—Friendster, Orkut, MySpace and Facebook. But, over time, Facebook won out by attracting more users and growing more quickly than the others. And the more quickly it grew, the more powerful the network effect became, with the result that it is now the de facto (实际上存在的) standard for social networking. In fact, it is now so dominant that millions of people around the world think that Facebook is the internet.

If you put your faith in network effects, therefore, Facebook looks like a good investment because it’ll be around for the long term. If people want to do social networking, then it’ll be the only game in town. Facebook users will constitute a captive market and will be correspondingly exploited. And the company will be regulated as a monopoly.

Which is where “stickiness” comes in. How much exploitation will users tolerate bef ore they decide to quit? We know a lot about network effects but relatively little about this, which is why a new study by three scientists at the Swiss university ETH Zurich makes interesting reading. They examined several social networking services, seeking to identify what makes them resilient and what could cause them to decline. And they performed an empirical autopsy on a failed service—Friendster—using data gathered just before it closed. The key determinants of success or failure were (i) the average number of friends that users have and (ii) whether the difficulty of using the site comes to outweigh the perceived benefits. Facebook is doing OK on the first of these criteria but—in my experience—becoming increasingly vulnerable on the second as the company tries to “monetise (货币化)” its users. If Mark Zuckerberg’s empire can’t square this circle then not even the power of network effects will save it in the long run.

1. When the librarian mentioned that Google might not exist one day, the two founder of the company ______.

A) had expected the problem

B) made a quick angry reply

C) were extremely surprised

D) looked very frightened

2. What does the author say about today’s commercial companies?

A) Some of them will grow into corporate giants.

B) They are doomed to failure from the start.

C) They can help protect the literary heritage.

D) Most of them were founded not long ago.

3. According to the passage, what happened to Apple 18 years ago?

A) It got very close to bankruptcy.

B) It merged with a large company.

C) It gained dominance in the market.

D) It had just been established in the US.

4. Some of the greatest executives knew well that in the technology world ______.

A) nobody will be able to reproduce the success of Apple

B) it will take quite a long time for a company to expand

C) only through innovation can one achieve continued success

D) a company can go from zero to hero in a very short time

5. What is the fortune of Amazon according to the author’s analysis?

A) It will take the place of Walmart.

B) It will exist for a fairly long time.

C) It may be taken over by its rival.

D) It may lose the leading position soon.

6. How do informed and clever investors see Facebook?

A) Its business model is wrong in some way.

B) It is a worthwhile investment in the long run.

C) It is unlikely to profit by providing free services.

D) It should be invested only in the short term.

7. The example of Microsoft’s gaining dominance in the desktop operating system shows that ______.

A) free services are a big advantage

B) technological updates are necessary

C) network effects are very powerful

D) the user number is not important

8. In fact, the effect of Facebook became so powerful that it is now the standard for __________________________.

9. Facebook seems a good investment to those who __________________________ network effects.

10. According to the author, Facebook becomes __________________________ on the second of the criteria for deciding a social network’s success or failure.

Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the

conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be

a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and

decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2

with a single line through the centre.

11. A) He read the newspaper. C) He listened to a radio report.

B) He read the cabinet report. D) His secretary telephoned him.

12. A) Lower the rent of his apartment. C) Rent his apartment to the local newspaper.

B) Put an advertisement in a newspaper. D) Find a potential renter during the in-season.

13. A) To have a rest. C) To take cold drugs.

B) To see a doctor. D) To listen carefully.

14. A) She will treat the man tonight.

B) She’d like to lend money to the man.

C) The man will also have lots of money soon.

D) The man shouldn’t have spent all his money.

15. A) The company will beat other companies in business.

B) The failure of the football team was just as expected.

C) The company will not sponsor the football team.

D) The football team fell short of the company’s expectations.

16. A) They are short of hands. C) They will not hire more people.

B) The man needs more chances. D) The man will have a chance to take a holiday.

17. A) Results of genetic research. C) The way to get the blood sample.

B) The blood sample collection. D) Religious concern about genetic research.

18. A) He has no choice but to go home in a minute.

B) He is unable to have a drink with the woman.

C) He’ll join the woman after the report is finished.

D) He’s very happy to accept the woman’s invitation.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A) To ask for help finding a job.

B) To ask him to give her some advice.

C) To invite him to go shopping with her later.

D) To find out what he’s doing during the summer.

20. A) She might get a good job later.

B) She could stay at a hotel at a discount.

C) She might be able to get course credits for her work.

D) It would give her a chance to make a lot of money immediately.

21. A) Its strictness about punctuality. C) Its expensive rent.

B) Its long-hour work. D) Its lower pay.

22. A) Visit the hotel. C) Continue her job search for a while.

B) Work in the clothing store. D) Make extra money while taking classes.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

23. A) The agents failed to deliver the wine.

B) The consumers are not satisfied with the wine.

C) The wine isn’t of the same brand as she ordered.

D) The goods can’t get through the customs.

24. A) Sometimes they are unreliable. C) On the whole they can be trusted.

B) Obviously they have made a mistake. D) Generally speaking, they are very helpful.

25. A) To ask the switchboard operator to take the message.

B) To have the operator connect him to another office.

C) To tell his forwarding agents to investigate the stuck goods.

D) To send her enough amount of wine as quickly as possible.

Section B

Directions:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and questions will be spoken only once.

After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices

marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2

with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. A) He told no one about his disease.

B) He worked hard to pay for his medication.

C) He depended on the nurses in his final days.

D) He had stayed in the hospital since he fell ill.

27. A) She wanted to obey her mother.

B) She found no one willing to listen to her.

C) She thought it was shameful to have AIDS.

D) She was afraid of being looked down upon.

28. A) To remember her father.

B) To draw people’s attention to AIDS.

C) To show how little people knew about AIDS.

D) To tell people about the sufferings of her father.

Passage Two

Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.

29. A) Your eyesight. C) The mechanical condition of your car.

B) Your driving ability. D) Your knowledge of traffic regulations.

30. A) To practice driving with an experienced driver.

B) To drive under normal highway condition.

C) To have the car checked by the license officer.

D) To use it as an identification card.

31. A) The license office provides the test vehicle.

B) The examiner shows how to start, stop or park.

C) The examiner watches you driving in your car.

D) The test is carried out where there is little traffic.

32. A) Drivers-to-be. C) License examiners.

B) Traffic regulation makers. D) Policemen.

Passage Three

Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

33. A) She felt tired of taking care of patients.

B) She had suffered a lot of mental pressure.

C) She needed the right time to look after her children.

D) She wanted to earn more money to support her family.

34. A) They look like people raising pigs. C) They never do their work carefully.

B) They look down upon cleaners. D) They always make a mess in their offices.

35. A) Light-hearted because of her fellow workers.

B) Happy because the building is fully lit.

C) Tired because of the heavy workload.

D) Bored because time passed slowly.

Section C

Directions:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the

second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact

words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in

the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have

just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is

read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

Many businesses, such as department stores, restaurants, hotels and airline companies, use a credit system for selling their products and (36) _________. In a credit system, the seller (37) _________ to sell something to the buyer without (38) _________ receiving cash. The buyer (39) _________ the goods or services immediately and (40) _________ to pay for them later. This “buy-now-pay-later”credit system is quite old. People have been buying things on credit for centuries. But (41) _________ people use credit cards. There are two types of credit cards. One type is (42) _________ directly by a store to a customer. Many large department stores issue credit cards to their customers. The store credit card can be used to make (43) _________ only at a particular store. The other kind of credit card is issued by a credit company. (44) ___________________________________________________________________. If you have a major credit card, you can buy airplane ticket, stay at hotels, and eat at restaurants with it. (45) ___________________________________________________________________. So if you want a credit card from a credit company, you generally have to make an application at a bank. (46) ___________________________________________________________________.

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

Section A

Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the

passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is

identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer

Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the

bank more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

Women’s Day marks the role of women in both the past and the present. It was start ed to 47 the importance of working women and bring their problems to 48 . However, 49 the day is not

a one-day agenda. The real challenge lies in the natural flow of feelings — honoring and celebrating womanhood on a particular March 8 only to forget its importance the next day is 50 . In countries like South Africa, the people celebrate the national Women’s Day on 9 August every year with a variety of events. Women’s Day on 9 August marks the day, in 1956, when 20,000 women 51 on the Union Buildings in Pretoria to protest against one of the cornerstones of apartheid — the passed laws. The countries will nowadays celebrate the month of August, by a ceremony 52 women in politics and decision-making positions, and awarding them certificates of honor. International Women’s Day was 53 in the United States during the 1910s and 1920s, but then 54 . It was revived during the women’s movement in the 1960s, but without its socialist associations. In 1981, the U.S. Congress passed a 55 establishing Natio nal Women’s History Week. Since its founding, the National Women’s History Project has recognized and celebrated the rich and 56 contributions of women to the history and culture of the United States.

Section B

Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).

You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet

2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.

Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.

But snap decisions in reaction to rapid s timuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing. Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.

Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners

are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases—or hire outside screeners.

John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.

Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: dogs can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.

57. The time needed in making decisions may ______.

A) vary according to the urgency of the situation

B) prove the complexity of our brain reaction

C) depend on the importance of the assessment

D) predetermine the accuracy of our judgment

58. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions ______.

A) can be associative

B) are not unconscious

C) can be dangerous

D) are not impulsive

59. To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should ______.

A) trust our first impression

B) do as people usually do

C) think before we act

D) ask for expert advice

60. John Gottman says that reliable snap reactions are based on ______.

A) critical assessment

B) “thin sliced” study

C) sensible explanation

D) adequate information

61. The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is ______.

A) tolerant

B) uncertain

C) optimistic

D) doubtful

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and who would make some money and then go home. Between 1908 and 1915, about 7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian

immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.

Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens (外国的) fit for deportation(驱逐出境). That framework has contributed mightily to our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.

Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and particle physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas. They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them. They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.

With or without permission, they straddle (横跨) laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.

Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle. Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes, including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.

62. According to the passage, “birds of passage” refers to those who ______.

A) immigrate across the Atlantic

B) leave their home countries for good

C) stay in a foreign country temporarily

D) find permanent jobs overseas

63. It is implied in the second paragraph that the current immigration system in the US ______.

A) needs new immigrant categories

B) has loosened control over immigrants

C) should be adopted to meet challenges

D) has been fixed via political means

64. According to the author, what do today’s birds of passage want?

A) Financial incentives.

B) A global recognition.

C) Opportunities to get regular jobs.

D) The freedom to stay and leave.

65. What does the author suggest do in the end of the passage?

A) Force all illegal immigrants to leave US for good.

B) Abolish the current immigrant managing system.

C) Treat today’s birds of passage with legal tolerance.

D) Introduce stricter immigration quotas in America.

66. The author intends to tell us that it is a big mistake to ______.

A) be tolerant toward illegal immigrants

B) give permanent residence to aliens

C) link specific migrants to specific jobs

D) see all immigrants as legal or illegal

Part V Cloze (15 minutes) Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that

best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a

single line through the centre.

Urban life has always involved a balancing of opportunities and rewards against dangers and stress; its 67 force is, in the broadest sense, money. Opportunities to make money mean competition and competition is stressful; it is often at its most 68 in the largest cities, where opportunities are greatest. The 69 of huge numbers of people inevitably involves more 70 , more traveling, the overloading of public services and 71 to those deviants (不正常的人) and criminals who are 72 to the rich pickings of great cities. Crime has always 73 in the relative anonymity (匿名) of urban life, 74 today’s ease of movement makes its 75 more difficult than ever; there is much evidence 76 its extent has a direct relationship to the size of communities. City dwellers may become 77 in their homes by the fear of crime around them.

As a defense 78 these developments, city dwellers tend to use various 79 to try and reduce the pressures upon themselves: doors are kept locked; telephone numbers may be ex-directory; journeys outside the home are usually hurried, rather than a 80 of pleasure. There are other strategies, too, which are positively harmful to the 81 , for example, reducing awareness through drugs or alcohol. 82 , all these defensive forms of behavior are 83 to society in general; they cause widespread loneliness and destroy the community’s concern 84 its members. Lack of informal social 67. A) challenging C) mobilizing

B) motivating D) interacting

68. A) infinite C) excessive

B) intense D) intricate

69. A) presence C) combination

B) encounter D) diffusion

70. A) disputes C) conflicts

B) quarrels D) interference

71. A) confrontation C) absorption

B) exposure D) admission

72. A) compelled C) induced

B) driven D) drawn

73. A) heightened C) declined

B) flourished D) swung

74. A) moreover C) and

B) provided D) but

75. A) management C) commitment

B) isolation D) control

76. A) that C) which

B) what D) because

77. A) trapped C) surrounded

B) blocked D) confined

78. A) of C) toward

B) against D) for

79. A) strategies C) steps

B) measures D) approaches

80. A) resource C) source

B) clue D) guarantee

81. A) city C) society

B) individual D) country

82. A) However C) Finally

B) Therefore D) Furthermore

83. A) beneficial C) harmful

B) invalid D) ineffective

84. A) for C) on

B) over D) to

85. A) ignorance C) indifference

contact and 85 to the misfortunes of others, 86 they are not personally known to oneself, are amongst the major causes of urban crime.

B) neglect D) sympathy

86. A) unless C) as

B) if D) since

Part VI Translation (5 minutes) Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.

87. If I had been on the spot then, I ___________________________ (绝对不会错过这个机会).

88. Achievements in education should not ___________________________ (纯粹用考试结果来衡

量).

89. Having settled in that remote area, the young man quickly ___________________________ (适

应了那里恶劣的天气).

90. They have a good knowledge of English but little ___________________________ (他们懂德语).

91. She felt keenly thrilled ___________________________ (一想到要见他).

历年英语四级真题及答案详解

2009年6月英语四级考试真题与答案真题： Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: F or this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting their lectures. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow: 1. 越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？ 2. 也会带来一些问题 3. 你的看法？ Free admission to museums Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the

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