剑桥雅思考官范文整理1-8

剑桥1

News editors decide what to broadcast on television and what to print in newspapers.

What factors do you think influence these decisions?Do we become used to bad news?Would it be better if more good news was reported?

news”,because it does not sell newspapers.A radio station that

soon found that it had gone out of business for lack of listeners.Bad news on the other hand is so common that in order to cope with it,we often simply ignore it.We have become immune to bad news and the newspapers and radio stations are aware of this.

newspapers and TV stations mainly aim to report world events accurately,like the natural or human disasters,political events or the horrors of war.While it is also true that their main objective is to sell newspapers and attract listeners and viewers to their https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1916791025.html, and radio stations attempt to

listeners’’

reflect the flavor of their station by providing news broadcasts tailor-made to suit their listeners preferences.Programs specializing in pop music or TV soap operas focus more on local news,home issues

The more serious stations and newspapers like to provide“so called”objective news reports with editorial comments aimed at analyzing the situation.

newspapers and TV stations are tailoring their news to their readers’and viewers’requirements,how can they possibly be reporting real world events in an honest and objective light?Many radio and TV stations do,in fact,report items of good news but they no longer call this news.They refer to these as

human interest stories and package them in programs

issues.Good news now comes to us in the form of

the latest developments in the fight to save the planet from environmental pollution.

剑桥2

Test1Writing task2

“Fatherhood ought to be emphasized as much as motherhood.The idea that women are solely responsible for deciding whether or not to have babies leads on to the idea that they are also responsible for binging the children up.”

To what extent do you agree or disagree.

I believe that child-rearing should be the responsibility of both parents and that,whilst the roles within that partnership may be different,they are nevertheless equal in importance.In some societies,it has been made easier over the the traditional family,

the most satisfactory way of bringing up children.

What is is how we define“responsible for bringing the children up.”At its simplest,necessary to provide a home,food and clothes and making sure the education.This would be the basic definition.

There is,however,another possible way of defining that part of the quotation.That would say it is not just the father’s responsibility to provide the basics for his children,while his wife involves herself in the everyday activity of bringing them up.Rather,he should share those daily duties,spend as much time as his job allows within his children,play with them,read to them,help directly within their education,participate very fully in their lives and encourage them to share his.

It is this second,fuller,concept of“fatherhood”I am in favor of,although I also realize how difficult it is to achieve sometimes.The economic and development situation in many countries means that jobs are getting more,not less,stressful,requiring long hours and perhaps long journeys to work as well.Therefore it may remain for many a desirable ideal rather than an achievable reality.

Test2Writing task2

“Prevention is better than cure.”

Out of a country’s health budget,a large proportion should be diverted from treatment to spending on health education and preventative measures.

To what extent do you agree of disagree with this statement?

Of course it goes without saying that prevention is better than cure.That is why,in recent years,there has been a growing body of opinion in favor of putting more resources into health education and preventive measures. The argument is that ignorance of,for example,basic hygiene or the dangers of an unhealthy diet or lifestyle needs to be combated by special nationwide publicity campaigns,as well as longer-term health education.

Obviously,there is a strong human argument for catching any medical condition as early as possible.There is also an economic argument for doing so.Statistics demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of treating a condition in early stages,rather than delaying until more expensive and prolonged treatment is necessary.Then there are social or economic costs,perhaps in terms of loss of earnings for the family concerned or unemployed benefit paid by the state.

So far so good,but the difficulties start when we try to define what the“proportion”of the budget should be, particularly if the funds will be“diverted from treatment”.Decisions on exactly how much of the total health budget should be spent in this way are not a matter for the non-specialist,but should be made on the basis of an accepted health service model.

This is the point at which real problems occur—the formulation of the model.How do we accurately measure which health education campaigns are effective in both medical and financial terms?How do we agree about the medical efficacy of various screening programs,for example,when the medical establishment itself does not agree?A very rigorous process of evaluation is called for,so that we can make informed decisions.

Test4Writing task2

The position of women in society has changed markedly in the last twenty years.Many of the problems young people now experience,such as juvenile delinquency,arise from the fact that many married women now work and are not at home to care for their children.

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

It is certainly true that the position of women in society has undergone a dramatic change in the past twenty years but I do not feel that this is a direct cause of the indisputable increase in juvenile-related problems during this period.

women should find work on leaving school;indeed to rely totally on their

is no longer an option in many families.Likewise,once they get married,the majority of women continue working since the financial pressures of setting up a house and establishing a reasonable of living often require two incomes.

Twenty years ago it was common for women to give up work once they had children and devote their time to caring for their children.This is no longer the general rule and provision of professionally-run child care facilities and day nurseries have removed much of the responsibility for child rearing that used to fall to mothers. However,these facilities come at a cost and often require two salaries coming into a family to be afforded.

in the number of working mothers has resulted in children being brought up

Indeed it could be argued that by giving mothers the opportunity to work and earn extra money children can be better provided for than previously.There is more money for luxuries and holidays and a more secure family life is possible.Of course there are limits as to the amount of time that ideally should be spent away from home and the ideal scenario would be for one of the parents(often the wife)to have a part-time job and thus be available for their children before and after school.It is important to establish the correct balance between family life and working life.

AGREE&DISAGREE

剑三TEST2

When a country develops its technology,the traditional skills and ways of life die out.It is pointless to try and keep them alive.

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

Overall,I disagree with the opinion expressed.I would like to begin by pointing out that“traditional skills and ways of life”are not automatically of one country,but of a culture or community.

In many ways,the history of civilization is the history of technology:from the discovery of fire to the invention of the wheel to the development of the Internet,we have been moving on from previous ways of doing things.Some technologies,such as weapons of mass destruction,are of negative impact.Others,such as medical advances, positively help people to live better or longer,and so very much help traditional ways of life.Surely,few people would seek to preserve such tradition as living in caves.

Interestingly,technology can positively contribute to the keeping alive of traditional skills and ways of life. example,the populations of some islands are too small to have normal schools.Rather than breaking up families by sending children to the mainland,education authorities have been able to use the Internet to deliver

schooling online.In addition,the Internet,and modern refrigeration techniques,are being used to keep alive the traditional skills of producing salmon;It can now be ordered from,and delivered to,anywhere in the world.

In conclusion,without suggesting that all technology is necessarily good,I think it is by on means“pointless”,in ,to try to keep traditions alive with technology.We should not ignore technology,because it can be our friend and support our way of life.

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OPINION剑三TEST3

In many countries children are engaged in some kind of paid work.Some people regard this as completely wrong,while others consider it as valuable work experience,important for learning and taking responsibility.

What are your opinions on this?

The issue of children doing paid work is a complex and sensitive one.It is difficult to say who has the right to judge whether children working is‘wrong’or‘valuable’.Opinions will also differ as to‘learning’benefits:no doubt teachers and factory owners,for example,would have varying concerns.

the kind of work undertaken.Young children doing arduous and repetitive tasks

are less likely to be‘learning’than older children helping in an old

people’’s home.There are health and safety issues

people

many employers may prefer to use the services of

adults and should be discouraged.

However,in many countries children work because their families need the additional income,no matter how small.countries,

that it in this way.

Nevertheless,in better economic circumstances,few parents would choose to send their children out to

full-time paid work.If learning responsibilities and work experience are considered to be important,then children can acquire these by having light,part-time jobs or even doing tasks such as helping their parents around the family home,which are unpaid,but undoubtedly of value in children’s development.

WHICH/WHAT/HOW

Test A

Topic:Some people believe that children’s leisure activities must be educational,otherwise they are a complete waste of time.Do you agree or disagree?

Give reasons for your answer and include relevant examples from your experience.

Today,education has become a priority for many parents seeking to secure a good future for their children in this rapidly changing world.They believe that if their children apply themselves and work hard at school,then they will increase their opportunities for going to higher education and eventually getting a good job.Of course they are right,and as access to the best education and best jobs is becoming more competitive,then it is true that children have to make the best of their study time when they are young.

However,the parents who do not allow their children sufficient free time for leisure activities outside school hours, are misguided.Such activities are far from being a waste of time for the children simply because they are not academic.It is important to remember that children need to develop skills other than intellectual ones,and the best way to do this is through activities such as sports,games and playing with other kids.If they cannot play make-believe games,how can they develop their imagination?How can they learn physical co-ordination or learn important social lessons about winning and losing if they do not practice any sports?Many children form strong, personal relationships with the friends they played with,and without the opportunity to do this,they could grow up emotionally immature and unformed.

Finally,I think it is also important to remember that children need to relax as well as work.If everything they do must have some educational or academic relevance,then they will soon get tired of studying together,which is the least thing parents would want.

剑四

TEST2

Happiness is considered very important in life.

why is it difficult to define?

what factors are important in achieveing happiness?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Happiness is very difficult to define,because it means so many different things to different people.While some people link happiness to wealth and material success,others think it lies in emotions and loving personal relationships.Yet others think that spiritual paths,rather than either the material world or relationships with people,are the only way to true happiness.

happiness for themselves in so many different ways,it is difficult to give any

for everyone.if there are different kinds of happiness for different individuals then the first step in achieving it would be to have a degree of self-knowledge.A person needs to know who he or she is before being able to know what it is that makes him or her happy.

Of course,loving relationships,good health,the skills to earn a living and a peaceful environment our happiness,too.people without these conditions cannot be happy.

an ability to keep clear perspectives in life is a more essential factor in achieving happiness.

an ability to have a clear sense of what is important in our lives(the welfare of our families,the quality of our relationships,making other people happy,ect.)(a problem at work,getting annoyed about trivial things,etc.).

TEST4

In many countries schools have severe problems with student behaviour.

What do you think are the causes of this?

what solutions can you suggest?

Poor student behavior an increasingly widespread problem modern lifestyles are probably responsible for this.

Perhaps parenting classes are needed to help them to do this,and high quality nursery schools could be established that would support families more in terms of raising the next generation.The government should fund this kind of parental support,because this is no longer a problem for individual families,but for society as a whole. Poor student behavior seems to be an increasingly widespread problem and I think that modern lifestyles are probably responsible for this.

In many countries,the birth rate is decreasing so that families are smaller with fewer children.These children are often spoilt,not in terms of love and attention because working parents do not have the time for this,but in more material ways.They are allowed have whatever they want,regardless of price,behave as they

consideration for others and without any understanding

of

When they get to school age they have not learnt any self control or discipline.They have less respect for their teachers and refuse to obey school rules in the way that their parents did.

schools

because no longer families,for society as a whole.

Test B

Some people believe that children should be allowed to stay at home and play until they are six or seven years old.Others believe that it is important for young children to go to school as soon as possible.

What do you think are the advantages of attending school from a young age?

In many places today,children start primary school at around the age of six or seven.However,because it is more likely now that both parents work,there is little opportunity for children to stay in their own home up to that age.Instead,they will probably go to a nursery school when they are much younger.

While some people think this may be damaging to a child’s development,or to a child’s relationship with his or her parents,in fact there are many advantages to having school experience at a young age.

Firstly,a child will learn to interact with a lot of different people and some children learn to communicate very early because of this.They are generally more confident and independent than children who stay at home with their parents and who are not used to strangers or new situations.Such children find their first day at school at the age of six very frightening and this may have a negative effect on hwo they learn.

Another advantage of going to school at an early age is that children develop faster socially.They make friends and learn hwo to get on with other children of a similar age.This is often not possible at home because they are the only child,or because their brothers or sisters are older or younger.

So overall,I believe that,attending school from a young age is good for most children.They still spend plenty of time at home with their parents,so they can benefit from both environments.

剑桥5

Test22

大作文Test

In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this.

It is quite common these days for young people in many countries to have a break from studying after graduating from high school.The trend is not restricted to rich students who choose to work and become economically independent for a period of time.

those who have spent some time

However,there are certainly dangers in taking time off at that important age.Young adults may end up never their studies or finding it difficult to readapt to an academic environment.They may think that it is better to continue in a particular

this is less likely

is the best way for them

Students with such a are usually the most effective and motivated ones and taking a year off may be the best way to gain this.

TEST44

TEST

Research indicates that the characteristics we are born with have much more influence on our personality and development than any experiences we may have in our life.

Which do you consider to be the major influence?

Today the way we consider human psychology and mental development is heavily influenced by the genetic sciences.We now understand the importance of inherited characteristics more than ever before.Yet we are still unable to decide an individual’s personality and development are more influenced by genetic by the environment(nature).

Research,relating to identical twins,has highlighted how significant inherited characteristics can be for an individual’s life.r these characteristics are able to develop within the personality of an individual

the circumstances allow such a development.It seems that the experiences we

and so powerful,that they can boost or over-ride other influences,and there seems to be findings to confirm this.

were not true,then we would

were born.

is the major influence on a person,but that both

is still unknown today they remain largely unpredictable in a person’s life.

TESTB

Nowadays we are producing more and more rubbish.

why do you think this is happening?

what can government do to help reduce the amount of rubbish produced?

I think it is true that in almost every country today each household and family produces a large amount of waste every week.Most of this rubbish comes from the packaging from the things we buy,such as processed food.But even if we buy fresh food without packaging,we still produce rubbish from the plastic bags used everywhere to carry shopping home.

The reason why we have so much packaging is that we consume so much more on a daily basis than families did in the past.Convenience is also very important in modern life,so we buy packaged or canned food that can be transported from long distances and stored until we need it,fist in the supermarket,and then at home.

However,I think the amount of waste produced is also a result of our tendency to use something once and throw it away.We forget that even the cheapest plastic bag has used up valuable resources and energy to produce.We also forget that it is a source of pollution and difficult to dispose of.

I think,therefore,that governments need to raise this awareness in the general public.Children can be educated about environmental issues at school,but adults need to take https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1916791025.html,ernments can encourage such action by putting taxes on packaging,such as plastic bags,by providing recycling services and by finding households and shops that do not attempt to recycle their waste.

With the political will,such measures could really reduce the amount of rubbish we produce.Certainly nobody wants to see our resources used up and our planet poisoned by waste.

DISCUSSION剑六

TEST2

Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions.Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair.

Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

As a result of constant media attention,sports professionals in my country have become stars and celebrities,and those at the top are paid huge salaries.Just like movie stars,they live extravagant lifestyles with huge houses and cars.39

Many people find their rewards unfair,especially when comparing these super salaries with those of top surgeons or research scientists,or even leading politicians who have the responsibility of governing the country. However,sports salaries are not determined by considering the contribution to society a person makes,or the level of responsibility he or she holds.Instead,they reflect the public popularity of sport in general and the level of

public support that successful stars can generate.So the notion of“fairness”is not the issue.86 Those who feel that sports stars’salaries are justified might argue that the number of professionals with real talent is very few,and the money is recognition of the skills and dedication a person needs to be successful. Competition is constant and a player is tested every time they perform in their relatively short career.The pressure from the media is intense and there is little privacy out of the spotlight.So,all of these factors may justify the huge earnings.81

Personally,I think that the amount of money such sports stars make is more justified than the huge earnings of movie stars,but at the same time,it indicates that our society places more value on sport than on more essential professions and achievements.44

39+44+86+81=250

TEST4

Some people prefer to spend thier lives doing the same things and avoiding change.Others, however,think that change is always a good thing.

Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

Over the last half century the pace of change in the life of human beings has increased beyond our wildest expectations.This has been driven by technological and scientific breakthroughs that are changing the whole way we view the world on an almost daily basis.This means that change is not always a personal option,but an inescapable fact of life,and we need to constantly adapt to keep pace with it.

Those people who believe they have achieved some security by doing the same,familiar things are living in denial.Even when people believe they are resisting change themselves,they cannot stop the world around them from changing.Sooner or later they will find that the familiar jobs no longer exist,or that the‘safe’patterns of behaviour are not longer appropriate.

However,reaching the conclusion that change is inevitable is not the same as assuming that‘change is always for the better.’Unfortunately,it is not always the case that new things are promoed because they have good impacts for the majority of people.A lot of innovations are made with the aim of making money for a few. This is because it is the rich and powerful people in our society who are able to impose changes(such as in working conditions or property developmens)that are in their own interests.

In conclusion,I would say that change can be stimulating and energising for individuals when they pursue it themselves,but that all change,including that which is imposed on people,does not necessarily have good outcomes.

Test B task2

Using a computer every day can have more negative than positive effects on young children.Do you agree or disagree?

I tend to agree that young children can be negatively affected by too much time spent on the computer every day.This is partly because sitting in front of a screen for too long can be damaging to both the eyes and the physical posture of a young child,regardless of what they are using the computer for.

However,the main concern is about the type of computer activities that attract children.These are often electronic games that tend to be very intense and rather violent.The player is usually the‘hero’of the game and too much exposure can encourage children to be self-centred and insensitive to others.

Even when children use a computer for other purposes,such as getting information or emailing friends,it is no substitute for human interaction.Spending time with other children and sharing non-virtual experiences is and important part of a child’s development that cannot be provided by a computer.

In spite of this,the obvious benefits of computer skills for young children cannot be denied.Their adult world will be changing constantly in terms of technology and the Internet is the key to all the knowledge and information available in the world today.Therefore it is important that children learn at an early age to use the equipment enthusiastically and with confidence as they will need these skills throughout their studies and working lives.

I think the main point is to make sure that young children do not overuse computers.Parents must ensure that their children learn to enjoy other kinds of activity and not simply sit at home,learning to live in a virtual world.

剑7

Test3-Task2

It is generally believed that some people are born with certain talents,for instance sports or music,and others are not.However,it is sometimes claimed that any child can be taught to become a good sports person or musician.

Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

MODEL ANSWER

This model has been prepared by an examiner as an example of a very good

answer.However,please note that this is just one example out of many possible

approaches.

The relative importance of natural talent and training is a frequent topic of discussion

when people try to explain different levels of ability in,for example,sport,art or music.

Obviously,education systems are based on the belief that all children can effectively

be taught to acquire different skills,including those associated with sport,art or music.

So from our own school experience,we can find plenty of evidence to support the view

that a child can acquire these skills with continued teaching and guided practice.

However,some people believe that innate talent is what differentiates a person who

has been trained to play a sport or an instrument,from those who become good players.

In other words,there is more to the skill than a learned technique,and this extra talent

cannot be taught,no matter how good the teacher or how frequently a child practices.

I personally think that some people do have talents that are probably inherited via

their genes.Such talents can give individuals a facility for certain skills that allow them to

excel,while more hard-working students never manage to reach a comparable level.But,

as with all questions of nature versus nurture,they are not mutually exclusive.Good

musicians or artists and exceptional sports stars have probably succeeded because of

both good training and natural talent.Without the natural talent,continuous training

would be neither attractive nor productive,and without the training,the child would not

learn how to exploit and develop their talent.

In conclusion,I agree that any child can be taught particular skills,but to be really

good in areas such as music,art or sport,then some natural talent is required.

TEST3

As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work,job satisfaction is an important element of individual well-being.

What factors contribute to job satisfaction?

How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers?

MODEL ANSER

Nowadays many adults have full-time jobs and the proportion of their lives spent doing such jobs is very high. So feelings about one’s job must reflect how an individual feels about his or her life as a whole,and because of this,job satisfaction is indeed very important for the wellbeing of that person.

Employees get job satisfaction in a number of ways.Firstly,a person needs to feel that they are doing valued and valuable work,so positive feedback from superiors is very important in his respect.A sense of fulfillment is also encouraged if a worker feels the job is worth doing because it contributes to the society or the economy as a whole.Secondly,when someone feels they are improving or developing their skills through training opportunities, for example,then there is a sense of progress and purpose that rewards a worker.They are improving or developing their skills.The sense of belonging to a team or a working community also contributes to job satisfaction because colleagues help each other to enjoy their working lives.Satisfaction is also increased by a sense of responsibility for and the loyal to a team.

Of course not everyone enjoys their work.Hard economic realities mean that many people have little choice in the kind of job they can get.In some cases an employee is working in a job that suits neither their skills nor their personality.Some jobs are repetitive and boring,and labour relations may be poor and lead to resentment and insecurity rather than to job satisfaction.

However,even though it is unlikely that all workers do feel happy in their work,I think it is not unrealistic to promote more job satisfaction in any job.If the factors identified above are implemented,then any job can be improved and more workers can feel greater degrees of job satisfaction.

312words

Test B

Some people feel that entertainers like film stars,pop musicians or sports stars are paid too much money.

Do you agree or disagree?

which other type of job should be highly paid?

I agree with the view that stars in the entertainment business are usually over paid.This is true that whether we are considering stars of films,sport or popular music,and it often se ems that the amount of money they are able to earn in a short term cannot possible be justified by the am ount of work they do.

However,it is also true that it is only those who reach the very top of their profession who can get these huge salaries.So the size of salary that stars expect is closely linked to the competition they have to overcome in order to reach success.They are,in effect,rare talents.

Furthermore,the majority of stars do not hold their top positions long.Sport stars and pop stars,for example, are soon replaced by the next younger,more energetic,generation,while the good looks of most film stars quickly fade.So this relatively short working life may be some justification for the very high pay.

Unfortunately,professionals from other fields,who make a much greater contribution to human society,are paid so much less that it is hard to disagree with the statement.Teachers,nurses,laboratory researchers etc.are never listed among the best-paid professionals,yet they are more important to our well-being and our future than the stars who earn their fortunes so quickly.

In conclusion,I think there are may be some reasons why entertainment stars earn high salaries but overall I

agree that they are overpaid.The gaps between their earnings and those of people who work less selfishly for the good of society cannot be justified.Such professionals should be much better appreciated and better paid.

剑桥8

WRITING TASK2

You should spend about40minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic pollution problems.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

What other measures do you think might be effective?

MODEL ANSWER

There is no doubt that traffic and pollution from vehicles have become huge problems,both in cities and on motorways everywhere.Solving these problems is likely to need more than a simple rise in the price of petrol.

While it is undeniable that private car use is one of the main causes of the increase in traffic and pollution,higher fuel costs are unlikely to limit the number of drivers for long.As this policy would also affect the cost of public transport,it would be very unpopular with everyone who needs to travel on the roads.But there are various other measures that could be implemented that would have a huge effect on these problems.

I think to tackle the problem of pollution,cleaner fuels need to be developed.The technology is already available to produce electric cars that would be both quieter and cleaner to use.Persuading manufacturers and travellers to adopt this new technology would be a more effective strategy for improving air quality,especially in cities.

However,traffic congestion will not be solved by changing the type of private vehicle people can use.To do this, we need to improve the choice of public transport services available to travellers.For example,if sufficient sky trains and underground train systems were built and effectively maintained in our major cities,then traffic on the roads would be made dramatically reduced.Long-distance train and coach services should be made attractive and affordable alternatives to driving your own car for long journeys.

In conclusion,I think that long-term traffic and pollution reductions would depend on educating the public to use public transport more,and on governments using public money to construct and run efficient systems.

Test B

WRITING TASK2

Some people think that it is better to educate boys and girls in separate schools.Others,however, believe that boys and girls benefit more from attending mixed schools.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

Some countries have single-sex education models,while in others both single sex and mixed schools co-exist and it is up to the parents or the children ot decide which model is preferable.

Some educationalists think it is more effective to educate boys and girls in single-sex schools because they believe this environment reduces distractions and encourages pupils to concentrate on their studies. This is probably true to some extent.It also allows more equality among pupils and gives more opportunity to all those at the school to choose subjects more freely without gender prejudice.For example,a much higher proportion of girls study science to a high level when they attend girls'schools than their counterparts in mixed schools do.Similarly,boys in single-sex schools are more likely take cookery classes and to study languages,which are often thought of as traditional subjects for girls.

On the other hand,some experts would argue that mixed schools prepare their pupils better for their future lives.Girls and boys learn to live and work together from an early age and are consequently not emotionally underdeveloped in their relations with the opposite sex.They are also able to learn from each other,and to experience different types of skill and talent than might be evident in a single gender environment.

Personally,I think that there are advantages to both systems.I went to a mixed school,but feel that I myself missed the opportunity to specialise in science because it was seen as the natural domain and career path for boys when I was a girl.So because of that,I would have preferred to go to a girls' school.But hopefully times have changed,and both genders of student can have equal chances to study what they want to in whichever type of school they attend.

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剑桥雅思1-8