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2017届上海市静安区初三化学二模卷(含答案)

2017届上海市静安区初三化学二模卷(含答案)
2017届上海市静安区初三化学二模卷(含答案)

静安区2016学年第二学期期中学习质量调研

化学部分 2017.4

可能用到的相对原子质量:H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 六、选择题(共20分)

下列各题均只有一个正确选项,请将正确选项的代号用2B 铅笔填涂在答题纸的相应位置上,更改答案时,用橡皮擦去,重新填涂。

27. 空气中含量最多的气体是( )

A. 氧气

B. 氮气

C. 二氧化碳

D. 水蒸气

28. 属于化学变化的是( )

A. 玻璃破碎

B. 水果榨汁

C. 滴水成冰

D. 糕点变质

29. 某宝石的主要成分是2SiO ,2SiO 中硅元素的化合价是( )

A. +1

B. +2

C. +3

D. +4

30. 属于复分解反应的是( )

A. 2254P+5O 2P O ???→点燃

B. 2C+2CuO CO 2Cu ???→↑+高温

C. 2222H O 2H O ???→↑+↑通电

D. 2NaOH+HCl NaCl+H O → 31. 互为同素异形体的一组物质是( )

A. 金刚石和石墨

B. 氧气和液氧

C. 水和双氧水

D. 一氧化碳与二氧化碳

32. 物质在氧气中燃烧的现象与事实不相符的是( )

A. 铁丝:火星四射

B. 木炭:白光

C. 硫粉:淡蓝色火焰

D. 甲烷:蓝色火焰

33. 下列物质放入水中,不能形成溶液的是( )

A. 食盐

B. 植物油

C. 硝酸钾

D. 白酒

34. 下列不能用来加热液体的仪器是( )

A. 量筒

B. 烧杯

C. 蒸发皿

D. 试管

35. 实验室用草酸(224H C O )制取CO 的化学方程式为2242H C O CO +X+CO ????→↑↑浓硫酸

其中X 的化学式为( )

A. 22H O

B. 2H O

C. 4CH

D. 2H

36.室温下,饱和食盐水露置在空气中一段时间后,有少量固体析出,这是因为()

A. 氯化钠溶解度变小

B. 溶质质量分数变小

C. 溶剂质量变小

D. 溶液变成不饱和溶液

37. 如图是电解水实验的装置图,下列说法错误的是()

A. 电解水过程中,分子可以分成原子,原子可以重新结合成新的分子

B. 反应一段时间后,A、B玻璃管中产生的气体体积比约为2:1

C. 用燃着的木条分别检验,A管的气体使木条燃得更旺,B管的气体被点燃

D. 由电解水实验得出结论:水是由氢、氧两种元素组成的

38. 属于有机物的是()

C B. 一氧化碳 C. 酒精 D. 碳酸

A.

60

39. 下列各图中和分别表示不同元素的原子,其中表示混合物的()

40. 下列叙述中正确的是()

A. 能使石蕊试液变蓝的溶液一定是碱溶液

B. 可用酚酞试液鉴别酸性溶液和中性溶液

C. pH小于7的溶液是酸的溶液

D. 碱溶液一定是碱性溶液

41. 分子、原子都是构成物质的微粒。关于分子和原子正确的认识是()

A. 分子可分为原子,原子不可再分

B. 物理变化中分子和原子种类都不发生变化

C. 分子是运动的,原子是静止的

D. 化学变化中分子和原子种类都发生变化

42. 向一定质量的CuO中通入CO后,加热的过程中,某变量y随时间的变化趋势如图所示,y表示的是

()

A. 固体中铜元素的质量分数

B. 参与反应的CO的质量

C. 固体中氧元素的质量

D. 气体中碳元素的质量

43. 能验证Zn 、Cu 、Ag 三种金属活动性顺序的一组试剂是( )

A. Zn 、Ag 、4CuSO 溶液

B. Zn 、Cu 、Ag 、24H SO 溶液

C. Cu 、Ag 、4ZnSO 溶液

D. Ag 、4ZnSO 溶液、4CuSO 溶液

44. 除去下列物质中少量杂质,实验方案不能达到除杂目的的是( )

45. 取一定量的氧化铁与氧化铜的混合物,加入稀硫酸(含0.2mol 24H SO ),恰好完全反应成盐和水,原

混合物中氧元素的质量是( ) A. 12.8g

B. 6.4g

C. 3.2g

D. 1.6g

46. 按下列添加试剂的先后顺序,即可将盐酸、硫酸、硫酸钠、氢氧化钠和硝酸钾五种无色溶液鉴别出来

的是( )

A. 石蕊试液、3AgNO 溶液、稀3HNO

B. 2BaCl 溶液、酚酞试液、3AgNO 溶液

C. 石蕊试液、2BaCl 溶液

D. 酚酞试液、2BaCl 溶液、3AgNO 溶液

七、填空题(19分)

47. 请选用H 、O 、S 、Na 等元素写出符合下列要求物质的化学式。

氧化物___(1)___;盐___(2)___;造成酸雨的主要物质____(3)____;能作干燥剂的物质____

(4)____。

48. 3KNO 和NaCl 在水中的溶解度曲线如右图,a 、b 是图像中两个点。 ①20℃时,3KNO 的溶解度是___(5)___g/100g 水。

②a 点的溶液为70℃时3KNO 的___(6)___(填“饱和溶液”或“不饱和

溶液”),要使此时的溶液变成b 点的状态,可采取的方法是____(7)____(写一种即可)。

③20℃时,将二种物质各mg 分别加入100g 水中,充分溶解后,只有一

种能形成饱和溶液,则m 的取值范围是_____(8)______。(用“>”“<”“=”“≥”“≤”表示)

KNO中加入100g水,充分溶解后,得到的溶液质量为___(9)___g,升温至90℃后,烧④20℃时,50g

3

杯中溶液的溶质质量分数为___(10)____。(列式即可)

KNO,采用的方法是______(11)_____,析出晶体后剩余溶液中的溶质是⑤若要提纯混有少量NaCl的

3

____(12)____。

⑥有关硝酸钾和氯化钠的说法正确的是____(13)_____。

A. 硝酸钾可用作化肥

B. 氯化钠可以杀菌

C. 氯化钠的焰色反应呈紫色

D. 溶解度的变化受温度的影响都很大

49. 为探究碳及其氧化物的某些性质,用以下装置进行实验(B、D装置内药品均足量)。

①实验过程中,A中玻璃管内发生反应的化学方程式是____(14)___;C中玻璃管中的现象为___(15)

____;

②B装置的作用是___(16)____;D中发生反应的化学方程式是_______(17)_________;

③实验过程中,___(18)____(从A至E中选填)处发生的反应体现了一氧化碳的化学性质。

④E处能点燃,下列说法正确的是___(19)___。(选填编号)

A. A处玻璃管中反应没有完全

B. B处反应没有完全

C. C处玻璃管中反应没有完全

D. D处反应没有完全

八、简答题(21分)

50. 下面是几种实验室制取气体的发生装置和收集装置。请回答下列问题:

①请写出标有序号的仪器的名称:a__(1)___;b__(2)___。

②采用装置A加热氯酸钾和二氧化锰的混合物制取氧气,反应的化学方程式为______(3)_______,若要收

集氧气选用___(4)___装置(选装置编号,下同),若用G 装置装满水,采用排水法收集氧气,氧气应从___(5)____(选“c”或“d”)进。

③制取二氧化碳最好选用的发生装置是____(6)____,该装置与另一个可选用的装置相比,其主要优点是 ____________(7)________________。

④用50g 过氧化氢溶液与2g 二氧化锰混合,充分反应后装置内剩余物质的质量为45.6g. 求: I. 生成氧气的质量____(8)_____g ;

Ⅱ. 参加反应的过氧化氢的物质的量____(9)____。(根据化学方程式列式计算)

51. 有一包未知粉末,其中含有碳酸钠、氢氧化钠、碳酸钙、生石灰、氯化钠、硫酸铜六种物质中的四种。

兴趣小组为确定其组成设计并进行如下实验: 【实验一】甲组同学进行定性探究:

【实验二】乙组同学进行如右图定量探究:用21g 样品加入适量的稀盐酸,共产生0.2mol 二氧化碳,另测得固体B 中氯元素的质量大于稀盐酸中氯元素的质量。乙组实验中一定发生的化学反应是__(14)__。(用化学方程式

表示)试综合甲、乙两组同学的实验进行分析,该未知粉末的组成可能是___(15)___。

6

参考答案

六、选择题(共20分)

七、填空题(19分)

47.(1)2H O (合理即可) (2)24Na SO (合理即可) (3)2SO (4)NaOH (合理即可) 48.(5)32 (6)不饱和溶液 (7)加溶质3KNO (8)32≤m <36 (9)132 (10)

50

10010050

?+% (11)降温结晶 (12)3KNO 、NaCl (13)A 、B

49.(14)2CO C 2CO +???→高温

(15)黑色固体变成红色 (16)吸收过量的2CO ,防止后续检验时造成干扰 (17)()2322CO Ca OH CaCO H O +→↓+ (18)C 、E (19)C

八、简答题(21分)

50.(1)铁架台 (2)长颈漏斗 (3)2MnO

322KClO 2KCl+3O ?

???→↑ (4)D 、E 、G (5) c (6)C (7)随开随用,随关随停 (8)6.4 (9)0.4mol

51.(10)4CuSO (11)()2332Na CO Ca OH CaCO 2NaOH +→↓+ (12)滤液由无色变为红色 (13)有气泡产生

(14)3222CaCO 2HCl CaCl H O+CO +→+↑

(15)23Na CO 、3CaCO 、NaCl 、CaO 或23Na CO 、3CaCO 、NaCl 、NaOH

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二阅读70分 (一)阅读下文,完成第3—7题。(16分) ①“社会性别”一词最早是由美国人类学家盖尔·卢宾提出的,主要是指自身所在的生存环境对其性别的认定,它在社会环境的反应中形成,并在社会文化的变化中不断改变。社会性别不仅因时间而异,而且因民族地域而异,是一种特定的社会构成。自上世纪70年代以来,社会学者普遍采用这种视角来研究社会问题。 ②近年来,社会性别与公共政策制定的相关性受到越来越多的社会学者重视。为了考察社会性别因素在量化层面上如何影响公民对公共政策制定的关注程度,社科院的一份调查问卷设计了“你对公共政策制定的关心情况”的问题。备选项有四个:“非常关心”、“关心”、“不关心”、“厌倦”。不同社会性别的公民对该问题的回答结果见表1。 表1: ③从表1中看出,不同社会性别的公民,无论男性还是女性,对于公共政策制定过程都给与了高度的关注,这是我国公民参与领域的主流。男性选择“关心”的人数占64.0%,女性选择“关心”的人数占59.9%,这意味着大多数公民对于国家的民主制度存在较高的认同感。从表1中同样能看出,在对公共政策制定过程的关注度上,不同性别的公民群体表现出一定的差异性,即女性公民群体比男性公民群体为低。 ④而公民采用什么行为模式参与公共政策制定也是社会学家研究的重点。为了解公民参与公共政策制定的方法偏好,社科院的调查问卷还设计了如下问题,“如果有下列方法可供选择,你会选择哪种方法参与和影响政策制定?”该问题为多项选择题,备选项及具体答题情况见表2。共有4203人次进行了回答,其中,男性公民2458人次,女性公民1745人次。 表2:不同性别公民参与公共政策制定的方法偏好 ⑤在十项选择中,研究者可以发现当今公民参与政策制定的方法偏好。前四列中,“全民公决”、“自己投票”占总选择人数的比例为48.87%。“借助组织”和“委托他人”

上海市各区2016-2017年初三英语二模试题分类汇编:回答问题-老师版(带答案已经校对)

D. Answer the questions (报据以下内容回答问越)(12分) We all form first impressions when we use new products, go to new places, and meet new people. We sometimes call these impressions or feelings “gut reaction(本能反应),”and our intuition(直觉) or instinct causes them. Some people believe that intuition is very important and can help us live better lives. Shannon Healy is one such person. Healy is a strong believer that all people have natural powers of intuition. In her book, she says that most people, however, don't pay enough attention to their “gut feelings.” Her new book, Use Your Intuition, is full of stories of people who used their intuition to find love and success. For example, a young woman made a quick decision between two job offers. She chose one by paying attention to her “gut feeling” that she would enjoy the work more, even though the pay was lower. It turned out lo be a good choice. Each chapter of Healy’s book has a specific focus, such as love, work, children, or health. The exercises in the book give people practice on how to use their intuition to have success in all these areas. Sometimes Healy also teaches students about using the power of intuition in workshops where she lives — In Jacksonville, Florida. Some people travel hundreds of miles to attend her workshops. Use your Intuition is already a bestseller! 88. What do some people think of intuition? They______________________________________________________________________. 89.Most people pay much attention to their “gut feelings”, don’t they? __________________________________________________________________________. 90.What kind of stories can you find in her new book? __________________________________________________________________________. 91.Why did the young woman accept the job with lower pay? __________________________________________________________________________. 92.How can Shannon Healy’s book help its readers? __________________________________________________________________________. 93.Do you think people will always be successful with the help of intuition? Why or why not? __________________________________________________________________________.

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