广州新版八年级unit2 numbers 数词讲解

数词

数词分基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目，序数词表示顺序。.

1．基数词

（1）基数词的具体形式如下：

A．从1——10

one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten．

B．从11——19

eleven，twelve，thirteen，fourteen，fifteen，sixteen，seventeen，eighteen，nineteen.

注：标记为加粗的单词特殊记忆，其他的词都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-teen 构成。

C．从21——99

整数几十中除twenty，thirty, forty，fifty，eighty为特殊形式外，sixty，seventy，ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。表示几十几时，在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符―-‖

21 twenty-one 76 _____________ 89_______________

99_____________ 35_______________ 63_________________

47______________ 54________________ 23__________________

D．百位数

个数基数词形式加―hundred‖，表示几百，在几十几与百位间加上and．

101 a hundred and one

E．千位数以上

从数字的右端向左端数起，每三位数加一个逗号―，‖。从右开始，第一个―，‖前的数字后添加thousand（千），第二个―，‖前面的数字后添加million（百万），第三个―，‖前的数字后添加billion（十亿）。然后一节一节分别表示，两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式。

2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight

34578089__________________________________

同步练习

( )1. –How long is the new bridge? Do you know ?

--Yes. It’s about _____.

A. one thousand one hundred and eighty meters

B. one thousand and one hundred fifty meters

C. two thousands one hundred forty meters

D. two thousands seventy and three meters

( )2. There are ____ days in a year.

A. three hundred and sixty-five

B. three hundred and sixty five

C. three hundred sixty-five

D. three hundreds and sixty- five

( )3. Nanjing is a city with many places of interest. ___ tourists come here every year.

A. Thousand of

B. Thousand

C. Thousands

D. Thousands of

( )4. –How many people are there in Changsha?

--About six _____.

A. million

B. millions

C. millions of

( )5.—How many people will come to Beijing for the Olympic Games in 2008?

--It’s hard to say. _____ people, I think.

A. Million of

B. Millions of

C. Two millions of

D. Two million of

（2）基数词的用法

A．基数词在表示确切的数字时，不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数形式；但是，当基数词表示不确切数字，如成百、成千上万，三三两两时，基数词则以复数形式出现。

hundreds of 数以百计Thousands and thousands of 成千上万

大厅里有数以百计的人。_________________________________

Ｂ．表示人的不确切岁数或年代，用几十的复数形式表示。

in his thirties 在他三十多岁的时候in forties 在四十多岁的时候

in the 1960s 二十世纪六十年代

他三十多岁时成为了教授。____________________________________

( )6.During World WarⅡ, a Jewish(犹太的)lady was protected (保护)by a local family in Shanghai in her ___.

A. fifties

B. fifty

C. fiftieth

D. the fiftieth

Ｃ. 基数词的句法功能

基数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语。

The two happily opened the box．两个人高兴地打开了盒子。（作主语）

I need three altogether．我总共需要三个。（作宾语）

Four students are playing volleyball outside．四个学生在外面打排球。（作定语）We are sixteen．我们是16个人。（作表语）

They three tried to finish the task before sunset．

他们三个人尽力想在日落前完成任务。（作同位语）

D. 基数词也可以表示顺序。只需将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后即可，不需要添加定冠词。

the first lesson=Lesson One the fifth page=Page 5（five）the twenty-first room=Room 21（twenty-one）

( )7. Jack is now in _____.

A. the three grade

B. Grade Third

C. Grade Three

( )8. Now children, turn to page __and look at the __ picture in Lesson Two.

A. twentieth; one

B. twenty; one

C. twentieth; first

D. twenty; first

E.时刻表示法

六点半_____________________

八点过一刻_______________________

十一点四十五分___________________________

五点四十分______________________________

★在日常生活中，常用下列简单方法表示时间。

以小时、分种为单位分别读出数字。

6:31读作six thirty-one 14:03 读作fourteen o three

注：时刻表上的时间大多采用24小时表示法，这样就不需要用a.m.表示上午，p.m.表示下午了。

( )9. --It’ 9:45. –Yes, It’s ____.

A. fifteen from ten Ba quarter to ten C fifteen past nine D. a quarter past ten

2. 序数词

(1)序数词的主要形式：

A．从第一至第十九

其中，one— first，two— second，three— third，five— fifth，eight—eighth，nine—ninth，twelve— twelfth为特殊形式，其它的序数词都是由其相对应的基数词后面添加―th‖构成。例如：six— sixth、nineteen— nineteenth．

B．从第二十至第九十九

整数第几十的形式由其对应的基数词改变结尾字母y为i，再加“eth”构成。twenty——twentieth thirty——thirtieth

表示第几十几时，用几十的基数词形式加上连字符―－‖和个位序数词形式一起表示。

thirty-first 第三十一fifty-sixth 第五十六

seventy-third 第七十三ninety-ninth 第九十九

C．第一百以上的多位序数词

由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。

one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一

D．序数词的缩写形式

有时，序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有。

first——lst second——2nd third——3rd

fourth——4th sixth——6th twentieth——20th

twenty-third——23rd

其中lst，2nd，3rd为特殊形式，其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。

口诀：基变序，有规律，first, second, third要牢记;

其它变化有公式，基数词尾加-th; eight去t , nine去e;

从twenty, thirty到ninety, 需变y为ie; five和twelve, 需将ve变f; 若是遇到―几十几‖，只变个位就可以。

( )9. Friday is the _____ day of the week.

( )10. He believed his lucky number was ten, so he decided to live on the ____ floor. A. lowest B. ten C. tenth

( )11. I have made ____ dumplings. Now I’m making the ___ one.

A. twenty; twentieth-first

B. twenty; twenty-first

C. twentieth; twenty-first

D. twenty; twenty-one

序数词的用法

A．序数词的句法功能

序数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和表语。

The second is what I really need．第二个是我真正需要的。（作主语）

He choose the second．他挑选了第二个。（作宾语）

We are to carry out the first plan．我们将执行第一个计划。（作定语）

She is the second in our class．在我们班她是第二名。（作表语）

注：序数词在使用时，通常前面要加定冠词the；但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时，则表示―再——‖，―又——‖。

We’ll go over it a second time．我们得再念第二遍。

完形填空

One day a mother rat and her babies were out in an open field. They were playing and having a good time when suddenly a hungry cat came on the scene! It hid 1__ a big tree and then looked forward through the tall grass 2__ it could almost hear them talk. Before the mother rat and her babies knew 3 had happened, the cat jumped from its hiding place and started to run 4_ them.

The mother cat and her babies all fled at once. They hurried towards 5 home, which was under a pile of large stones. But the baby rats were so scared (害怕) that they could not run very 6_ . Closer and closer the cat came. In no time the cat would be upon them. What was to be done?

The mother rat stopped running, 7 round and faced the cat, shouting，"Bow Wow! Bow Wow! "just like 8 angry dog. The cat was so surprised and frightened that it ran away.

The mother rat turned to the babies, "Now you see 9 important it is to learn __10 second language!"

（）1 A. on B. between C. by D. behind

（）2. A. before B. when C. until D. while

（）3. A. where B. what C. which D. when

（）4. A. over B. through C. after D. against

（）5. A. to B. for C. its D. their

（）6. A. freely B. hardly C. soon D. quickly

（）7. A. turned B. walked C. jumped D. ran

（）8. A. a B. an C. their D. that

（）9. A. so B. why C. what D. how

（）10. A. out B. the C. a D. an

阅读理解

As a child, I was really afraid of the dark and of getting lost. These fears were very real and caused me some uncomfortable moments.

Maybe it was the strange way things looked and sounded in my own room at night that scared me so much. There was never complete darkness, but always a streetlight or passing

car lights, which made clothes on the back of a chair take on the shape of a wild animal. Out of the corner of my eye, I saw the curtains(窗帘) seem to move when there was no wind. A very low sound in the floor would seem a hundred times louder than in the day. My imagination (想象) would run wild, and my heart would beat fast.

I would lie very still so that the "enemy(敌人) " would not discover me.

Another of my childhood fears was that I would get lost, especially on the way home from school. Every morning I got on the school bus right near my home. That was no problem. After school, though, when all the buses were lined up along the street, I was afraid that I would get in the wrong one and be taken to some other strange places. On school or family trips to a park or a museum, I wouldn't let the leaders out of my sight.

Perhaps one of the worst fears of all I had as a child was that of not being liked or accepted by others. Being popular was so important to me then, and the fear of not being liked was a serious one.

One of the processes(过程) growing up is being able to realize and overcome our fears. Understanding the things that scared us as children helps us achieve greater success later in life.

( )1. The author had _________kind(s) of fears when she was a child.

A. one

B. two

C. three

D. none

( )2. _________ would scare the author at night.

A. Streetlight and car lights

B. Wild animals and enemies

C. Moving curtains and wind

D. Strange sights and sounds ( )3. When she went to some other places, she would _________.

A. walk away without others

B. take a bus by herself

C. follow others closely

D. make sure not to take a wrong bus ( )4. Which of the following would be possibly true when she was a child?

A.She was usually popular among people.

B. She was always the leader of the others.

C. She always' got poor grades.

D. She was not at all liked by others.

( )5. The underlined word "overcome" means "_________" in Chinese.

A. 接受

B. 忍受

C. 信服

D. 克服

数词综合用法

1、年月表示法

（1）. 世纪可以用定冠词加序数词加世纪century表示，也可以用定冠词加百位进数加`s表示

the sixth（6th）century 公元六世纪

the eighteenth（18th）century 公元十八世纪

the 1900`s 二十世纪the 1600`s 十七世纪

注：用百位数整数表示的世纪比这一百位阿拉伯数字本身多一个世纪。

（2）. 年代用定冠词及基数词表示的世纪加十位整数的复数形式构成

in the 1930`s（in the thirties of the twentieth century或in the nineteen thirties）

在二十世纪三十年代

in the 1860`s（in the sixties of the 19th century或in the eighteen sixties）

在十九世纪六十年代

（3）. 表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期，可以在定冠词后，年代前添加early，mid-，late

in the early 1920`s 在二十世纪二十年代早期

in the mid-1950`s 在二十世纪五十年代中期

（4）. 年月日表示法

A．年份用基数词表示，一般写为阿拉伯数字，读时可以以hundred为单位，也可以以世纪、年代为单位分别来读。

1949 读作nineteen hundred and forty-nine 或nineteen forty-nine

1800 读作eighteen hundred

253 读作two hundred and fifty-three或two fifty-three

1902 读作nineteen hundred and two或nineteen o two

表示在哪一年，一般在年数前加介词in，使用year时，year放在数词之前。

in the year two fifty-three B.C. 在公元前253年

但是，通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯数字。

B. 月份，在哪个月用介词in加第一个字母大写的月份词表示。例如：in May 在五月；in July在七月。为了简便起见，月份与日期连用时，月份常用缩写形式表示。缩写形式除May，June，July外，其它的月份都由其前三个字母表示，但September除外（September——Sept．）。

January——Jan．一月February——Feb．二月

March——Mar. 三月April——Apr．四月

August——Aug．八月

September——Sept．九月

October——Oct．十月

November——Nov．十一月

December——Dec．十二月

★这里缩写形式后面加点不能省略，因为它是表示缩写形式的符号。

C．日期用定冠词the加序数词表示。在哪一天要添加介词on。

National Day is on Oct. 1.

国庆节是十月一日。（读作October first）

此句也可以表示为National Day is on the 1st of October．

May 5 五月五日（读作May fifth）

也可以表示为the fifth（5th）of May

Mar. 1（st）三月一日（读作March first或the first of March）

（5）. 表示不具体、不确切的时间，如世纪、年代、年份、月份时，用介词in 表示，表示具体确切的某一天用介词on表示通常情况下morning，afternoon，evening等词前用介词in。但是，当这些词前后有一修饰限定的词作为定语，把它们限定为某一天早晨、下午或晚上时，介词in应改为on。这里的修饰限定词可以是介词短语、名词、形容词、定语从句等。

在一个寒冷的早晨，这个老人孤独地死在自己的房子里。

_____________________________________________________

我不愿意在我必须学习的晚上被打扰。

______________________________________________________

这次事故发生在7月7日下午。

_______________________________________________________

星期一早晨我们将进行一次小测验。

________________________________________________________

2、加减乘除表示法

（1）. ―加‖用plus，and或add表示；―等于‖用is，make，equal等词表示。

2+3=? 可表示为：How much is two plus three?

2+3=5 Two plus three is five．

Two and three is equal to five．Two and three makes five．

Two added to three equals five．If we add two to/and three, we get five．

（2）. ―减‖用minus或take from表示

10－6＝?How much is ten minus six?

10-6=4 Ten minus six is four．

Take six from ten and the remainder is four. Six (taken) from ten is four．

（3）. ―乘‖用time（动词）或multiply表示

3X4＝? How much is three times four?

3X4=12 Three times four is/are twelve．

Multiply three by four，we get twelve．Three multiplied by four makes twelve．

（4）. ―除‖用divide的过去分词（divided）形式表示

16÷4=? How much is sixteen divided by four?

16÷4＝4 Sixteen divided by four is four．

Sixteen divided by four equals/gives/makes four．

3、分数表示法

（1）. 分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的。基数词作分子，序数词作分母，除了分子是―1‖以外，其它情况下序数词都要用复数形式。

3/4 three fourths或three quarters 1/3 one third或a third

3 1/

4 three and one fourth或three and one quarter

1/2 a half 1/4 one quarter或a quarter

（2）. 当分数后面接名词时，如果分数表示的值大于1，名词用复数；小于1，名词用单数。

1 1/

2 hours 一个半小时（读作one and a half hours）

2 3/4 meters 二又四分之三米（读作two and three-fourths meters）

4/5 meter 五分之四米5/6 inch 六分之五英寸

4 、小数表示法

（1）. 小数用基数词来表示，以小数点为界，小数点左首的数字为一个单位，表示整数，数字合起来读；小数点右首的数字为一个单位，表示小数，数字分开来读；小数点读作point，o读作zero或o［ou］，整数部分为零时，可以省略不读。

0.4 zero point four或point four 零点四

10.23 ten point two three 十点二三

25.67 twenty-five point six seven 二十五点六七

l.03 one point o three 一点零三

（2）. 当数字值大于1时，小数后面的名词用复数，数字值小于1时，小数后面的名词用单数。

1.03 meters 一点零三米0.49 ton 零点四九吨l.5 tons 一点五吨

5、百分数表示法

百分数用基数＋percent表示

50％fifty percent百分之五十3％three percent百分之三0.12％zero point one two percent 百分之零点一二

这里的percent前半部per表示―每一‖，cent这一后半部分表示―百‖，所以百分之几中percent不用复数形式。

6、数量表示法

（1）. 表示长、宽、高、面积等，用基数词+单位词（meter，foot，inch，kilogram 等）+ 形容词（long，wide，high等）表示，或者用基数词+单位词+ in + 名词（length，width，height，weight等）表示。

two meters long或two meters in length 2米长

three feet high或three feet in height 3英尺高

four inches wide或four inches in width 4英寸宽

This box is 2 kilograms in weight．这个盒子有两千克重。

（2）. 表示时间、距离时，使用含数词的名词所有格形式作定语。

five minutes` walk(= five-minute walk) 步行五分钟（的距离）

从我的家乡到我们大学是走路半小时的路程。

______________________________________________

（3）. 表示温度时，用below zero表示零下温度，温度用基数词+degree（s）+单位词（centigrade摄氏或Fahrenheit华氏）表示。

thirty-six degrees centigrade或36℃摄氏36度

four degrees below zero centigrade或-4℃摄氏零下4度

水在零度时结冰。_______________________________

水在摄氏一百度时沸腾。__________________________________

★这里的单位词在人们都很清楚是什么度量制度时，可以省略。

You are 37℃．（读作thirty-seven degrees）你是三十七度。（摄氏）

今天是零下七度。（摄氏）_________________________________

（4）. 由数词和其他名词构成的名词性短语作定语时，其中的名词用单数形式，名词性短语中各部分间要用连字符―-‖来连接。

她是个十六岁的女孩。_________________________________

( ) 1. Lincoln was born on ________.

A. February 12, 1809

B. 1809, February 12

C. 1809, 12 February

D. February 1809,12

( ) 2. A _______ boy can sing the English song very well.

A. ten-year-old

B. ten years old

C. ten-year-old

D. fifth years old

( ) 3. An hour later, _____ minister was sent to see the ―magic cloth‖ woven by those two men.

A. two

B. the second

C. the two

D. second

( ) 4. Abraham Lincoln was _______ President of the United States.

A. 16

B. the 16

C. 16th

D. the 16th

( ) 5. Do you think there is any room for us ________ ?

A. two

B. the two

C. second

D. the second

( ) 6. How many students are there in your class?

________.

A. Twenty nine

B. Thirty and two

C. Forty-five

D. fifties

( ) 7. Which number is wrong? _______.

A. Ninety

B. Ninteen

C. Ninth

D. Nineteenth

( ) 8. The People's Liberation Army was founded _______.

A. on August 1, 1927

B. in 1927, 1 August

C. on August 1st, 1927

D. in August 1, 1927

( ) 9. The number 4,123 is read _______.

A. four thousand one hundred and twenty-three

B. four thousand and one hundred twenty-three

C. four thousand and a hundred and twenty-three

D. four thousands a hundred and twenty-three

( ) 10. The old professor still works hard though he is _________.

A. in his sixty

B. in his sixties

C. in sixties

D. in the sixty

( ) 11. This classroom is ________ ours.

A. three times big as

B. as three times big as

C. three times as big as

D. as big three times as

( ) 12. The basketball team of our school ranks ________ in the match.

A. three

B. third

C. the three

D. the third

( ) 13. Which is the car that he drives? It's ________.

A. fifty two

B. the fifty-two cars

C. the car fifty four

D. the fifty-fourth car ( ) 14. Which of the following is wrong? ________.

A. He is a fifteen-year-old boy.

B. He is at the age of 15.

C. He is a boy of 15.

D. He is fifteen year old.

( ) 15. Our school is not very big. There are only ________ students.

A. nine hundreds of

B. nine hundred

C. nine hundreds

D. nine hundred of 课后习题

( ) 1. How many magazines do you have? I have ________.

A. two

B. both

C. twice

D. the second

( ) 2. Three hundred thousand one hundred and seventy means ________.

A. 3,170

B. 3,117

C. 300,170

D. 30,170

( ) 3. On May ________, ________ people traveled round the country.

A. the first, millions

B. the first, millions of

C. first, the millionth

D. first, millions

( ) 4. ________ of them are dining at school.

A. Twelve

B. Twelfth

C. The twelve

D. the 12th

( ) 5. It's 7:17 is read ________.

A. seven and seventeen

B. seven seven

C. seven one seven

D. seven seventeen

( ) 6. Four ________ two is two.

A. plus

B. minus

C. times

D. divided by

( ) 7. Three ________ five is eight.

A. plus

B. minus

C. times

D. divided by

( ) 8. Three ________ seven is twenty-one.

A. plus

B. minus

C. times

D. divided by

( ) 9. Forty-two ________ seven is six.

A. plus

B. minus

C. times

D. divided by

( ) 10. There are ________ days in a year.

A. three hundred sixty and five

B. three hundred and sixty-five

C. three hundreds and sixty-five

D. three hundred sixty-five

( ) 11. There are ________ students in that school.

A. two thousand eight-six

B. two thousand eighty-six

C. two thousand and eighty-six

D. two thousands and eighty-six

( ) 12. It took me ________ to get there.

A. two hours and a half

B. two hours and half

C. two hour and a half

D. two hour and half

( ) 13. September is _________ month of the year.

A. the nineth

B. the ninth

C. nineth

D. ninth

( ) 14. Please pass me _______ book on the left.

A. third

B. three

C. the third

D. the three

( ) 15. ________ is a very tall boy.

A. The twelve

B. The twelveth

C. The twelfeth

D. The twelfth

( ) 16. We have known each other for ________.

A. a year and half

B. a year with half

C. a year and a half

D. a year with a half ( ) 17. ―What year is it?‖

―It's ________.‖

A. nineteen hundred and ninety-seven

B. nineteen and ninety-seven

C. nineteen ninety and seven

D. nineteen ninety-seven

( ) 18. ―What's the date today?‖

―It's _________.‖

A. Tuesday

B. June Fourth

C. June the four

D. June the fourth

( ) 19. The train from Shanghai will arrive ________.

A. in quarter past six

B. in a quarter past six

C. at quarter past six

D. at a quarter past six

( ) 20. My friend was born on _________.

A. three of July, 1979

B. the third of July,1979

C. 1979, July the third

D. 1979, the third of July

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