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工程英语翻译练习-某国使馆房屋改造说明

某国使馆房屋改造施工计划

Reconstruction Plan of Mongolian Embassy

一：工程概况

因蒙古国使馆的房屋屋顶斜屋面的结构都是木结构，据勘测内部存在漏水和霉变现象,局部有塌陷脱落现象（具体见照片）。为了使馆工作人员的生活环境更好，为了美化使馆形象，在不改变原结构的情况下将原有屋面改造成钢结构屋面；改善原屋面的保温、隔热、防水及建筑外观。

1. Project Overview

Since the structures of Mongolian embassy's rooftop are wooden，according to our survey， the interior leaks causing it to get moldy with parts of it collapsing（please refer to site photos）.To offer a better place for the staff and improve embassy image, we propose to change wooden structure to steel while leaving the existing rooftop structure unchanged. The condition of thermal insulation, heat preservation , waterproofing and architectural appearance will be improved.

二：改造范围

1.原有的屋顶全部拆除。

2.顶层的室内吊顶全部重新施工。

3.顶层的强弱电全部重新施工。

4.外墙涂料重新施工。

5.原斜屋顶全部换成钢结构屋顶。

6.所有的落水管全部更换。

7.所有的瓦全部更换成新瓦。

8.所有的防水全部重新施工。

9.屋面原来的旧瓦全部更换成水泥波纹瓦。

2. Project Scope

1）Remove the original rooftop.

2）Reconstruct the suspended ceiling of the top floor.

3）Reconstruct the HV and LV system of the top floor.

4）Repaint the outside wall coating

5）Change the tilted rooftop, installing a steel structure.

6）Reinstall all the rainspout#.

7）Change all roof tiles into new ones.

8）Reconstruct waterproofing system#.

9）Change all the old tiles into cement corrugated tiles.

三：施工准备

1.技术准备

1）认真熟悉施工图纸，做好施工图纸会审，将问题在施工前解决。

2）针对工程情况，对施工班组进行技术交底。

3）特殊工种操作人员必须持证上岗。

3. Construction Preparation

1.Technical Preparation

1）Get familiar with construction drawing, analyse the construction drawing, resolve any potential issues before construction. Solve all the problems before construction.

2）In view# of the project situation， conduct technical disclosure to construction team.

3）Operators of special profession must be certified

2.材料准备：

提早落实各种材料及设备的货源，并根据施工图纸和工程进度计划，做出材料订购计划，确定物资进场日期。

Material Preparation

Confirm the source of all materials and devices in advance, and make materials procurement plan according to construction drawings and project schedule, and confirm materials arrival date.

3.现场准备

1)按施工平面布置图的要求积极进行现场施工准备工作。

2）电源和临时电闸箱接通，解决现场动力、照明用电。

3）水源与临时水管线接通，解决施工及消防用水。

4）根据平面规划和施工平面图做到临时道路畅通，和材料的堆放场地；安置好临时仓库等。

3. Site Preparation

1) Prepare for site construction according to the requirements of

construction materials # plan .

2) Connect electrical source with temporary switch boxes to supply power and lighting.

3) Connect water source with temporary water pipes to ensure enough water for construction and fire control.

4) According to the planning layout and construction mater(what is mater?) plan，keep the temporary roads accessible and keep space for material stacking and temporary warehouse.

4.施工机具设备准备

钢结构安装主要机械设备与工具一览表

Main machines and tools table for steel structure installation

序号No. 设备名称

Machine name

规格

Specificat

ions

单位

Unit

数量

Quantity

备注

Remark

1 交流电焊机

A.C. welding

machine

16-28KYA 台8

2 氧气割具

Oxygenous cutting

tool

台 2

3 专用磁力钻孔器

Magnetic borer

套 2

4 手电钻

Hand-held electric

部 3

drill

5 手动磨光机

Manual polishing

machine

部 4

6 扭剪型电动扳手

Electromotion#

spanner

把 2

7 螺旋千斤顶

Screw jack

10-20t 台10

8 手拉葫芦

Chain block

3-5t 台10

9 钢丝绳

Steel wire rope

m 150

10 平板车

Flat car

部10

11 三角架

Tripod

套 2

12 焊条烘干箱

Welding rod dry

case

台 1

13 配电箱

Switch box 标准

Standard

台 2

14 经纬仪

Theodolite

台 1

15 水准仪

Balance level

台 1 16 超声波探伤仪台 1

Ultrasonic

defectoscope#

m 200

17 三相电缆

Three-phase cable

个 2

18 工具箱

Tool box

四：施工方法

4. Construction Approach

（1）拆除

将原有的木结构斜屋面本着从上往下，从里到外的原则安排专人进行拆除；原平定屋面的防水全部拆除并重新做防水和屋面。

I. Removal

Special workers will be arranged to remove the existing

wood-structured tilted roof following top down and inside out policy. （二）钢结构施工

II. Construction of steel structure

1.工艺流程：

测量放线→搭设操作脚手架→节点处理→节点板安装→钢构制作安装→节点刷防锈漆

1） Process flows

Measure and mark up setting-out#→ setup scaffold → process pitch point →install gusset plate →install steel structure → paint

anti-rust paint

2.施工方法

2）Construction Approach

1）测量放线

平面控制：根据原屋顶层A轴和⑤轴两个方向的轴线，把这两条轴线同时向内移2米作为纵横方向控制线，并用红漆标明偏轴轴线位置。将经纬仪架在控制线交点复核其原楼的各轴线，将轴线间距位置的误差进行消化。然后按各轴线放出新增钢梁的地面投影轴线，并将轴线投测到各柱和核心筒剪力墙上，轴线控制采用内控法，即把各条轴线同时向外移动0.2米作为纵横方向控制线，并用红漆标明偏移轴线位置。

1）Measure and mark up setting-out

Plane control：For axis A and axis ⑤，shift these two axises inward 2 meters to be the vertical and horizontal control lines . Mark positions of offset axis with red paint. Put theodolite at crossing point of the control lines to recheck location of the original axises and solve the spacing error in between two axises. Afterward，mark up a/the ground projection axis of the additional steel beam and mark up projection axises on each column and shear wall as well. Use inner-controlling method to control the axises，moving each axis outward 0.2 meters to be the vertical and horizontal control line. And, use red paint to mark up location of offset axises.

高程控制：根据原屋顶层结构柱上业主指定的水准点，在柱、剪力墙上引测做出500毫米标高控制线，用红油漆作三角标记。依据施工图纸将标高引测到夹层、顶层。在各层柱和墙上弹出500毫米线。引测精度控制在±2mm以内。

节点放线：根据标高、轴线和施工图纸，用墨线弹出节点板的十字中心线、边线，并将线延长出剔凿范围

Elevation control：According the level point marked by the client，mark 500mm contours on columns and shear walls. Contours will be marked with red-painted triangle. According to level plan，mark up levels of mezzanine floors and top floor with 500mm contours. Measure accuracy will be controlled to ±2mm.

Setting out of pitch point：according to the levels，axises and construction drawing， mark up cross centerline and line of edge of the gusset plate with ink lines, and extend the line out of the chiseling scope.

2）脚手架：

在原结构31层上搭设操作脚手架，立杆要避开钢梁安装位置。

搭设要求：立杆在新增钢梁两侧搭设，立杆离开钢梁0.5米，离地20公分设一道扫地杆，中间在立杆上设两道水平杆，立杆搭设高度必须满足安装要求且低于需增设的顶板底标高。

2）Scaffold

Setup scaffold on the 31st floor on the old structure， the pole should

not block installation of a/the steel beam.

Requirements：setup poles on both sides of the new steel beam，keep 0.5 meter from the steel beam. Setup horizon bar 20 cm from the ground and add two more in the middle. Height of the poles should meet the installation requirements and lower than the roof bottom# level.

3）节点处理：

按照施工节点位置线，用铁钎剔凿原结构的保护层，剔凿面积大小以施工适宜，剔凿时尽量减小对原结构的损害，剔凿后必须露出原结构面层，并在基面上恢复接点板的十字中心线和边线。

3) Process pitch point

Chisel the protective layer of original structure in accordance with the position line of pitch point . Chiseling scope should be suitable for construction. Try to minimize the damage to the original structure while chiseling. reveal the original structure of the surface layer and the base surface to restore cross the centerline and edge of the contact plate . The original structure of the surface layer should be revealed after chiseling. Cross centerline and line of edge should be marked on the contact plate on the base plane.

4）节点板安装

1螺栓栽埋：螺栓栽埋

根据施工图纸要求和放线位置，用粉笔画出螺栓位置，用电锤成孔。钻孔严禁切段原有主筋。孔径应大于螺栓直径2-4毫米，深度必须达到设计要求。螺栓栽埋前将孔内清理干净，然后将结构胶注入孔内，胶满后插入螺栓并对孔口封闭防止胶流失。

2安装节点板

根据螺栓栽埋位置绘出样图，在根据样图进行节点板的制孔。当螺栓栽埋的胶上强度后安装节点板，节点板上的螺母必须拧紧并与板点焊，节点板与原结构之间的缝隙采用高强灌浆料灌实。

4）Install gusset plate

①Install screw bolt

According to the requirements of construction drawing and setting out，mark the location of the bolts and punch holes with electric hammer. The original reinforcement cannot be cut. Diameter of aperture should be 2-4mm larger than the screw bolts and depth must meet the design requirements. Screw bolt should be cleaned up before installation. Then structural adhesive will be injected into the hole and the screw bolts inserted after the hole is filled and enclosed to prevent the structural adhesive coming out.

②Install gusset plate

Draw blow-up detail according to the location of installed screw bolt and punch hole on the gusset plate in accordance with the blow-up detail. Install gusset plate when the installed screw bolt is tight enough. The

nut on the gusset plate must be tightened and spot welded, the gap between the gusset plate and the original structure will be filled with high strength grouting material.

5）钢结构的制作安装：

进场检验：钢材进场后，对材料型号、数量、规格、质量情况和出厂材质单要进行检验，对有变形的钢材进行校正调整，使之达到质量合格标准。

钢梁的制作：应本工程受垂直运输影响，所以钢结构均采用型钢，型钢按照施工图纸要求，先在地下一层下料，然后运到施工层进行拼接。钢梁下料前，也应测量一下现场尺寸，做好校核工作。钢件制作完毕，按图纸要求涂刷防锈漆2道，并将编号移记在油漆面上。钢构件制作及油漆应符合图纸要求和钢结构制作规范要求，并做加工记录。

钢梁的安装：将拼接好的钢梁用倒链拉至安装位置，用水平仪和挂线的方法检测钢梁与节点板的位置和标高，确认无误后进行钢梁安装，钢梁与节点板上的劲板用安装螺栓进行初步固定，然后再一次调整钢梁位置并达到设计图纸要求，最后进行钢梁节点焊接。焊口形式、焊接质量必须符合图纸和规范要求。

5）Install steel structure

Arrival checkup：After the steel’s arrival，check the material’s type, quantity , specifications , quality and the material specification of factory. calibrated deformed steel and ensure it's qualified.

The production of steel beams : This project is supported by the vertical transportation. So, the steel structure will use section steel.

According to the construction drawing, prepare materials in the basement and then transport them to the construction layer. Before cutting material， measure the site size in advance .After finishing steel production， brush anti-rust paint twice according to the construction drawing and put numbers on the paint surface . Production and painting of steel shall meet the requirements of the drawings and steel production specifications. The process should be recorded.

TThe installation of steel beams：

Use chain block to pull the jointed steel beams to the installing place. Use gradienter to confirm the location and level of the steel beam and gusset plate and install the steel beam afterward. The steel beam

and gusset plate will be fixed with mounting bolts, prepared in advance，and then by adjusting the steel beam according to the blue print. Finally，weld the steel beam and gusset plate. The approach and quality of welding must comply with the construction drawing and specifications

6）刷防锈漆：梁焊接完毕后，将钢板和钢梁与钢板之间进行刷防锈漆。

6)Paint anti-rust paint：

After welding the beams，the connection of the steel plate and steel beams will be brushed with anti-rust paint.

Structural Detail

Rooftop Detail

Suspended Ceiling Detail

(3）脚手架施工 III. Scaffolding Construction

（1）双排脚手架搭设要求：

1）该脚手架采用φ48×3.5钢管及相应扣件安装。扣件应用经国家批准有出厂合格证的玛钢产品。

2）脚手架搭设方法，立杆纵向间距为1.8米，横向间距为1.5米，里排立杆离外墙0.35米。立杆垂直度的偏差不得大于架高的1/200；大横杆间距为1.4米，接头要错开，用一字扣件，大横杆与立杆用十字扣件连接，大横杆的水平高底不能超过5公分；小横杆的间距为1.5米，并设置剪刀撑，脚手架离地20公分设置扫地杆，架管根部要铺25公分宽5公分厚的脚手板，脚手架外排立杆内侧挂密目安全网。

（1）Requirements of setting up double scaffold

1）The scaffold wil l use 48×3.5 steelpipe and the corresponding fastener. Fasteners should be qualified malleable iron products .

1.Methods of setting up scaffold ：Vertical spacinof the pg

ole is 1.8 meters and horizontal spacing is 1.5 meters ,

while inside row of poles will be 0.35 meter away from the

external walls . Vertical deviation of the pole should be

less than 1/200 of the scaffold’s height. Spacing of large

bar is 1.4 m. Joints will be staggered , using a straight

fastener. Large bar and pole use cross fasteners. Spacing

of small bar is 1.5 m , and fix strutting . Setup horizon

bar 20 cm from the ground and put scaffold boards（length：

25 cm，thk：5cm）at the bottom of pole. Hang safety net inside

the first layer of the scaffold.

（2）脚手架搭设规定

1）搭设场地应平整，夯实并设置排水措施。

2）在搭设之前必须对进场脚手架杆配件进行严格的检查，禁止使用规格和质量不合格的杆配件。

3）脚手架搭设时，必须在统一指挥下，严格按施工设计放线，铺垫板标定立杆位置。

4）脚手板或其他铺板应铺平铺稳，必要时应予绑扎固定。

5）脚手板采用平铺时，在对接处与其下两侧支承横杆的距离应控制在100―200毫米之间。

6）工人在架上进行搭设作业时，作业面上宜铺设必要数量的脚手板并与临时固定。工人必须戴安全帽和佩挂安全带，并做好安装技术交底工作。

（2）Requirements of setting up double scaffold

1）Make sure the ground is flat compacted and provide drainage measures.

2）Before setup，check up each piece of scaffold，Prohibit the use of unqualified accessories.

3）While setting up scaffold，operators should under command and follow the construction drawing. Mark up location of the poles.

4）Scaffold boards or other decking shall be stable. Operators can use banding to fix if necessary.

5）While paving the scaffold , distance between butt joints and their supporting bars on both sides should be controlled between 100-200 mm .

6）While setting up scaffold，Work surface should pave enough scaffold

boards and being temporaryly fixed. The workers must wear helmets and safety belts.Technical disclosure should be conducted in advance .

（3）脚手架的使用规定

1）作业层每平方米架面上实际的施工荷载不得超过1KN/m2。

2）在作业中，禁止随意拆除脚手架的构件，确因操作要求需要临时拆除时，必须经主管人员同意并采取相应的弥补措施，并在作业完成后及时予以恢复。

3）工人在架上作业中，应注意自我安全保护和他人的安全，以避免发生碰撞、闪失和落物，严紧在架上戏闹和坐在栏杆上等不安全处休息。

The use of scaffold

1）The actual load for per square meter on the word surface shall be less than1KN/㎡.

2）In the Operations , removal of scaffolding components is prohibited. For operational requirements required，any temporary removal must be agreed by the competent staff and take appropriate remedies. Recover the components in time after finishing the work.

3）Workers in the operations should be aware of self- protection and safety of others .In order to avoid collision , accident , and litter , workers should not play on the scaffold of take break on the bars.

（4）脚手架的拆除规定

1）脚手架的拆除作业应按确定的拆除程序进行，在拆除过程中，凡已松开连接的杆配件应及时拆除运走，避免误扶和误靠已松脱连接的杆件。拆下的杆配件应由两人以上向下传递，严禁向下抛掷，在拆除中，应作好配合，协调动作，禁止单人进行拆除较重杆件等危险性的作业。

2）拆除的作业人员，必须戴安全帽，系安全带，穿宝洁规定的劳保鞋。

3）拆除时要统一指挥，上下呼应，动作协调，当解开与另一人有关的结扣时，应先通知对方，预防坠落。

4）拆除下来的材料，运至地面后指定地点，随拆随运，分类堆放。

5）拆除过程中不得中途换人，如必须换人时，应将拆除情况交代清楚后方可离开。

（4）Removal of scaffold

1）Removal of scaffold should follow the slandered removal procedure. In the removal procedure，accessories which have been released should be promptly removed and carried away to avoid potential danger. The removed accessories should be passed down by two or more people. Throwing is prohibited. Nobody is allowed to do removed work alone.

2） Personnel doing removal must wear helmet, safety belt and protective shoes .

3）Personals should follow unified command, cooperating with each other. When removing any accessories knot with another person, you should notify the other person to prevent falling.

4）Removed material should be promptly transported to a particular place and stacked in category.

5）In the removal process people cannot be replaced as long as the situation is clearly explained to the next person.

(4）外墙涂料施工

1）基层处理：首先将墙面等基层上起皮、松动及鼓包等清除凿平，将残留在基层表面上的灰尘、污垢、溅沫和砂浆流痕等杂物清除扫净。

2）修补腻子：用水石膏将墙面等基层上磕碰的坑凹、缝隙等处分遍找平，干燥后用1号砂纸将凸出处磨平，并将浮尘等扫净。

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商务英语翻译测试题及答案集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]

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Lesson One: The Time Message Elwood N, Chapman 新的学习任务开始之际，千头万绪，最重要的是安排好时间，做时间的主人。本文作者提出了7点具体建议，或许对你有所启迪。 1 Time is tricky. It is difficult to control and easy to waste. When you look ahead, you think you have more time than you need. For Example,at the beginning of a semester, you may feel that you have plenty of time on your hands, but toward the end of the term you may suddenly find that time is running out. You don't have enough time to cover all your duties (duty), so you get worried. What is the answer? Control!译：时间真是不好对付，既难以控制好，又很容易浪费掉，当你向前看时，你觉得你的时间用不完。例如，在一个学期的开始，你或许觉得你有许多时间，但到学期快要结束时，你会突然发现时间快用光了，你甚至找不出时间把所有你必须干的事情干完，这样你就紧张了。答案是什么呢？控制。 2 Time is dangerous. If you don't control it, it will control you.I f you don't make it work fo r you, it will work against you. So you must become the master of time, not its servant. As a first-year college student, time management will be your number one Problem. 译：时间是危险的，如果你控制不了时间，时间就会控制你，如果你不能让时间为你服务，它就会起反作用。所以，你必须成为时间的主人，而不是它的奴仆，作为刚入学的大学生，妥善安排时间是你的头等大事。 3 Time is valuable. Wasting time is a bad habit. It is like a drug. The more time you waste,the easier it is to go on wasting time. If seriously wish to get the most out of college, you must put the time message into practice. 译：时间是珍贵的，浪费时间是个坏习惯，这就像毒品一样，你越浪费时间，就越容易继续浪费下去，如果你真的想充分利用上大学的机会，你就应该把利用时间的要旨付诸实践。Message1. Control time from the beginning. 4 Time is today, not tomorrow or next week. Start your plan at the Beginning of the term. 译：抓紧时间就是抓紧当前的时间，不要把事情推到明天或是下周，在学期开始就开始计划。Message2. Get the notebook habit. 5 Go and buy a notebook today, Use it to plan your study time each day. Once a weekly study plan is prepared, follow the same pattern every week with small changes. Sunday is a good day to make the Plan for the following week. 译：要旨二、养成用笔记本的习惯。马上去买个笔记本，用它来计划你每一天的时间，一旦订好下每周的学习计划，每周就要这么做，但容许有些小的变动，星期日是制订下周计划的好时间。 Message3. Be realistic. 6 Often you know from experience how long it takes you to write a short essay, to study for a quiz, or to review for a final exam. When you plan time for these things, be realistic.Allow for unexpected things. Otherwise you entire plan may be upset.译：要旨三、要现实些。你由经验可知道写一篇短文，准备小考或为期术考试复习需要多长的时间，当你为这些事情计划时间时，要现实些，要留有余地，要预计发生意外的事情，否则你的整个计划就会被

法律英语翻译练习与答案-0609

练习1：外国合营者如果有意以落后的技术和设备进行欺骗，造成损失的，应赔偿损失。If the foreign joint venturer causes any losses by deception through the intentional use of backward technology and equipment, it shall pay compensation for the losses. 修改提示：单复数考虑不周；用语不够简洁。答案（修改要点）：causes any losses →causes any loss(es) 造成一项或多项损失时都应当赔偿，不能仅用复数形式。 pay compensation for the losses →pay compensation therefor (therefor=for that/them) 练习2：人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关办理刑事案件，应当分工负责，互相配合，互相制约，以保证准确有效地执行法律。原译文：The people’s courts, people’s procuratorates and public s ecurity organs shall, in handling criminal cases, divide their functions, each taking responsibility for its own work, and they shall co-ordinate their efforts and check each other to ensure correct and effective enforcement of law. 修改提示：“分工负责”，应理解为：侧重点在“负责”，而非“分工”，即分工过程中各负其责；respective 比own 更为妥当、准确；原来的译文中，and they shall …比较啰嗦，更严重的问题是，使to ensure …割断了与divide their functions 的联系。答案（修改要点）：in handling criminal cases, divide their functions, each taking responsibility for its own work, and they shall co-ordinate their efforts and check each other to ensure correct and effective enforcement of law.→… in handling criminal cases, take responsibility for their respective work while dividing functions, co-ordinate, and check each other, to ensure correct and effective enforcement of law. 练习3：商标注册人享有商标专用权，受法律保护。原译文：Trademark registrants shall enjoy the right to exclusive use of their trademarks and shall be protected by law. 修改提示：商标专用权的译文“貌合神离”，立法原意是“商标专有权”；受法律保护的主语有些歧义，可加括号处理；原文shall滥用，因为并未刻意强调“必须，一定要”。答案（修改为）：Trademark registrants have the exclusive trademark right, (and are) protected by law. 练习4：被告人的犯罪情节极其严重、社会影响极其恶劣、社会危害极其严重。原译文：The extremely serious circumstances of the offense committed by the accused have brought abominable influence and severe hazard to the whole society. 修改提示：bring的用法有些生硬，动宾搭配不太适当。答案（修改为）：have brought abominable influence and severe hazard to the whole society. → have exerted an abominable influence and posed a severe hazard to society. (exert, vt. 施加，产生，如exert pressure on, exert an influence on; abominable, adj. 可恶的，极坏的；pose v. 提出，形成，成为；使摆好姿势pose a problem; pose an obstacle/a threat to …) 练习5：买卖双方同意按下列条款由卖方出售，买方购进下列货物：货号; 品名及规格；数量；单价；总值(数量及总值均有_____%的增减, 由卖方决定)；生产国和制造厂家；包装；唛头；装运期限；装运口岸；目的口岸；保险；