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新概念英语第一册语法及专项练习

新概念英语第一册语法点归纳

课，其中单课为课文，双课为语法和练习。整本书是以单数课为正课，并附144新概念一共从此出展现出整个新概带有插图而双数课则是针对单数课所讲的内容有针对性地进行练习，以供各位念一教材区别于其他教材的独特之处。以下是对新概念一整本教材的理解和剖析，对整个课本的理解和把握上参考和借鉴。

首先根据课本中出现的时态来分析：

本册书的语法出现层次性和规律性是很强的，首先我们先来整本书中都出了哪些时态，这些时态的具体分布和讲解时我们大家需要注意的递进性。

Lesson 31—34 现在进行时

Lesson 37—40 第一次出现be going to 的将来时

Lesson 51—56 一般现在时

Lesson 67—76 为一般过去式

Lesson 83—90 为现在完成时

Lesson 91—96 为一般将来时 (will)

Lesson 117—118 过去进行时

Lesson 119—120 过去完成时

除去前面所有时态和句型所占据的76课我们一起来看一下以下的68课，每一课小的语言点，语法点都是在什么地方，应该用什么样的方式来讲解。

在这里告诉学员新概念一的每一个单课的重点都是出现双课的标题和课后的练习题里面。

Lesson1—2

语言点：与陌生人说话或引起别人的注意。Excuse me. Yes? Pardon? Thank you very much.

语法点：主系表结构this为主语，名词做表语1的一般疑问句以及它的肯定回答。Is

this your handbag? Yes, it is.

Lesson 5—6

语言点：如何介绍别人。This is Miss Sophie Dupont. Nice to meet you.

语法点：主语为第三人称单数的主系表结构。She is French. He is German. It's

a Volvo.(L6)

的使用。 a/an

Lesson 7—8

语言点：如何自我介绍和相互认识。

语法点：主语为第二人称的主系表结构。Are you French?

What nationality are you? What's your job? 特殊疑问句。

Lesson 9—10

语言点：朋友或熟识的人之间如何相互问候。How are you?

语法点：主系表结构形容词做表语。

介词短语表示位置 near the window, on the televion, on the wall

Lesson 29—30

语言点：如何发号命令。

语法点：祈使句（肯定）。

动词与宾语的固定搭配。

Lesson 37—38

语言点：如何表达将要做的事情。

语法点：现在进行时态be going to do结构表达将要发生的事情。

There be 句型的一般疑问句形式。

Lesson 41-42

语法点：如何表示不可数名词的量。

Lesson 63-64

语言点：建议忠告。

语法点：don't do…. You mustn't do…

Lesson 65-66

语法点：具体时间表示法(半点和刻钟）。反身代词。具体日期表达方式。 Lesson 73-74

语言点：问路。

语法点：不规则动词的过去式。形容词转变成副词。

Lesson 77-78

语言点：看病。

语法点：综合时间表达方式。

Lesson 105-106

语言点：办公室用语。

语法点：want sb to do…./ tell sb to do…以及其否定形式。

Lesson 103-104

语言点：考试。

语法点：宾语从句。（从句部分为非现在时态）

程度副词 too, very ,enough

Lesson 125-126

语言点：/

语法点：have to do…/ don't need to do…

Lesson 127-128

语言点：娱乐界。

语法点：must/can't 对现在事情的肯定/否定猜测。

Lesson 129-130

语言点：交通状况。

语法点：must/can't have been….对过去事情的肯定/否定猜测。

Lesson 131-132

语言点：度假。

语法点：may 对现在/过去事情的肯定或否定猜测。

以下学的知识慢慢与新二接轨：

现在完成时：Lesson 83—90

直接引语变成间接引语：Lesson 99—102

形容词的比较级和最高级：Lesson107—112

neither ,so 的用法：Lesson 113—114

不定代词的用法：Lesson 115—116

过去进行和过去完成时：Lesson 117—120

定语从句：Lesson 121—124

情态动词的综合用法：Lesson 125—132

直接引语变间接引语：Lesson 133—136（着重讲时态的倒推）

if 的用法：Lesson 137—140

被动语态：Lesson 141—144

1）代词及be动词

主格 I we you you she/he/it they

me us you you her/him/it them

宾格

代词所有格 my our your your her/his/its their

名词性代词 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs

be动词现在时 Am are are are is are

be动词过去时 was were were were was were

2）名词的复数

规则变化的名词复数形式

规则1一般情况+s . shell→shells toy→toys

规则2以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es . fox→foxes church→churches

规则3以o结尾+s或+es . radio→radios potato→potatoes

规则4以f, fe结尾的，变f, fe为ves . life→lives half→halves

规则5以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+es . sky→skies study→studies

3）动词的第三人称单数形式

规则1一般情况+s . like-likes, look-looks

规则2以s, x, ch, sh和o结尾+es . do-does, catch-catches

规则3以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+es . carry-carries, fly-flies

4）动词现在分词

规则1一般动词加-ing . look-looking, read-reading, play-playing

规则2以不发音的字母结尾的单词去e加-ing . make-making, take-taking,

arrive-arriving

规则3重读闭音节词结尾，即单词中只有一个元音字母，其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词，双写辅音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop-stopping

5）动词过去式

规则动词变化

规则1 一般动词加-ed . look-looked, watch-watched, play-played 规则2 以e结尾的加-d . make-maked, arrive-arrived

-ed cry-cried, carry-carried

加i为y结尾的变y以辅音字母3 规则

规则4 重读闭音节词结尾，即单词中只有一个元音字母，其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词，双写辅音字母再加-ed stop-stopped

过去式的读音

在清辅音后面（除外）读/t/ . walked, jumped

在浊辅音和元音后读/d/ . washed, watched

在/t/，/d/后读/id/ . waited, hated

6）形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

比较级

规则1 一般加-er . high-higher

规则2 以e结尾加-r nice-nicer

规则3 以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i再加-er busy-busier

规则4 重读闭音节结尾，双写辅音字母再加-er fat-fatter

最高级

规则1 一般加-est . high-highest

规则2 以e结尾加-st nice-nicest

规则3 以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i再加-est busy-busiest

规则4 重读闭音节结尾，双写辅音字母再加--est fat-fattest

7）常见缩写：

is='s I am=I'm are='re

is not=isn't /iznt/ are not=aren't /a:nt/

do not=don't

does not=doesn't

was='s

did not=didn't

can not=can't

have='ve

has='s

have not=haven't

has not=hasn't

will='ll

will not=won't

shall not=shan't

直接引语/间接引语

如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时，那么间接引语要做相应变化：时态，人称，时间地点及指示词

1）时态变化：

一般现在时——一般过去时

现在进行时——过去进行时

一般过去时——过去完成时

现在完成时——过去完成时

一般将来时——过去将来时

be going to——was/were going to/would

can--could

may--might

2）时间地点及指示词的变化：

here-there, tomorrow-the next day, the following day, this-that…

3）人称变化：根据句意改变人称。

4）直接宾语/间接宾语

主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语

直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或事务，也可以说间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的，或者是为谁做的。所以间接宾语要用名词或者宾格代词来担当。 He gives me a book.（me间接宾语，a book直接宾语）

直接宾语和间接宾语的位置调换时要加一个介词to或for：

主语＋及物动词＋直接宾语＋介词＋间接宾语

Give me a book. = Give the book to me.

Send him a letter. = Send a letter to him.

Show him the new dress. = Show the new dress to him.

的倒装so/neither倒装句：

. So can I.

swim eg: He can

did I. She didn't go to class. Neither

结构：主语 so/neither+be+

主语so/neither+助动词+

主语so/neither+情态动词+

助动词：: do, does/am, is, are 一般现在时

: am, is, are 现在进行时

: did 一般过去时

: have, has 现在完成时

: will, shall 一般将来时

: was, were 过去进行时

: had 过去完成时

: would 过去将来时

新概念英语第一册语)一般现在

新概念英语第一册语)现在进行

新概念英语第一册语：一般过去

新概念英语第一册语：现在完成

新概念英语第一册语：一般将来

新概念英语第一册语：过去完成

新概念英语第一册语：过去进行

新概念英语第一册语：过去将来

新概念英语第一册语：问

新概念英语第一册语：限定

新概念英语第一册语十)名

新概念英语第一册语十)副

新概念英语第一册语十)情态动

新概念英语第一册语十need用

新概念英语第一册语十：不定代词及不定副新概念英语第一册语十：感叹

新概念英语第一册语十：祈使

新概念英语第一册语法(十八)：倒装句

新概念英语第一册语法(十九)：直接引语/间接引语

新概念英语第一册语法(二十)：单复数

现在进行时．

表示现在正在进行的动作。

构成：主语+be动词+动词的现在分词+其它成分(现在分词的构成见附录)

We are having lunch.

He is reading a book.

The dog is running after a cat.

The boys are swimming across the river.

★变疑问句将be动词移到句首

Are we having lunch?

Is he reading a book?

Is the dog running after a cat?

Are the boys swimming across the river?

★变否定句在be动词后面加 not

We are not having lunch.

He is not reading a book.

The dog is not running after a cat.

The boys are swimming across the river.

★特殊疑问句：what, which, how, where, who, etc.

疑问词+动词+主语+现在分词

What are you doing?

What is she doing?

What is the dog doing?

没有进行时的动词(必背)

表示状态，思想，感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作

1. 表示感觉，感官的词

see, hear, like, love, want,

2. have, has当”拥有”讲时没有进行时

一、时态：

一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时，现在完成时，一般将来时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时

1. 一般现在时

表示一般性，经常性的动作或一般性事实。

1 含有be动词的句子

He is a teacher.

The girl is very beautiful.

Tim and Jack are students.

★变疑问句将be动词移到句首

Is he a teacher?

Is the girl very beautiful?

Are Tim and Jack students?

★变否定句在be动词后面加not

He is not a teacher.

The girl is not very beautiful.

Tim and Jack are not students.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes, he is. No, he is not.

Yes, she is. No, she is not.

Yes, they are. No, they are not.

★不含有be动词的句子，即含有一般动词的句子

第三人称单数及单数名词

He likes books.

She likes him.

The dog likes bones.

★变疑问句在句首加does, 动词变为原型

Does he like books?

Does she like him?

Does the dog like bones?

★变否定句在主语及动词之间加doesn't, 动词变为原型，原句中的动词不再有第三人称变化。 He doesn't like books.

She doesn't like him.

The dog doesn't like bones.

★肯定回答及否定回答：

Yes, he does. No, he doesn't.

Yes, she does. No, she doesn't

Yes, it does. No, it doesn't.

注意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S，不要和名词复数混淆，变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。

其他人称及复数名词

I want to have a bath.

We have some meat.

The students like smart teachers.

★变疑问句在句首加do

Do you want to have a bath?

Do we have any meat?

Do the students like smart teachers?

★变否定句在主语和动词之间加don't.

You don't want to have a bath.

We don't have any meat.

The students don't like smart teachers.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes, I do. No, I don't.

Yes, we do. No, we don't

Yes, they do. No, they don't.

一般过去时

表示过去发生的动作或事件，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last night, the

day before yesterday, 3 days ago,

含有be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，am, is的过去式为was，are的过去式为were

I was at the butcher's.

You were a student a year ago.

The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.

★变疑问句将be动词移动到句首

Were you at the butcher's?

Were you a student a year ago?

Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?

★变否定句在be动词后面加not

I was not at the butcher's.

You were not a student a year ago.

The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.

★肯定回答否定回答

Yes, I was. No, I was not.

Yes, you were. No, you were not.

Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not.

★特殊疑问句：

What did you do?

(必背)

不含有be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，动词过去式构成见附录

I finished my homework yesterday.

The boy went to a restaurant.

The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.

★变疑问句在句首加did，动词变为原型

Did you finish your homework yesterday?

Did the boy go to a restaurant?

Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago?

★变否定句在主语和动词之间加did not

I did not finish my homework yesterday.

The boy did not go to a restaurant.

The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes, I did. No, I didn't.

Yes, he did. No, he didn't.

Yes, they did. No, they did not.

现在完成时

构成：主语+助动词have, has+过去分词

用法：

2) 表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和just, usually, already, since等时间副词连用

I have just had lunch. (饱了，不用再吃了)

He has had a cup of tea.(不渴了，不用再喝)

They have already had their holiday. (不能再度假了)

The boy has already read the book. (已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了)

3) 询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：

Have you finished your homework?

Have you been to Beijing?

Have he seen the film?

4) 表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作

I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.

I have worked for this school for 1 year.

8) 表示一种经历，经验：去过…地方，做过…事情，经历过…事情

I have never had a bath.

I have never seen a film.

I have never been to cinema.

I have ever been to Paris.

Have been to表示去过，have gone to 表示去了

I have been to London.(人已经回来)

He has gone to London.(人还在那里)

11) 表示一种结果，一般不和时间副词联用

I have lost my pen.

I have hurt myself.

He has become a teacher.

She has broken my heart.

句型变化：

★变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否定句在助动词后面加not.

. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes, I have. No, I have not.

★特殊疑问句：

What have you done?

What has he done?

一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：

凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时

注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再延续，因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用错：I've left Beijing for 3 days.

对：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days

一般将来时

表示将来将要发生的动作，经常和tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in five hours' time, etc. 表示将来的词联用

结构：主语+助动词will+动词原形

I will go to America tomorrow.

The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.

Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.

★变疑问句将助动词移到句首

Will you go to America tomorrow?

Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?

Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?

★变否定句在助动词后面加not

I will not go to America tomorrow.

The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next.

Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes, I will. No, I will not.

Yes, he/she will. No, he/she will not.

Yes, he will. No, he will not.

★特殊疑问句：

What will you do?

过去完成时：

用法：在过去的时间里，两个动作中，发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。

结构：had+过去分词

After she had finished her homework, she went shopping.

They had sold the car before I asked the price.

The train had left before I arrived at the station.

After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号，如果放在主句后则不用加。

5 变疑问句将助动词移到句首

Had she finished her homework?

6 变否定句在助动词后面加not

She hadn't finished her homework.

7 肯定回答及否定回答

Yes, she had. No, she hadn't.

8 特殊疑问句：

What had she done?

第二部分

过去进行时

引导的状语从句中。when, while, as表示过去正在进行的动作，经常用在

结构：was/were+doing

When my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins

on the floor.

While we were having dinner, my father was watching TV.

过去将来时

结构：would do

She said she would go here the next morning.

两个特殊句型：there be 句型，be going to 结构

1) Be going to 结构

表示打算，准备，计划做某事

★结构：主语+be动词+going to +动词原型

I am going to make a bookcase.

They are going to paint it.

The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.

★变疑问句将be动词移到句首

Are you going to make a bookcase?

Are they going to paint it?

Is the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter?

★变否定句在be动词后面加not

I am not going to make a bookcase.

They are going to paint it.

The father is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes, I am. No, I am not.

Yes, they are. No, they are not.

Yes, he is. No, he is not.

★特殊疑问句

What are you going to do?

What are they going to do?

What is the father going to do?

必背) (句型2) There be

表示哪里有什么东西(某处有某物)

There is+单数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)

There is a book in this room.

There is a pen on the table

There are+复数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)

There are two pens on the table.

There are three schools there.

★变疑问句将be动词移到句首

Is there a book in this room?

Are there two pens on the table?

★变否定句在动词后面加not

There is not a book in this room.

There are not two pens on the table.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes, there is. No, there is not.

Yes, there are. No, there are not.

新概念英语第一册语法总结(九)：问句

09:35:02

问句

一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句，选择疑问句，否定疑问句

主语+动词/be助动词一般疑问句：1)

Are you a teacher? Do you want to have a cup of tea?

2) 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

What is your name?

3) 选择疑问句： or

Do you want beef or lamb?

4) 反意疑问句：肯定陈述句+否定疑问部分，否定陈述部分+肯定疑问部分

You don't need that pen, do you?

5) 否定疑问句：一般疑问句+否定词

Aren't you lucky? Don't you want have a rest?

新概念英语第一册语法总结(十)：限定词

限定词：some, any, many, much

·some, any 修饰可数名词或不可数名词，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑问句，注意，当期待对方的答案为肯定回答时用some

· many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词，在口语中表示很多一般不用many, much, 而用a lot of, 在否定句中表示很多用many, much.

I have a lot of money. I don't have much money.

新概念英语第一册语法总结(十一):名词

名词：种类，复数，名词所有格

·名词分为可数名词和不可数名词

1)不可数名词

无法分开的东西：water, tea, bread, milk, rice(米)

抽象的东西：love, beauty, coldness(寒冷)

不可数名词有以下特点：

·不能用a, an修饰

·不能加s

·和单数be动词或动词搭配

可数名词：2)

名词复数共有以下几种s, 单数可数名词要用冠词修饰，复数可数名词要在名词后面加

变化：规则变化的名词复数形式

+s . shell→shells book→books一般情况规则1

结尾+es . fox→foxes church→churches, bus→buses, wat以s, x, ch, sh 规则2

ch→watches或+es . potato→potatoes, Negro→Negroes, hero→heroes, to结尾+s规则3 以o

，剩下一般加s, radio→radios(口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿)mato→tomatoes，ves . life →lives half→halves, shelf→she为f, fe结尾的，变f, fe4 规则以lves, city→cities, wife→wives+y结尾，变y5 以辅音字母为i+es . sky→skies fly→flies规则 3)不规则变化的名词复数形式

man(men) woman(women) foot(feet) goose(geese) tooth(teeth)0

child(children) sheep(sheep) deer(deer) mouse(mice) fish(fish)

新概念英语第一册语法总结(十二):副词

09:36:52

副词：用法及形容词变副词的变化

·副词可以修饰形容词，动词，副词或整个句子。如：

The book is very good.

He runs fast.

She came here quite early.

Certainly I will go with you.

副词变化形式：

·直接在形容词后加-ly,

careful-carefully, slow-slowly,

·以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，把y变I, 加-ly,

happy-happily, lucky-luckily

·有些词形容词和副词的形式相同，不需要做任何变化

fast, hard, late

-ly后意思与原词相差很远：·有些词加上 neary-nearly, high-highly, late-lately ):情态动词新概念英语第一册语法总结(十三 09:37:35

情态动词的使用：can, must, may, might, need,

1)情态动词can(能够)， must(必须)， may(可以)

结构：主语+can/must/may+动词原型

He can make the tea.

Sally can air the room.

We can speak English.

★变疑问句将情态动词移到句首

Can he make the tea?

Can Sally air the room?

Can we speak English?

★变否定句在情态动词后面加not

He cannot make the tea.

Sally cannot air the room.

We cannot speak English.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes, he can. No, he cannot.

Yes, she can. No, she cannot.

Yes, we can. No, we cannot.

★特殊疑问句：

What can you do?

) (必背。注意：情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化，不要在情态动词或动词后面加S的区别 2)Must/have to是不得不，是由于客观条件逼迫的必have to must 表示必须，是主观上觉得应该做，

要要做只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里，而have to do可以用在任何时态must

3)must, may, might表示猜测：

· must do 表示对现在事实的猜测·must have done表示对过去事实的猜测

·must have been doing 表示对过去正在进行的事实的猜测

的可能might表示没有任何事实依据的猜测，·may/might do, may/might have done性更小。5·can't/couldn't 表示不可能

新概念英语第一册语法总结(十四)：need 用法

09:38:09

need 用法：

·表示“需要”时为实意动词，后面可以加名词，也可以加不定式：

I need a pen. Do you need any beer? No, I don't.

I need to have a rest.

·Need doing=need to be done，表示被动

The flowers need watering.

·Need在否定时做情态动词使用

You needn't go so early. =You don't need to go so early.

Must I clean the desk right now? No, you needn't.

新概念英语第一册语法总结(十六)：感叹句

09:39:24

感叹句：

1) What +名词+主语+谓语

What a beautiful girl she is!

2) How + 形容词+主语+谓语

How beautiful the girl is!

祈使句：

·第二人称：

let+其他人称代词

·祈使句的否定，加don't

·反意疑问

祈使句(第二人称)

祈使句表示请求，命令，建议，邀请等，谓语动词一律用原型，句子中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹好或者句号，用降调。

★肯定句动词原型

例， Come here, please. Go downstairs, please. Stand up. Sit down. Be quiet. Be careful.

祈使句中如果有唤语，一定要用逗号隔开，放在句首或者句尾

Come in, Amy.

Sit down here, Tom.

Mary, give me a book please.

★否定：Don't+动词原型

Don't come here.

Don't sit down.

Don't stand up.

Don't give me it.

let sb. do

Let me pass.

Let us have a rest.

Let's have a rest.

： (反意疑问)

g the river, shall we? Let's have a walk alon Let us go out for a drink, will you? ：倒装句(十八)新概念英语第一册语法总结 09:40:44

eg.倒装句：so/neither的倒装

He can swim. So can I.

I didn't go to class. Neither did I.

结构：

so/neither+be+ 主语

so/neither+助动词+ 主语

so/neither+情态动词+ 主语

一般现在时， do, does/am, is, are

现在进行时， am, is, are

一般过去时， did

现在完成时， have, has

一般将来时， will, shall,

过去进行时，was, were

过去完成时，had

过去将来时， would

新概念英语第一册语法总结(十九)：直接引语/间接引语

09:41:26

间接引语/直接引语

如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时，那么间接引语要做相应变化：时态，人称，时间地点及指示词

1) 时态变化：

一般现在时--一般过去时

现在进行时--过去进行时

一般过去时--过去完成时

现在完成时--过去完成时

一般将来时--过去将来时

be going to--was/were going to/would

can--could

may--might

2) 时间地点及指示词的变化：

here-there, tomorrow-the next day, the following day, this-that…

3) 人称变化：根据句意改变人称。

4) 直接宾语/间接宾语

主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或事务，也可以说间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的，或者是为谁做的。所以间接宾语要用名词或者宾格代词来担当。

He gives me a book.

me间接宾语， a book直接宾语

直接宾语和间接宾语的位置调换时要加一个介词to或for

主语+及物动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语

Give me a book.

Give the book to me.

Send his a letter.

Send a letter to him.

Show him the new dress.

Show the new dress to him.

新概念英语第一册语法总结(二十)：单复数

1)代词及be动词第一人称第二人称第三人称……

单数复数单数复数单数复数

主格 I we you you she/he/it they

宾格 me us you you her/him/it them

代词所有格 my our your your her/his/its their

名词性代词 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs

be动词现在时 Am are are are is are

be动词过去时 was were were were was were

2)名词的复数

规则变化的名词复数形式

规则1 一般情况+s . shell→shells toy→toys

规则2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es . fox→foxes church→churches

规则3 以o结尾s或+es . radio→radios potato→potatoes

规则4 以f, fe结尾的，变f, fe为ves . life→lives half→halves

规则5 以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+es . sky→skies study→studies

3)动词的第三人称单数形式

规则1 一般情况+s . like-likes, look--looks

规则2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es . do-does, catch--catches

规则5 以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+es . carry-carries, fly--flies

4)动词现在分词

规则一一般动词加-ing . look-looking, read-reading, play-playing

规则二以不发音的字母结尾的单词去e加-ing . make-making, take-taking,

arrive-arriving

规则三重读闭音节词结尾，即单词中只有一个元音字母，其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词，双写辅音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming,

stop--stopping

5)动词过去式

规则动词变化

规则一一般动词加-ed . look-looked, watch-watched, play--played

规则二以e结尾的加-d . make-maked, arrive--arrived

规则三以辅音字母加结尾的变y为i加-ed cry-cried, carry-carried

规则四重读闭音节词结尾，即单词中只有一个元音字母，其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词，双写辅音字母再加-ed stop-stopped,

过去式的读音

在清辅音后面(除外)读/t/ . walked, jumped

在浊辅音和元音后读/d/ . washed, watched

在/t/，/d/后读/id/ . waited, hated

6)形容词和副词的比较级

比较级规则一一般加-er . high-higher

规则二以结尾加-r nice-nicer

规则三以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i再加-er busy-busier,

规则四重读闭音节结尾，双写辅音字母再加-er fat-fatter,

形容词和副词的最高级

最高级规则一一般加-est . high-highest

规则二以结尾加-st nice-nicet

规则三以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i再加-est busy-busiest

规则四重读闭音节结尾，双写辅音字母再加--est fat-fattest

7)常见缩写：

is='s I am=I'm are='re

is not=isn't/ iznt/ are not=aren't /a:nt/

do not=don't

does not=doesn't

was='s

did not=didn't

can not=can't

have='ve

has='s

have not=haven't

has not=hasn't

will='ll

will not=won't

shall not=shan't

个）英语国际音标表（48个）元音（20 /U:/

/i:/

/?:/

/ ?长元音 /ɑ:/

/ /a?/ /e/ /??短元音/ /e??/ /?/ /?/ /?/ //

/ / /a?/ /???/??/ /e/ /??双元音

28个）辅音（/ t/ / k/ /f/ / θ/ /s//p/ 轻辅音/z/ / e/v/ /g/ /d/ /b/ /浊辅音轻辅音?/t/ /ts/ / /?/ h/ /tr/

/ /d/dz/ r/ ?// / 浊辅音?/dr/

/ /m/ /n/ /?鼻音

半元音j/ / / w/

/ ?/

边音

英语音标及字母组合对照元音:1) [i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie ei （eo ey i）

three tree green sheep meet beef see seek

eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please

he she me

piece receive ceiling

2) [ I ]发音字母 i y e ui u a

sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss

myth many twenty happy dictionary

defect decide delicious

3) [ ? ] 发音字母 a

bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man

4) [e] 字母组合 ea e a （ue,u,ie,ai,ei,ay）

head bread pleasure

elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes

many any

5) [ε:] 字母组合ir ur ear er or

girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird

turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger

learn earn earth heard

term her nerd serve

work worm work world

6) [ε] 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u

teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder

doctor actor mayor author tractor

delicious gracious pleasure

familiar collar dollar

together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control polite around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china

men listen

famulus Saturday

7) [a:] 字母组合 ar a

car farm card arm garden

fast class last glass plant aunt calm

8) [ ? ] 发音字母 u o ou oo

up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus

come mother dose brother love above

trouble rough flourish

blood flood

9) [?: ]字母组合 al or au our ar

small wall talk tall hall ball call walk

short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store

author caught autumn four mourn court bought

warm quarrel quarter

发音字母 o a ou? ] ([?])10) [

hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not want wash watch

oo o u11) [u:] 字母组合food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth

shoe do two true truth blue full prude字母组合 oo ou u o12) [u]

look good foot book wood

should could

put full bull pull push

woman wolf

13) [ei] 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey

name cake late gate plane April

play say may way

great break

rain paint plain

they grey

14) [ai] 发音字母 i y

bike fine find die nine light night high

my try fly eye

15) [au] 字母组合 ou ow

house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse

flower down now cow how town o ow oa 16) [εu] 发音字母home cold go no phone host ghost

know low below grow blow show flow boat coat goal字母组合oy oi17) [ ?? ]

boy toy joy

oil soil voice choice

eer ear 18) [iε] 字母组合beer deer

ear near

here fierce idea ear air ere]) ] ([e?19) [ ??字母组合pear bear

chair air fair

there where care字母组合our ower [uε] [au?]20)

hour tour

flower shower

音标对照表国新旧英语际表际新对旧音英语国标照

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（请记住以下特殊疑问句的特殊疑问词） 1、Why （有关原因） 2、What （有关事物） 3、Which （有关事物） 4、Who （有关人物） 5、Whose （有关人物） 6、Where （有关地点） 7、When （有关时间） 8、How （有关方法或状态）（英语中无论时间、地点还是人或事都遵循着从小到大的规则。也遵循着先出现地点后出现时间的规则。）第一部份：词法（请记注以下词性概念，具体的用法参考我们所学过的课文）一、动词：（表示动作或状态等。） 1、记住以下常见系动词

２、记住以下常见助动词二、冠词（用在名词前帮助说明其词义）三、名词（表示人或事物的名称）四、代词（用来代替名词或数词等，包含反身代词）五、形容词（用来修饰名词或代词）六、副词（用来修饰动词、形容词、或副词）七、介词（用在名词、代词等前面，表示与别的词的关系）八、数词（表示数目或顺序）九、连词（用来加接词与词或句与句）十、感叹词（表示说话时的感情或口气）第二部分：词法规则一、可数名词的复数规则变化 1、一般情况下未尾加“s”。 2、以x，ss，sh，ch，x结尾的名词加“es”。 3、以ce,se,ze,（d）ge结尾的词加“s”。 4、以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变“y”为“i”在加“es”。 5、以元音字母+y结尾的词，直接加“s”。 6、以f，fe结尾的名词一般变“f”或“fe”为“v”在加“es”。（以f或fe结尾的部分名词可直接加“s”） 7、以o结尾的名词一般加“s”。（部分以辅音字母+o结尾的加“es”）二、规则动词的过去式与过去分词变化与动词现在分词的变化 1、一般动词过去式在未尾加“ed”。 2、结尾是e的动词加“d”。 3、未尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加“ed”。 4、结尾是辅音字母+y的动词，先变“y”为“i”在加“ed”。 5、动词的现在分词一般情况下在原形后加“ing”。 6、如果以e结尾的动词则去“e”在加“ing”来构成现在分词。 7、如果动词只有一个元音字母，而后面跟了一个辅音字母时，则需双写辅音字母再加“ing” 来构成动词的现在分词。三、形容词与副词的比较级、最高级（比较级在未尾加“er”而最高级在未尾加“est”）它们都遵循着以下规则 1、一般情况下单音节的形容词或副词则在原形未尾加“er”。 2、如果以e结尾的形容词或副词则加“r”。 3、有些以y结尾的双音节词，如果y前面是一个辅音字母则变“y”为“i”在加“er”。

新概念英语第一册： 129-130课语法及单词解析

新概念英语第一册： 129-130课语法及单词解析【篇一】语法 Grammar in use 表示猜测和推断的情态助动词must和can't(2) must与can't不仅能表达对现在和将来的猜测和推断，而且能表达对过去的猜测和推断——这时可用 must have been表示肯定的推断，用can't have been(而不是mustn't have been)来表示否定的推断，如后面跟进行时则表示对过去正在进行的动作的猜测。请看例句： You must have been driving at seventy miles an hour. 你当时肯定正以每小时70英里的速度行驶。 I didn't see it. I must have been dreaming. 我没看见。我当时一定是在胡思乱想吧。 She can't have been 29.She must have been 36. 她那时肯定不会是29岁，她一定36岁了。 He can't have been reading. He must have been sleeping. 他那时肯定不是在看书，他准是在睡觉。【篇二】词汇学习 Word study charge v. (1)罚款;使承受经济负担： He was charged by the policeman for speeding. 他因开车超速而被警察罚款。

(2)要(价);收(费)： The hotel charged them ￡ 900 for one night. 饭店向他们索要900英镑作为住一晚的费用。(3)指控;指责： They charged him with murder. 他们指控他犯了谋杀罪。【篇三】 dream v. (1)做梦;梦见： He dreamt about his grandmother last night. 他昨天夜里梦见他的祖母了。 Do you often dream at night? 你晚上经常做梦吗? (2)梦想;幻想： She dreamed that one day she would be as free as a bird 她幻想着有一天自己能像鸟儿那般自由。 I once dreamed of becoming a famous doctor. 我曾一度梦想着成为一位的医生。 (3)出神;心不在焉;空想： Don't dream away your life! 不要在想入非非中虚度你的人生。 Sorry, I didn't see the sign. I must have been dream ing.

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