利用上下位关系的中文短文本分类
2016年高考英语真题分类汇编：专题09-短文改错(解析版)
2016年高考试题分项解析之专题9短文改错 1.【2016·全国新课标I】短文改错（10 分） 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。 文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（ ），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。学科&网 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。 My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that 1 live .Though not very big ,but the restaurant is popular in our area .It is always crowded with customers at meal times .Some people even had to wait outside My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady. 【答案】 1. that →where 2. but去掉 3. had →have 4. honest→ honesty 5. or→ and 6. using →used 7. becoming前加of 8. the →a 9. our→ his 10. stead→steadily 【归纳总结】在英语中though、although、while或者as等引导的让步状语从句不和but连用；连词because不和so连用；此外，return不和back连用。 3. had →have 考查动词时态。文章是介绍现在的情况，应该用一般现在时。 4. honest→ honesty 考查名词。此处是指诚实是他成功的秘诀，用名词形式。而形容词honest 意思是“诚实的”，是指人的性格特点。
文章体裁分类文体常识及写作手法(整理)
文章体裁及文体常识 第一章文章体裁及文体常识综述 文体分为文章体裁和文学体裁。 文章体裁：记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文、演讲稿。 文学体裁：诗歌、小说、戏剧、散文。 （一）有塑造形象的是文学作品：四大类 一、诗歌：诗、词、曲、民谣等。 二、散文：描写出对社会、人生、自然界的特殊感悟。 三、小说：塑造人物形象反映社会生活。 四、戏剧：指剧本、戏剧文学、电影文学（神话、传说、寓言、童话、民间故事等可列入小说类） （二）没有塑造形象的是一般实用文章：四大类 一、记叙文：消息、通讯、特写、人物专访、传记、记人叙事。 二、说明文：说明具体事物或事理，介绍科技知识、地理状况等。 三、议论文：对人或事发表自己的见解、主张、看法或批驳对方观点。有时评、社论、按语、杂文及观后感、读后感等。 四：应用文：固定格式、固定用途、专门对象。书信、通知、启事、调查报告、借条、申请书等。 （三）写作手法 属于艺术表现手法（即：艺术手法和表现手法，也含表达手法（技巧）），常见的有：夸张，对比，比喻，拟人，悬念，照应，联想，想象，抑扬结合、点面结合、动静结合、叙议结合、情景交融、衬托对比、伏笔照应、托物言志、白描细描、铺垫悬念、正面侧面比喻象征、借古讽今、卒章显志、承上启下、开门见山，烘托、渲染、动静相衬、虚实相生，实写与虚写，托物寓意、咏物抒情等。 （四）表达方式 就是常见的叙述、描写、抒情、议论和说明。（其实也属于艺术表现手法）。 （五）修辞手法： 就是修辞格的运用，常见的修辞格有比喻、比拟、借代、夸张、对偶、排比、设问、反问（以上8种为大纲规定必须掌握的修辞格），以及反复、双关、反语、引用、对比、衬托（映衬）、顶针（顶真、连珠）、移用、通感、婉曲、回文、呼告、互文等。
高考英语短文改错常见错误类型
短文改错常见错误类型： 1.动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，常见动词错误类型有 ①一般现在时与一般过去时错用 ② and前后动词时态不一致 ③主谓不一致 ④缺少动词,特别是be动词 ⑤第三人称单数形式错用; ⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。 如2014新课标全国卷I Since then—for all these year—we had been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please. 答案：had改为have 本句的时间状语是all these years，通常和现在完成进行时连用。所以使用have been doing的形式。 如2014新课标全国卷II My dream school starts at 8:30 am and ends at 3:30 pm. There are three lesson in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn’t need to do so many homework. 答案：didn’t改为don’t 本文叙述“我”的梦想学校的情况。根据文章第一句My dream school starts at 8:30 am可知本文基本时态是一般现在时。 如2014新课标全国卷II We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening music. 答案：sat改为sit 本句中的or表示选择关系，也是一个并列连词，所以与前面的lie同样都使用动词原形。 如2014四川卷 Today, I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off. 答案: go改为goes。本句的主语a fire alarm为单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式goes。
2019高考英语【短文改错】专题训练
短文改错专题 一．改错题型特点： 高考短文改错是知识和能力的综合测试题型。主要考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的准确性及词、句、篇和语法的综合水平。高考短文改错设置的考点灵活多变，知识层次多，覆盖面广，包括词法、句法、行文逻辑以及语篇结构等，是一种在较高层次上考查考生对英语知识的掌握和语言综合运用能力的测试题型。 二．短文改错常见考点设置： 考点1：名词 命题特点: 本来用复数,却用单数；本来用单数，却用复数。 记住常考的几个不可数名词：news, work(工作), advice, fun, progress, information, luck, weather, music, health, change(零钱),baggage(行李), luggage(行李),furniture, jewellery, equipment等 改正方法: (1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份(2)根据上下文的逻辑关系. 1. She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success. 2. After class we become stranger at once. 3. They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I’ll get marks in all my subject. 4. On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. 5. There are advantage for students to work while studying at school. 6. Now we can get millions of informations from the Internet. 7. He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests. 8. She is one of the most intelligent girl in our class. 9. I looked at his other hands. 10. Most of them are peasant and some often go fishing in the sea. 11. We have made great progresses with Mr. Liu teaching us. 12. Head teacher Guy Holloway said the new rules should help students get higher grade. 13. He was tall, with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black toward gray over the years. 14. He’s getting married next month and decides to buy some furnitures. 考点2：代词 命题特点：1.男女性代词用反；2.单数指代复数；3.代词词性用错；4.缺少人称代词。 改正方法: 根据上下文的逻辑关系以及人称代词的数和格的一致问题。 15. Rose is such a kind girl that we all like him very much. 16. The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. 17. I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. 18. It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited. 19. Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself as I was learning to express me in simple English. 20. My story book is much more interesting than her. 21. One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. 22. Some students may also save up for our college or future use. 23. Do you think necessary for you to learn Japanese well? 24. I dressed me quickly and hurried out the house. 25. You’d better keep that he said in mind. 26. He has three children, two of them are teachers. 27. The population of China is much larger than it of the USA.
2018年高考试题分类汇编含答案解析09短文改错
2018年高考短文改错 【2018·全国I】短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（Λ），并在其下面写出该加的次。 删除：把多余的用斜线（\）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：(1).每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； (2).只允许修改10处，多者（从第l1处起）不计分。 71. During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also Iwent here again,they had a big separnte house to raise dozens of chicken.They also had a small pond,which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed. 【答案】During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I a change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and animals. Last winter when I went again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of . They also had a small pond they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by the fish. I felt that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, he agreed. 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在去年寒假期间和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶过程中的所见所闻，由此讲述了乡下的巨大变化。 1. countryside前加the 考查冠词。去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。
短文改错常见错误类型
短文改错常见错误类型 一谓语动词的错误 1.一般现在时与一般过去时错用 2.and 前后动词时态不一致 3.主谓不一致 4.缺少动词,特别是be 动词 5.第三人称单数形式错用 6.主动语态和被动语态错用 二名词的常见错误 1.单复数名词错用 2.注意区分名词是可数还是不可数 3.或根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断 三连词错误 考点：连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and\or\ but等（一般考查从句关系who\whom\whose\ what\ which\ how\why\ when\ where\ if \whether） 四冠词错误 1.误用a 和an （根据单词的音素来判定）。 2.误用a 和the （固定搭配，各自单独使用的地方）。 3.多余的冠词或者少冠词。 五、形容词和副词错误 1.系动词后用形容词。（be, am , is , are ,were, become. Go ）感官动词：smell, feel 2.词性的误用：形容词修饰名词副词修饰实义动词、形容词和副词。 六、代词错误 1.代词的主格和宾格：i me he him she her we us they them 2.反身代词：myself yourself himself herself themselves ourselves 3.代词的单数和复数 4.多余的代词和少代词 七、非谓语动词的常见错误 1。不定式，动名词做主语，宾语。 2。And 连接的不定式或动名词前后一致（尤其距离较远时） 3。介词后用动名词、V-ing形式作宾语。 4。某些动词后要求接动名词或者不定式。 八、介词错误 1。词组中的介词误用 2。介词意思理解偏差 3。介词的多用或少用 九、习惯用法要记住 主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点。其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误 十、逻辑错误须关注 1。与句子的上下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误 2。如称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面错误，常是这类错误的考察对象。短文改错做题技巧
高考英语专题短文改错二十篇1-20(附答案)
1. Three friends and I was driving on a highway. While we were going at least 50 miles per hour, we passed over a car. It had broken down, stopped on the side of the road. My friend slows down, and pulled behind the other car. He got out of the car immediate and before I knew it he was helping the other person push the car down the road to a spot where wasn’t so close to the passing cars. From the way they were pushing the car, it looked as if my friend was pushing them all by himself. I thought my friend help a complete stranger like this was a great thing, but I won’t forget his good nature or character. 2. Dear Brad, I’m very glad to hear from you. In your last letter you ask about the post-80s in China. Actually I am the boy who belongs to this group. Comparing with our parents, life for us is getting much hard. The job market is tough and the house is expensively to afford. Now many girls prefer to marry with a man who owns a house and a car. Therefore, I don’t think love built on house and cars is true love, and I doubt how long it will last. As a matter of fact, though situations are tough today, a lot of we post-80s are making great efforts live a good life. I believe we will have a nice future. Li Hua 3. Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, Some of us are having problems about our parents, as they often look into our school bags or read our diaries. I fully understand why we are comfortable about it, but it is no need to feel too sadly. Our parents are checking in our bags or diaries to make sure we’re not getting into troubles. They have probably heard of some horrible stories about other kids and thinking we might do the same. Or perhaps they just want to connect with us and are doing it all wrong. My suggestion is: Tell them we want them to trust us as many as we’d like to trust them. If you don’t think you can talk to them, write them a letter and leave it lie around --- they are bound to read it. Thank you!
高考英语短文改错分类解析
高考英语短文改错分类解析 解题步骤： 1. 着手篇章，了解大意 考生做短文改错时，不应急于改错，而应先把文章浏览一遍，弄清文章的脉络层次和中心思想，把握作者所采用的时态、语态、人称和数。可以先把短文中明显的错误(如固定词组、词性、单复数)或认为有可能的错误(如句子结构的错误)用铅笔轻轻地标出来，为下一步正式改错做准备。 2. 逐句分析，依句改错 在短文改错中，题随行出、错随句生。因此，考生应在略读全文、把握文章中心思想的基础上，对文章进行逐行逐句研究，从词汇的用法、句子的结构到文章的篇章逻辑都要进行仔细地推敲，把错误之处一一改正过来，切不可孤立地依行改错。若一时发现不了错误，不要揪住一处不放而耽搁太多时间。可以在全文改完以后，再回过头来进行难点突破。若已改出了八、九处错误，剩余一两处实在找不出错误而时间又来不及时，则大胆地打上钩，不留空白。当然，有些考生在考试过程中由于紧张而脾气急躁，一看找不到错处就打勾，这也是不明智的。因为近几年来，该题的出题方式基本稳定，只有一处是正确的。 3. 复读全文，检查核对 考生在做完短文改错题后，务必要把已改好的短文复读一遍，查看是否出现疏漏或遗漏的地方，特别要注意时态、语态、代词所指及人称和数等篇章逻辑方面的问题，检查无误后方可定稿作答。 错误分类解析： 高考英语短文改错分类解析---名词 一、考点规律分析 短文改错的名词考点主要涉及名词的单复数问题，即在该用复数的地方误用其单数，或在该用单数的地方误用其复数。 二、真题单句归纳 (1) We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. (2) We climb everywhere, not only in America. We have been to Europe many time. (3) There are branch library in many villages. (4) I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon. (5) They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question. (6) We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics. (7) Happy birthday, Peter, and many happy return of the day! (8) She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning. (9) She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success. (10) I used to love science class — all of them— biology, chemistry, geography, physics. (11) They did not want me to do any work at family. (12) I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (13) On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. (14) Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well. (15) Their word were a great encouragement to me. (16) You know, that was a dinner we had waited for several month. (17) Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby. (18) You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the Internet. 三、模拟单句演练 (1) Women live longer than men in most country. (2) The film is very interesting. I have seen it many time. (3) It’s said that all the ticket have been sold out. (4) The children spend a lot of times watching TV. (5) I met a lot of interesting peoples on holiday. (6) The flower in the park were all pleasing. (7) He’s getting married next month and decides to buy some furnitures. (8) Computer are becoming more and more popular in the country. (9) It’s one of the most interesting book that I’ve ever read. (10) Hearing the news, the woman burst into tear. (11) He hasn’t lived here long, but he has a great many friend here.
文章体裁分类汇总
文章体裁分类 一、有塑造形象的是文学作品：四大类 即文学体裁（又称文学样式），诗歌：诗、词、曲、民谣等；散文：描写出对社会、人生、自然界的特殊感悟；小说：塑造人物形象反映社会生活；戏剧：指剧本、戏剧文学、电影文学（神话、传说、寓言、童话、民间故事等可列入小说类） （一）诗歌：是人类社会最早出现的一种文学样式 （二）散文：是指与诗歌、戏剧、小说并列的一种文学体裁。散文的种类有： ①记叙散文：以记人、叙事为主的散文（以记叙为主兼有抒情的成分） ②抒情散文：以抒发作者感情为主的散文 ③议论散文：以说理为主的散文 （三）小说：小说是以塑造人物形象为中心，通过完整的故事情节和具体的环境描写来反映社会生活的一种文学体裁。 （四）戏剧（略） （五）其他文体 （1）童话：儿童文学的一种体裁；（2）寓言：带有劝喻或讽谏性的故事；（3）神话故事；（4）民间故事；（5）传说；（6）回忆录 二、没有塑造形象的是一般实用文章：四大类 （一）记叙文：消息、通讯、特写、人物专访、传记、记人叙事。 （二）说明文：说明具体事物或事理，介绍科技知识、地理状况等。 （三）议论文：对人或事发表自己的见解、主张、看法或批驳对方观点。有时评、社论、按语、杂文及观后感、读后感等、 （四）应用文：固定格式、固定用途、专门对象。书信、通知、启事、调查报告、借条、申请书等。 三、相关常识 （一）文学体裁是指文学作品的具体样式，它是文学形式的因素之一。一切文学作品的思想内容都要通过这样或那样的体裁来表现，没有体裁的文学作品是不存在的。这犹如人们做衣服，必定要量体裁衣，选择一定的样式。在文学发展的历史上，出现了多种多样的文学体裁，例如神话、史诗、寓言、行情诗、叙事诗、短篇小说、中篇小说、长篇小说、悲剧、喜剧、正剧、抒情散文、杂文、报告文学等等。这些名目繁多的文学体裁的产生和演变，都有一定的社会根据和它本身的发展规律。 （二）写作手法属于艺术表现手法（即：艺术手法和表现手法，也含表达手法（技巧）），常见的有：夸张，对比，比喻，拟人，悬念，照应，联想，想象，抑扬结合、点面结合、动静结合、叙议结合、情景交融、衬托对比、伏笔照应、托物言志、白描细描、铺垫悬念、正面侧面比喻象征、借古讽今、卒章显志、承上启下、开门见山，烘托、渲染、动静相衬、虚实相生，实写与虚写，托物寓意、咏物抒情等。 （三）表达方式就是常见的叙述、描写、抒情、议论和说明。（其实也属于艺术表现手法）。 （四）修辞手法就是常见的比喻、对比、比拟、对偶、借代、夸张、互文、双关、反问、设问、反复、反语、引用等。 （五）中国古典文学体裁分为：诗和文，文又分为韵文和散文。 现代一般分为：诗歌、散文、小说、戏剧，并称为四大文学体裁；中国的抒情诗和散文（称为古文）最早而比较发达。 西方则分为：诗歌与散文两个基本类型。叙事诗和戏剧成熟较早，此外小说比较发达。 答案补充
高考英语短文改错分类解析非谓语动词
非谓语动词 一、考点规律分析 短文改错对非谓语动词的考查主要涉及不定式符号 to 的有无，介词后该使用动词的什么形式(用动名词)，并列结构中几个非谓语动词是否一致，动词用作主语时用何种形式(可用动名词或不定式，但不能用动词原形)等。 二、真题单句归纳 (1) David and I wanted go off to find help but Bill insisted on staying near the car. (wanted 后加 to，因为want 后要接不定式) (全国卷) (2) …rather than go into the forest and getting lost. (getting 改 get，因为 get 与其前的go 并列) (全国卷) (3) David pointed to a path which he thought would probably leading to a village. (leading 改为 lead，因为其前有助动词 would) (全国卷) (4) I went back to get David and helped him to stood up. (stood 改为 stand，因为 to stand up 在此为不定式结构) (全国卷)
(5) Charles and Linda Mason do all of these things as well as climbed building. (climbed 改为 climb / climbing，若将 as well as 视为连词，则将 climbed 改为 climb，因为它与其前 的 do 并列；若将 as well as 视为介词，则climbing，因为介词后动词用动名词) (全国卷) (6) Modern people know more about health, have better food, and to live in clearer surroundings. (去掉live 前的 to，因为 live 与其前的 know, have 并列) (全国卷) (7) The World Health Organization and other organizations are working improve health all over the world. (improve前加to，to improve…为表目的的不定式短语) (全国卷) (8) …you pay the cost of send a postcard, the librarian will write to you. (send改为sending，因为介词后接动名词作宾语) (全国卷) (9) …and let you to know when th e book you want has returned (去掉 know 前的 to，因为其前有动词 let) (全国卷)
散文的种类
散文的种类抒情性散文、叙事性散文和议论性散文 偏重于抒情的散文应写出意境,偏重于写人叙事的散文应写出生活情趣。这应该是我们创作和评价散文的标准和尺度。 抒情性散文是通过对景物或事物的描写来抒发感情的文章。抒情，是作者把自己对客观事物的喜、怒、哀、乐等主观感受，通过直接或间接的方式加以表现抒发的一种作文技法。抒情的目的是倾吐情感，引人共鸣。这类文章重点在于抒发作者的内心之情。写人、写景、叙事、观物都是为抒情服务的，因此，以情织文，是其特点。由于抒情散文是以抒发主观情感为出发点，以空灵飘逸见长，着力点在于准确表达感情色彩的语言运用上，因而它往往需要借助具象，写景状物来抒发主观情感。文中的景或物是作者抒情的依托，作者往往将所要抒发的情感具象化，运用比兴、象征、拟人等手法，或写景抒情，情景交融，或托物咏志，有所寄托，以达到抒情的目的。大致可分为借景抒情、因物抒情和以事抒情三类。 叙事性散文即以写人记事为主的散文。它以叙事为主，叙事情节不求完整但很集中。这类散文对人和事的叙述和描绘较为具体、突出，同时表现作者的认识和感受，也带有浓厚的抒情成分，字里行间充满饱满的感情。叙事散文侧重于从叙述人物和事件的发展变化过程中反映事物的本质，具有时间、地点、人物、事件等因素，从一个角度选取题材，表现作者的思想感情。例如：鲁迅的《藤野先生》、吴伯箫的《记一辆纺车》、朱德的《母亲的回忆》。根据该类散文内容的侧重点不同，又可将它区分为记事散文和写人散文。所以，阅读叙事性散文应从以下两个方进行：一. 理清线索。叙事性散文的情节虽不完整，但很有条理。阅读时，我们不妨首先把握住作文的行文思路，看看作者叙述了一件什么事，怎样叙述的。二. 巧借联想。充分展开联想是散文叙事抒情的重要表现手法，为此，我们阅读叙事性散文最重要的抓住联想的结合点，形与神的结合点，更好地体味散文的感情，领悟散文的意境美。广义上的叙事性散文，包括记人、叙事、写景、状物等类的文章。古代的记、传、序、表、志等，现代的消息、通讯、简报、特写、传记、回忆录、游记等，都属于叙事文的范畴。 议论性散文具有抒情性、形象性和哲理性的特点，它给读者一种富于理性的形象和情感，从而提供一个广阔的思索和联想的空间。它往往蕴含深邃的哲理，熔情感、哲理、形象于一炉。鉴赏议论性散文，要注重从情中悟理，在理中染情，仔细体会情理交融的艺术特点。议论性散文属于散文，属于文学作品，而不是议论文。但是，它和一般性的散文如叙事性散文、写景性散文、抒情性散文有所不同，它的思想内涵是理，是对关于社会、人生等问题的独特思考，其目的在于启发人、教育人，散文只是它的写作笔法。从这个意义上讲，议论性散文的教学首先应该让学生明理，即把握文章表达的事理或象征意义。但是，议论性散文又不是规规矩矩的议论文，它不是按照概念、判断、推理的逻辑形式来推理表达的，也不完全是按照提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的结构形式来组织成文的，它的写法比较灵活自由，套用一句现成话来说，就是“形散神不散”。还有两点特别值得我们注意（在我看来，恰恰是最为重要的两点）：一是议论性散文在说理时常常是运用文学语言来表达，有时说得很委婉、含蓄。二是这种散文在说理时还常常伴随着强烈的感情色彩和鲜明的个性化色彩。 此外还有说明性散文和散文诗等。 说明性散文实用性很强，因此它的要求是朴实无华，不尚雕饰，用字准确，谴词精练。 散文诗是一种独立的、跨文体的文学体裁。散文诗是一种高雅的艺术，它善于表达的是人的心灵，以及心灵里无限广阔的宇宙般不可知的神秘世界。散文诗的高雅在于它的精神气质，它的气质是孤傲而高贵的，但它又不失善良纯净以及母亲般博爱的心怀。罗修云 以写人记事为主的散文。这类散文对人和事的叙述和描绘较为具体、突出，同时表现作者的认识和感受，也带有浓厚的抒情成分，字里行间充满饱满的感情。叙事散文侧重于从叙述人物和事件的发展变化过程中反映事物的本质，具有时间、地点、人物、事件等因素，从一个角度选取题材，表现作者的思想感情。例如：鲁迅的《藤野先生》、吴伯箫的《记一辆纺车》、朱德的《母亲的回忆》。根据该类散文内容的侧重点不同，又可将它区分为记事散文和写人散文。
英语短文改错常见类型
英语短文改错常见类型 1. while 和when ●when 解析〔引导时间状语从句〕 （1）．表明一个动作发生的时候，另一个动作正在进行之中。例如： When the teacher came into the classroom ，we wereplaying．当老师走进教室时，我们正在玩闹。 （2）．表明当某一动作正在进行时，另一动作发生了。如： When Lily was flying a kite，she found a child crying on the ground．莉莉正在放风筝时，她发现操场上有个小孩哭。 〔特别提示〕当when从句放在主句之后时，它更强调某一动作的突然性，此时的when相当于and then，and suddenly，just at that time。 I was taking a walk when I came across Lily．我正在散步时，（没想到）遇见了莉莉。 特别是主句中有just，或when从句中有suddenly时，这种突然性更为明显、强烈。例如：We were doing my homework at home last night when the lights went out．昨天晚上我正在家写作业时，灯（突然）灭了。 〔相关链接〕when引导的状语从句除了上述意义之外，也常具有其他一些含义：1．一……就……（＝as soon as） We will stand up when the teacher comesin．老师一进来我们就起立。 2．虽然；然而；可是（＝although） We had only five boxes when we needed eight．我们需要八个箱子，可是只有五个。 3．每当……（＝whenever） It is always very hot here when it is summer．每当夏季，这儿总是很热。 4．既然（＝since，as） Why did you come here on foot when you know you should come by bike？既然你知道该骑自行车来，你为何还要步行呢？ ●while 解析 while引导状语从句，有以下两种含义： （1）．表示某个动作正在进行的同时，另一动作也在进行之中，这时主从句都用进行时态，有对同类的两个动作进行对比的意味。如： While I was playing the game，she was readcing．我在玩游戏，她在读书。 （2）．表示某个动作正在进行时，又发生了另一动作（该动作用一般过去时）。如： While I was reading，I fell asleep．我读着读着就睡着了。 〔相关链接〕 while还有以下几种常见用法： （1）．只要（＝as long as） There will be life while there is water and air．只要有空气和水，就会有生命。 （2）．而；然而〔表示对比〕 He is a driver while I'm a teacher．他是司机，而我是老师。 （3）．虽然（＝although）；尽管〔表示让步〕 While I see what you say，I can't agree with you．虽然我能理解你说的话，但是我不能同意你。（4）．用作名词，表示“一会儿或一段时间”，常与a，the或this等连用。如： Just wait a while and then I will help you．等一下，我会来帮你的。 2.不定冠词与定冠词
2019年高考英语真题及部分模拟题分类汇编9【短文改错题】附答案解析
2019年高考英语真题及部分模拟题分类汇编 9【短文改错题】 一、2019年高考真题 1.【2019·全国卷I】 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意： 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。 I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.One afternoon where I was in primary school,I was walking by the school playground.Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me.I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. To everyone`s surprising,the ball went into the net.All the football player on the playground cheered loudly,say that I had a talent for football.From now on,I started to play my football with classmates after school.I am a good player now. 【答案】 I became interesting int erested in playing football thanks to a small accident.One afternoon where when I was in primary school,I was walking by the school playground.Suddenly a football fell just in front of me but and almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly hard back to the playground.To everyone’s surprising surprise ,the ball went into the net.All the football player players on the playground cheered loudly,say saying that I had a talent for football.From now then on,I started to play my football with classmates after school.I am a good player now. 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了由于一次偶然的经历，自己喜欢上了踢足球。从此成了一名优秀球员。 第一处：【解析】考查形容词用法。“interest（使感兴趣；使关注）”的形容词有interesting（使人