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中英文化对比论文

中英文化对比论文
中英文化对比论文

英汉习俗文化对比(选修课)

题 目 __中西文化差异_______

姓 名 周超 ________

学 号 3090311120 _________

专业班级 英语094 ________

分 院 外国语分院 _____

宁波理工学院

文化是一种社会现象,是人们长期创造形成的产物。确切地说,文化是指一个国家或民族的历史、地理、传统习俗、生活方式、文学艺术、行为规范、思维方式、价值观念等。不同的文化背影和文化传统,使中西方在思维方式,价值观念,行为准则和生活方式等方面也存在有相当的文化差异。在跨文化交际中,文化障碍会导致的信息误解,有时善意的言谈会使对方尴尬无比,礼貌的举止会被误解为荒诞粗俗。

例如在言谈方面,在中国对别人的健康状况表示关心是有礼貌的表现,但是西方人就不是这么认为了。当我们向西方人表示关切地问候时,他们可能反而觉得很不高兴。因为在他们看来这不需要任何人来指教。如果就某种小事给人以忠告,那显然是对其能力的怀疑,从而大大伤害其自尊心。另外中国人在饭桌上的热情好客经常被西方人误认不文明的行为。因为西方人认为客人吃多吃少完全由客人自己决定,用不着主人为他添酒加菜,而且他们认为饮食过量是极不体面的事情。类似的例子还有很多很多。这些都给我们的日常生活交际带来不少困惑。

同样的一件事物,不同的文化背景,看法也大相径庭。中国人的家庭观念很强,血缘关系,亲情伦理,在脑中根深蒂固,父母、子女始终是一家人。哪怕成家立业,另立门户,和父母仍不分彼此,中国人把赡养父母,侍奉父母,看作是自己应尽的责任。然而西方人却不同,子女一到成年,就会离巢而飞,父母不再抚养他们,而子女一旦独立,对父母家的事也不再理会,更别说赡养父母或几代同堂了。美国式的家庭结构比较简单:父母及未成年孩子,称之为核心家庭。子女一旦结婚,就得搬出去住,经济上也必须独立。父母不再有义务资助子女。这种做法给年青人提供最大限度的自由,并培养其独立生活的能力,但同时也疏远了亲属之间的关系。中国人如果一大家子来购物,父母为小孩买东西天经地义,已成年子女为父母代付钱也是理所当然。中国式的家庭结构比较复杂,传统的幸福家庭是四代同堂。在这样的家庭中,老人帮助照看小孩,儿孙们长大后帮助扶养老人,家庭成员之间互相依赖,互相帮助,密切了亲情关系。然而,这种生活方式不利于培养年青人的独立能力。老外却不同,父母、子女各自理财,互不搭界。现实中的美国,儿子可以是百万富翁,父母却照旧穷困潦倒,和中国人的“母以子贵”,“一人得道,合家升天”的中国传统实在天差地别。

中西方的文化差异还表现在很多方面。西方人崇拜个人奋斗,尤其为个人取得的成就自豪,从来不掩饰自己的自信心、荣誉感,以及在获得成就后的狂喜。相反,中国文化不主张炫耀个人荣誉,而是提倡谦虚。中国人反对王婆卖瓜式的自吹自擂,然而中国式的自我谦虚或自我否定却常常使西方人大为不满。在西方人看来,谦虚不仅否定了自己,还否定了赞扬者的鉴赏力。在自我中心与无私奉献方面,西方人自我中心意识和独立意识很强,他们认为自己应该为自己负责。在弱肉强食的社会,每个人生存方式及生存质量都取决于自己的能力,因此,每个人都必须自我奋斗,把个人利益放在第一位。他们也不习惯过问他人的事情,比较注重隐私。因此主动帮助别人或接受别人帮助在西方常常是令人难堪的事。因为接受帮助只能证明自己无能,而主动帮助别人会被认为是干涉别人的私事。中国人的行为准则是“我对他人,对社会是否有用”,个人的价值是在奉献中体现出来的。中国文化推崇一种高尚的情操——无私奉献。在中国,主动关心别人,给人以无微不至的体贴是一种美德,因此,中国人不论别人的大事小事,家事私事都愿主动关心,而这在西方会被视为“多管闲事”。

西方人平等意识较强,无论贫富,人人都会尊重自己,不允许别人侵犯自己的权利。同时,人人都能充分地尊重他人。很少人以自己显赫的家庭背景为荣,

也很少人以自己贫寒出身为耻,因为他们都知道,只要自己努力,是一定能取得成功的。然而中国人的传统的君臣、父子等级观念在中国人的头脑中仍然根深蒂固。父亲在儿子的眼中,教师在学生的眼中有着绝对的权威,家庭背景在人的成长中仍起着相当重要的作用。

西方文化鼓励人民开拓创新,做一番前人未做过的、杰出超凡的事业。而传统的中国文化则要求人们不偏不倚,走中庸之道,中国人善于预见未来的危险性,更愿意维护现状,保持和谐。西方人十分珍视个人自由,喜欢随心所欲,独往独行,不愿受限制。中国文化则更多地强调集体主义,主张个人利益服从集体利益,主张同甘共苦,团结合作,步调一致。

西方人的婚姻观与中国人的婚姻观有着极大的不同。因为他们认为婚姻纯属个人私事,任何人不能干涉,同时婚姻不属于道德问题。一个人有权选择和最喜欢的人生活在一起,一旦发现现有的婚姻是一个错误,就有权作第二次选择。如果夫妇一方爱上了第三者,任何一方都不会受谴责。在他们看来强迫两个不相爱的人生活在一起是残忍的。而中国人的婚姻相对来说比较稳定。这是因为中国人把婚姻当作人生的头等大事,每个人都谨慎对待,认真选择,一旦决定了,就不会轻易改变。而且中国人一向把婚姻当作一个严肃的道德问题,喜新厌旧,或是第三者插足都被认为是极不道德的。

另外一个非常值得一提的就是教育体制的不同。西方教育仿佛大部分的时光都在讨论当中度过,而且上课时间很短暂,上课的时候还可以随时提问和解答,课后的作业也相当少。那么我们呢?很真实的说,看见的永远是忙碌的学生以及忙碌的家长。中国的古语是这样描述学习的:书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟。我们的祖先以高山和大海来比喻学习。于是我们自觉埋头学习。西方的课堂上,学生非常的自由,听不懂是老师的问题。在中国的课堂上我们是默默的聆听者和安静的模仿者。在教育方面,中西方在看重知识方面是不同的。中国教育重视基础知识的巩固,美国教育重视创造力的培养;中国教育注重知识的灌输和知识的熟练掌握,重视“精”和“深”,美国教育注重对知识的灵活应用,重视“广”和“博”。在教育这一方面,确实存在着很大的差异。

由于各种各样的原因,导致了中西方有诸如此多的文化差异,而文化差异又是跨文化交际的障碍。现代化的进程更加速了精神和物质产品的流通,跨文化交际成为每个民族生活中不可缺少的部分。了解中西方文化差异对于提高跨文化交际能力有着极其重要的意义,它能帮助我们正确理解西方人的言行,在交际过程中,充分了解对方,尊重对方的习俗,以取得最佳的交际效果。

通过这次选修课的学习,我认识到了文化差异的重要性。例如中西节日,宗教,生活方式的差异等等。老师通过电影以及中西比较的教案把中西差异讲解得非常具体,这对我的专业以及以后的学习都很有帮助,让我受益匪浅。

中西文化差异英文

Differences between Chinese and Western culture As we know the differences between the our estern cultures and western cultures are quite obvious.I would like to state some of my opinions in this paper. I.difference in the thinking style People on the earth are homologous,but different people in different place have different performance on the way of thinking. Differences between Chinese and Western way of thinking reflected in many aspects.Such as the difference between abstract and concrete, reflected in their attitudes towards life can be understood as Westernersare more practical, and the Chinese are much more biased towards some spiritual experience. Westerners pay attention to logical thinking, but Chinese pay more attention to dialectical thinking and so on. As Chinese and western way of thinking are different, there are differences in expression of the order. For example,we can see that the names of western style are not like ours,they put their given names at the first place,while we put them after our family names,that is to say,we regard our family more important than ourselves,and it's the traditional way of estern thinking.Westerners have another way of thinking,they think that each person is important in our world and society,and a person should play a important role among our human beings. II.differences in daily communication Westerners are frank,but chinese are humility.The reflection between westerners and chinese on the treatment of praise is different.In the West, people can accept it generously. As the Chinese have long term impact of Confucian education, we treat others’ praise and recognition not often take the attitude of ourselves, or there is suspected of arrogant. When meeting acquaintances, chinese and westerners greet each other are also different. Chinese people often say "Have you eat ?" "Where are you going?"except the general asked”hello”. In western culture, this is not a greeting, but substantive issues. When British and American people meet,they usually use a polite phrase like "How are you?" or "Nice to meet you!" In addtion,when westerners accept gift from others,they are willing to open it and praise it directly,but chinese do not do like that. III.differences in customs Chinese people regard ourselves as descendants of the Dragon.Chinese have a supreme respect for the dragon, we think dragon is a symbol of our nation. In the dynasty time,Chinese emperors generally self-styled "dragon".However,in the West, the dragon was regarded as the devil, and it was killed by the legendary god of protection, so they set a day as a festival to celebrate the lifting of a disaster, and thank the protection of God.For this reason, when the students describe a person's lively, they say "He / She is full of vim and vigor." not"He / She is as lively as a dragon and tiger". Everyone has their favorite color, so does a country and a nation. Chinese like the red colour ,because chinese think red is a symbol of luck and enthusiam. But westerners perfer to the blue colour,they think blue can make themselves calm. Thus,the preferences of different colors can reflect the whole of a country’s aesthetic taste. IV. differences in eating cultrue Chinese and Western diets are very different, so the differences also have an impact on the national character. In China, a banquet, no matter what purpose, there will be only one form, that is, everyone sit around one table. People toast each other,and eat the same food in one plate,,It reflects the mutual respect between people even the traditional courteous virtue. Although from the health point of view, this dietary approach has obvious shortcomings, it is consistent with our

英汉对比论文

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从英汉语言文化差异谈翻译论文

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