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一般过去时与现在完成时和过去完成时的比较

一般过去时与现在完成时和过去完成时的比较
一般过去时与现在完成时和过去完成时的比较

①一般过去时的基本用法

a)表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与过去时间连用. a moment ago(刚才),yesterday morning,last night/ week,the day before yesterday(前天),just now(刚才)等。

He suddenly fell ill yesterday.

昨天他突然生病了。

b)表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。

I wrote home once a week at college.

我上大学时每周给家里写一封信.

c)表示过去连续发生的一系列动作。

She entered the room, picked up a magazine and looked through it carefully.

她走进房间,拿起一本杂志,认真地翻阅了起来。

d)在时间、条件状语从句中用一般过去时代替过去将来时.

We would not leave until the teacher came back.

老师回来我们才会离开。

②一般过去时的特殊用法

a)在虚拟语气中表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态。

I wish I were twenty years younger.

但愿我年轻20岁。

b)在口语中,一般过去时往往显示委婉客气

Might I come and see you tonight?

我想今晚来看你,好吗?

现在完成时的用法:

1) 表示过去发生或已完成的某个动作对现在产生的影响或结果,强调的是这个影响或结果,一般不与过去时间连用,常同already, just, yet等状语连用例:I have just turned off the light. 我刚刚把灯关上。(结果是灯已经关上了)

She has lost her bike. 她把自行车丢了。(影响是他现在没有自行车骑了)

2) 表示开始于过去、持续到现在的动作或状态,并可能继续下去(也可能不继续下去),常同包括现在在内的时间状语连,也同“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”的状语连用

She has taught in the school for ten years. 她在这所学校教书已经10年了。

I haven’t eaten anything since breakfast. 我从早饭起就一直没有吃东西。

3) 表示从过去某一时间到说话时这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次动作的总和,常同频度副词always, often, seldom, never等连用

I have been to the Great Wall twice. 我曾经去过长城两次

过去完成时用法:

1. 表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作或存在的状态。表示的是“过去的过去,常用的时间状语有:”by + 过去的时间点、by the end of + 过去的时间点、before + 过去的时间点。

Most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 当他到达晚会时,他发现大多数客人已经离开了。

2.过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间

或持续下去,常与for,since等词连用。例如:

When Jack arrived, he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour. 当杰克到时,他得知玛丽已经离开快一个小时了。

4. 某些动词的过去完成时表示过去未实现的希望、计划或打算。常用的动词有hope,expect,suppose,think,want,wish等。例如:

They had hoped to be able to arrive before ten. 他们本来打算能在10点

之前到达达

一、一般过去时与现在完成时的用法比较。

1.“一般过去时”所关心的是过去之事,与现在无联系,常带有表示过去某个时间的状语;现在完成时所关心的是过去发生的事,对现在产生某种结果,强调过去与现在的联系。一般不与过去具体时间连用。当需要指明过去一个特定的时刻发生的事情时,需要使用一般过去式。

A.I ________(lose) my pen.Can you lend me yours?

B.Why don't you buy one?

A.It _______(fall) into the river only a moment ago when I washed my hands. Now I've got to fill in a form with a pen.

2.现在完成时与for或since引起的短语连用时,表达从过去开始的动作或状态

延续至今,而一般过去时与“for+一段时间”连用时,只指过去的动作或状态在过去延续了多长时间。

We___________(stay) here for three weeks. I think we are going to stay another two weeks.(说话时人还在)

He __________(stay) here for three weeks last year.(并不表示现在是否在)

3.一般过去时带有表示过去某时刻的时间状态,如yesterday,last year(month, week,night),in 1980…

I ______(come) the day before yesterday.

4.现在完成时所带时间状语包含说话时在内,如today,this week(month,year),th ese days(years)或与说话时非常接近,如recently,just,in(during) the past three year s。

Great changes _______( take) place in the last ten years

5如果一件事情发生在过去并且延续到说话的这个时刻,就需要使用现在完成时。They have lived here for a long time

6一般过去时比现在完成时更能表达事情的结果

John has taught math for twenty years. 保留了约翰继续教数学的可能性

John taught math for twenty years. 表明约翰已经不再教数学了,他可能退休了,换工作了,或者去世了。

7如果一件事情发生在过去并且延续到说话的这个时刻,就需要使用现在完成时。

They have lived here for a long time.

他们在这里已经生活了很长一段时间。

二、一般过去式与过去完成时的区别。

1.一般现在时表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,而过去完成时则表示过去某一动作或时间之前发生的动作或存在的状态。一般过去时与现在相比,强调“过去”,而过去完成时则与过去相比,强调“过去的过去”。

我们来比较下列句子:

The meeting _________(start) at six o'clock./ start的动作发生在at six o'cl ock。

The meeting ___________( start) when we arrived at the hall./ start的动作发生在过去的动作arrived之前。

过去完成时与现在完成时的区别

现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,以现在的时间为基点,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关。过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,以过去时间为基点,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它。比较:I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。

一般过去式,现在完成时区别

1、现在完成时的定义: 现在完成时通常是指过去某一动作对现在的影响或过去某一动作持续到现在(可能要继续下去) 2、现在完成时的构成: 现在完成时是由“助动词have/has+过去分词”构成的 3、现在完成时的用法: (1) 表示从过去到现在曾经经历过或做过的事情 (2) 表示过去发生的动作对现在所产生的影响 (3) 表示从过去某时开始的动作,状态一直持续到现在 一般过去时也译为单纯过去时。 例A:He worked very hard last year. (去年他很用功。) 例B:Mr. Smith bought a new car yesterday. (史密斯先生昨天买了一辆新车。) 例C:They were here only a few minutes ago. (几分钟前他们还在这里。) 一、一般过去时的用法: 解说:一般过去时最明显的现象就是常由表达过去之时间的副词或副词短语来修饰它(如各例句的斜体字部分)。这些常用于修饰一般过去时的副词有:yesterday, yesterday morning (afternoon, evening ), just now (刚才), before (以前) , then (at that time )(当时) , last +时间(如 last week, month, year, Monday, … January, … spring, …, etc. ), that +时间(如 that day, afternoon, summer, …, etc. ), 时间 + ago (如a few minutes ago, two weeks ago , years ago, … etc.) 二、一般过去时的主要语法功能: 1. 表示过去发生的动作或情况, e.g. He returned home very late last night. 他昨晚很晚回家。 He turned off TV at midnight. 他午夜才关了电视。 他常常在午夜后才关电视。He often turns off TV after midnight. 2. 表示过去反复发生的或习惯性的动作,常和never, often, usually等状语连用。 e.g. She often swam/ went swimming last summer. 去年夏天她经常去游泳。 In the past few years, Mary seldom called her grandfather. 过去几年中,玛丽很少给她爷爷打电话。 3. 可用在said, reported等后面的间接引语中,代替一般现在时。 e.g. She said, "I'm tired of his long speech."----She said that she was tired of his long speech. 她说她烦透了他的长篇大论。 The doctor reported, "The patient is very well."----The doctor reported that the patient was very well. 医生说患者情况良好。

一般过去时与现在完成时的用法区别

一般过去时与现在完成时区别专题 一、前言: 初一下学期同学们学习了一般过去时态的相关知识,即将到来的初二上学期英语学习中,现在完成时是重要的学习内容。本文通过对比一般过去时和现在完成时,对现在完成时进行初步讲解,希望使同学们读新学期的学习有所准备。 二、现在完成时 1. 现在完成时的构成 现在完成时是由助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词,说明句子的意义。 2. 现在完成时的用法 现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。 We are good friends.(现在的情况) I knew him in 1997.(过去的动作) We have known each other since 1997. (现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在) (1)表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如: -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes, I have. I've just had it. 你(已经)吃午饭了吗?我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了) (2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。 如:He has taught here since 1981 他自1981年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教) I haven't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。 (3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”,常带有twice,ever, never,three times等时间状语。 如:I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。 3.现在完成时的时间状语 (1)现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 如:We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。 b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中,表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如:-Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗? -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。 例如:I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过。

现在完成时的用法和过去式.docx

现在完成时的用法和过去式的主要区别: 1. 概念上的区别: —般过去时:表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情,不强调对现在”产生的影响。 现在完成时,①表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果; ②过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。 He ViSited Guilin in 1998.他1998年参观过桂林。(只是简单表明在过去某个时间[in 1998]去过 桂林这一事实,除此以外别无其他) Jill has bought a new COmPUter.吉尔买了一台新电脑。(造成的结果是,JiIl现在有了一台新电脑)The pla ne has already arrived 飞机已经抵达了。(说明现在的情况:飞机在这儿。) The Pla ne arrived a quarter of an hour ago. 飞机是一刻钟以前抵达的。(强调动作发生的时间 在过去。) 第一种:对目前造成的影响;过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果; HaVe you Seen the film? (A) Did you See the film? (B) [说明]你看过这部电影吗? (A)句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解; (B)句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过,并不强调是否知道其内容。 第二种:过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。 He has lived in Beiji ng for 8 years. (A) He lived in Beiji ng for 8 years. (B) [说明]他在北京住了8年。 (A)句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年,可能还会继续在北京住下去。

一般过去时-现在完成时和过去完成时

一般过去时,现在完成时和过去完成时 一般过去时态表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和表示频度的时间状语连用,试看下列例句: 1. I was in the classroom yesterday morning 2. My father was at work last week. 3. I visited the Palace Museum three weeks ago. 4. He always went to work by bus last year. 5. I wrote home once a week at college. 1. yesterday或以其构成的短语:yesterday morning(afternoon, evening)等; 2. 由"last+一时间名词"构成的短语:last night, last year (winter, month, week)等; 3. 由"时间段+ago"构成的短语:a moment ago, a short time ago, an hour ago等; 4. 其它:just now或者由句子本身的时态所反映出来的。 现在完成时表示:(1)过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 常与already,just,yet,before,ever,never 等副词连用;(2)发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示),常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用。试看下列例句: 1.My father has brought many books for me , so I can do some reading now. 2.I have already finished my homework, so I can give it to my teacher now. 3.Kevin hasn't seen the film yet, so he has nothing to say about the film. 4.This is the best film I have ever seen. 5.Mary has been ill for three days. 6.I have lived here since 1998. 现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last year, two days ago, just now 等等,但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, before, recently,ever, never等连用。

现在完成时和过去时的区别及练习

现在完成时和过去时的区别及练习 一、现在完成时的用法。 1.现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响 I have lost my wallet now. I can’t find it now. 我的钱包掉了,我现在找不到。 2.现在完成时强调过去动作一直持续到现在。 I have had this book for a year. 我拥有这本书1年了。 3.现在完成时表示动作尚未完成。 I have lived here for 5 years. 我在这里住了5年(现在也还在这里住) 4.现在完成时可以与不确切的过去时间连用。 She has entered speaking competition before. 她曾经参加过演讲比赛。 5.现在完成时可以用来描述活着的人的经历。 He has been to America four times. 他去过美国4次。(他现在还活着) 6.现在完成时可以与未完成的时间状语连用。 She has finished her homework today. 今天他已经完成了家庭作业。(today, this week, this year 是未完成的时间状语) 二、过去时的用法 1.

1.表示过去完成的动作,现在已不是这样。 —What do you think of her? 你认为她怎样? —She was cute. 她曾经很可爱(表示她现在已不可爱了。) 2.与过去某一具体的时间状语连用,表示过去完成的动作。 She lost her wallet yesterday. (她昨天弄丢了她的钱包。) 3.表示去世的人过去的经历。 He went to America four times.一生中, 他去过美国4次(表示他已去世)练习 1.Ronaldo ______________( win) 29 major trophies in his career. 2.I ____________(have)him for three months and I really feel healthy. 3.She_______________(be) ill for three days. 4.They ________________ (not do) much exercise since they got their computer. 5.Kobe Byrant _______________(win) five championships with The Los Angeles Lakers. 6.Fans___________________(buy)about 200 million copies of Tintin’s stories in more than 50 languages. 7.When I was young, I ___________(not like) green vegetables. 8.After he graduated from university, he _________(work) in a big company.

一般过去式与现在完成时的区别

一般过去时与现在完成时的区别(1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。 (2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆为具体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不确定的时间状语。 共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。 (3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等。例如: I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了) I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了) Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了) Who hasn't handed in his paper? (强调有卷子未交,疑为不公平竞争) He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续) He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续) 句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。 (错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. (对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 一、现在完成时的意义(用法) 1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。(瞬间动词适用于这种情况) 2.表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的一段时间的状语连用。(延续性动词适用于这种情况)我们可以简记为: (1)“过去对现在”(瞬间动词) (2)“过去到现在”(延续性动词) 二、现在完成时的构成(结构) 现在完成时由“助动词have(has) + 过去分词”构成。 我们可以简记为: ① have(has)在前面, ②过去分词在后边, ③以前(before) 从来不(never) 出现, ④最近(recently) 曾经(ever) 一(once) 两遍(twice), ⑤自从(since) 刚刚(just) for一段,今天(today) 已经(already/yet) 很明显。 注:1. ①②是指该时态的构成。③④⑤是时态的标志。 2. since +(1)(过去的)月份/年份 since +(2)一段时间+ago

现在完成时和一般过去时专项练习

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