高考英语阅读理解专项训练

高考英语阅读理解专项训练

说理议论类

(一)

Feeling blue about the world? “Cheer up.” says science writer Matt Ridley. “The world has never been a better place to live in, and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for nature.”

Ridley calls himself a rational optimist—rational, because he's carefully weighed the evidence; optimistic, because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good. And this is what he's set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book, The Rational Optimist. He views mankind as a grand enterprise that, on the whole, has done little but progress for 100,000 years. He backs his findings with hard facts gathered through years of research.

Here's how he explains his views.

1 ) Shopping fuels invention

It is reported that there are more than ten billion different products for sale in London alone. Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty, our own generation has access to more nutritious food, more convenient transport, bigger houses, better cars, and, of course, more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us. This will continue as long as we use these things to make other things. The more we specialize and exchange, the better off we'll be.

2) Brilliant advances

One reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, longer??lived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needs—food, clothing, fuel and shelter—have grown a lot cheaper. Take one example. In 1800 a candle providing one hour's light cost six hours' work. In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes' work to pay for. In 1950 it was eight seconds. Today it's half second.

3 ) Let's not kill ourselves for climate change

Mitigating (减轻) climate change could prove just as damaging to human welfare as climate change itself. A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village, where the use of fossil??fuel (化石燃料) electricity is forbidden by well??meaning members of green political movements trying to save the world, is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change. If climate change proves to be mild, but cutting carbon causes real

pain, we may well find that we have stopped a nose??bleed by putting a tourniquet (止血带) around our necks.

1. What is the theme of Ridley's most recent book?

A. Weakness of human nature.

B. Concern about climate change.

C. Importance of practical thinking.

D. Optimism about human progress.

2. How does Ridley look at shopping?

A. It encourages the creation of things.

B. It results in shortage of goods.

C. It demands more fossil fuels.

D. It causes a poverty problem.

3. The candle and lamp example is used to show that ________.

A. oil lamps give off more light than candles

B. shortening working time brings about a happier life

C. advanced technology helps to produce better candles

D. increased production rate leads to lower cost of goods

4. What does the last sentence of the passage imply?

A. Cutting carbon is necessary in spite of the huge cost.

B. Overreaction to climate change may be dangerous.

C. People's health is closely related to climate change.

D. Careless medical treatment may cause great pain.

答案与解析

1．D细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Ridley calls himself a rational optimist—rational, because he's carefully weighed the evidence; optimistic, because that evidence shows human progress...” Ridley 自称是一个理性的乐观主义者，所谓理性是因为他仔细权衡证据；所谓乐观是因为这些证据表明人类进步是不可避免的，而且也是十分美好的。这就是他在近期的一本书当中以全新的视角向人们证明的主题。故此处D 项正确。

2．A推理判断题。根据第一个小标题题目“Shopping fuels invention”以及其内容最后一句“The more we specialize and exchange, the better off we'll be.”可知，购物刺激发明创造，刺激消费，促进生产，这种情况越多，我们将会越富有。故此处A项正确。

3．D细节理解题。从第二个标题内容可知，我们生活远比以前富裕，健康，长寿，人也长得高了，也比以前聪明了，其中一个原因是我们人类的四种基本需求——衣，食，住，行比以前便宜了很多。因此以油灯和蜡烛为例进一步阐述，故此处D项正确。

4.B推理判断题。由文章最后一句可知，如果气候变化证明是轻微的，然而降低二

氧化碳会引起麻烦，那么很可能会发现我们用止血带缠绕脖子以此止住鼻血。此处暗指对气候变化的过度反应存在危险。故B项正确。

(二)

In business, there's a speed difference: It's the difference between how important a firm's leaders say speed is to their competitive(竞争的) strategy(策略) and how fast the company actually moves.The difference is important regardless of industry and company size. Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.

In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that chose to go, go, go to try to gain_an_edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track.What's more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up” improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three??year period.

How did they disobey the_laws_of_business_physics,_taking more time than competitors yet performing better? They thought differently about what “slower” and “faster” mean.Firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operational speed (moving quickly) and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value)．Simply increasing the speed of production, for example, may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference.But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower??quality products and

services.

In our study, higher??performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary. They became more open to ideas and discussion.They encouraged new ways of thinking.And they allowed time to look back and learn.By contrast (相比而言), performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving efficiency, stuck to tested methods, didn't develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about changes.

Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership.Teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore, are more successful in meeting their business goals.That kind of strategy must come from the top.

1．What does the underlined part “gain an edge” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．Increase the speed.

B．Get an advantage.

C．Reach the limit.

D．Set a goal.

2．The underlined part “the laws of business physics” in Paragraph 3 means ________.

A．spending more time and performing worse

B．spending more time and performing better

C．spending less time and performing worse

D．spending less time and performing better

3．What can we learn from the text?

A．How fast a firm moves depends on how big it is.

B．How competitive a firm is depends on what it produces.

C．Firms guided by strategic speed take time to make necessary

changes.

D．Firms guided by operational speed take time to develop necessary team spirit.

4．Which could be the best title for the text?

A．Improve quality? Serve better.

B．Deliver value? Plough ahead.

C．Reduce time? Move faster.

D．Need speed? Slow down.

答案与解析

1.B 词义猜测题。许多公司都想选择提速来获取优势，而不是达到极限或设定目标，故get an advantage正确。

2.D 细节理解题。由文中第三段第一句和第二句的含义：他们怎样违反商业物理规则，比做得更好的竞争对手花了更多的时间？他们不同地看待更慢和更快的意思。可知商业物理规则应是用更少的时间做得更好。故选D项。

3.C 推理判断题。文章主要讲述了strategic speed的重要性，且在文中第四段第一句也说明了这一点：运用策略速度的公司往往在必要时作出改变。故选C项。

4．D 主旨大意题。文章围绕speed 展开，且区分了operational speed 与strategic speed，强调了后者的重要性，故D项正确。

(三)

Skeptics are a strange lot. Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment, and they are tired of people who disagree with them. Those people, say skeptics, spread nothing but bad news about t he environment. The “eco??guilt” brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.

Perhaps that explains why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity. That book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, declares that it

measures the “real state of the world” as fine.Of course, another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests.Indeed, Mr.Lomborg's views are similar to those of some industry??funded organizations, which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.

So it was strange to see Mr. Lomborg's book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that “After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down.”

Such one??sided views should have immediately been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that Mr. Lomborg's “preference for unexamined materials is incredible (不可信的)”．

A critical (批判的) eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions. Unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interests. People might become half??blind before a world partially exhibited by the media. That's a shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.

1．According to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as “skeptics” ?

A．People who agree on the popularity of “eco??guilt”．

B．People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.

C．People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities.

D．People who spread comforting news to protect our environment.

2．Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborg's book?

A．Some big businesses intend to protect their own interests.

B．The book challenges views about the fine state of the world.

C．The author convinces people to seek comforting worldviews.

D．Industry??funded media present confusing information.

3．The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to

________.

A．voice a different opinion

B．find fault with Lomborg's book

C．challenge the authority of the media

D．point out the value of scientific views

4．What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?

A．To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye.

B．To warn the public of the danger of half??blindness with reviews.

C．To blame the media's lack of responsibility in presenting information.

D．To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media.

答案与解析

1.B 细节理解题。从第一段第三句“他们中的一些不承认人类活动对环境造成的严重危害”可知B项正确。

2.A 细节理解题。从第二段第一句“那或许能解释这本书为什么这么受欢迎”及第三句“另一种解释是一些特别的利益”可知A项正确。

3.A 主旨大意题。前文提到很多人对有关环境问题不好的消息质疑，文章倒数第二段提到这种片面的观点应该立刻受到挑战，然而在Nature上仅仅出现了为数不多的评论，故作者在此处提到the review in Nature是为了发表不同的观点。故选A项。

4.D 推理判断题。本文是观点类议论文，开头部分提出了一种反面的观点，然后对此提出批判，最后点明了本文的中心——媒体应该展现一些能让公众作出

明智决定的信息。这也是作者的目的所在。故选D项。

广告说明类

(一)

Wanted, Someone for a Kiss

We're looking for producers to join us on the sound of London Kiss 100 FM. You'll work on the station's music programmes. Music production experience in radio is necessary, along with rich knowledge of modern dance music. Please apply in writing to Producer Vacancies, Kiss 100.

Father Christmas

We're looking for a very special person, preferably over 40, to fill our Father Christmas suit.

Working days: Every Saturday from November 24 to December 15 and every day from December 17 to December 24 except Sundays, 10∶30－16∶00.

Excellent pay.

Please contact (联系) the Enterprise Shopping Centre, Station Parade, Eastbourne.

Accountants Assistant

When you join the team in our Revenue Administration Unit, you will be providing assistance within all parts of the Revenue Division, dealing with post and other general

duties. If you are educated to GCSE grade C level we would like to talk to you. This position is equally suitable for a school leaver or for somebody who has office experience.

Wealden District Council

Software Trainer

If you are aged 24??45 and have experience in teaching and training, you could be the person we are looking for. You should be good at the computer and have some experience in programme writing. You will be allowed to make your own decisions, and to design courses as well as present them. Pay upwards of ￡15,000 for the right person. Please apply by

sending your CV (简历) to Mrs R. Oglivie, Palmlace Limited.

1．Who should you get in touch with if you hope to work in a radio station?

A．Producer Vacancies, Kiss 100.

B．Mrs Oglivie, Palmlace Limited.

C．The Enterprise Shopping Centre.

D．Wealden District Council.

2．We learn from the ads that the Enterprise Shopping Centre needs a person who________.

A．is aged between 24 and 40

B．may do some training work

C．should deal with general duties

D．can work for about a month

3．Which position is open to recent school graduates?

A．Producer, London Kiss.

B．Father Christmas.

C．Accountants Assistant.

D．Software Trainer.

4．What kind of person would probably apply to Palmlace Limited?

A．One with GCSE grade C level.

B．One with some office experience.

C．One having good computer knowledge.

D．One trained in producing music programmes.

答案与解析

1.A细节理解题。第一则广告招聘的是电台音乐制作人，如果你希望在电台工作，

当然应与Producer Vacancies，Kiss 100联系。

2.D细节理解题。根据第二则广告可知，the Enterprise Shopping Centre招聘的是

圣诞老人，工作的时间是从11月24日开始，持续到12月24日，在这大约一个月的时间内，他都要在周六或者除了周日以外的其他时间工作。

3.C细节理解题。根据第三则广告最后“This position is equally suitable for a school

leaver”可知答案为C项。

4.C细节理解题。根据最后一则广告第二句中的“You should be good at the

computer”可知答案为C项。

(二)

Attractions

Do you：

◆Love the National Park, value it and hope to safeguard its future?

◆Wish to see the beautiful landscape of the Park protected?

◆Like to enjoy peaceful, informal recreation within the Park?

Aims

The Friends organization aims are to help protect and improve the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park for all to enjoy. We are a voluntary organization and registered charity without financial links to the National Park Authority.

Activities

We encourage everyone to enjoy the National Park through

regular talks and visits to interesting places in the Park with expert guides.

We keep an eye on planning applications， Park Authority policies and threats to the National Park such as massive leisure complexes. We work with like??minded organizations such as the Campaign for National Parks to make our voice more effective., We help children to understand

the National Park by sponsoring publications such as an adventure booklet and projects in local schools.,

Benefits,◆Guided visits to places of interest which may not always be available to the general public.,◆All members receive our regular News and Views.,◆Talks by experts in their fields on current issues.,◆A discount is available on Friends items for sale.,◆Satisfaction of participation in work parties， for those willing and able to be involved.,If interested， please complete the Application Form at www. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1f17260148.html,. uk.

1. Which of the following is discouraged by the Friends organization?

A. To build massive complexes for public amusement.

B. To prevent possible damages to the National Park.

C. To help protect and improve the Park for all to enjoy.

D. To sponsor publications and projects in local schools.

2. One of the benefits for members of Friends is to ________.

A. have Friends' goods free of charge

B. visit any place not open to the public

C. take part in work parties if they want to

D. give talks in their fields on current issues

3．The purpose of this poster is to invite more people to ______.

A. raise money for the Friends organization

B. join the Friends organization and be members of it

C. work as managers for Pembrokeshire National Park

D. enjoy the landscape of Pembrokeshire National Park

答案与解析

1．A 细节理解题。根据Activities这部分内容的第二段第一句可知，为

公众娱乐大兴土木是对国家公园的威胁，是该机构要阻止的行为。

2.C 细节理解题。根据Benefits这部分内容的第五条可知，该机构成员享有的权益之一就是参加工作组。

3.B 推理判断题。文章介绍了Friends这一机构的亮点、目标、活动以及该机构成员享有的权益等，显然，作者的目的是想邀请更多的有志之士加入进来，成为其中的一员。

(三)

Homestay provides English language students with the opportunity to speak English outside the classroom and the experience of being part of a British home.

What to Expect

The host will provide accommodation and meals.Rooms will be cleaned and bedcovers changed at least once a week.You will be given the house key and the host is there to offer help and advice as well as to take an interest in your physical and mental health.

Accommodation Zones

Homestays are located in London mainly in Zones 2, 3 and 4 of the transport system.Most hosts do not live in the town centre as much of central London is commercial and not residential(居住的) .Zones 3 and 4 often offer larger accommodation in a less crowded area.It is very convenient to travel in London by Underground.

Meal Plans Available

◇Continental Breakfast

◇Breakfast and Dinner

◇Breakfast, Packed Lunch and Dinner

It's important to note that few English families still provide a traditional cooked breakfast.Your accommodation includes Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice，cereal (谷物类食品), bread and tea or coffee.Cheese, fruit and cold meat are not normally part of a Continental Breakfast in England.Dinners usually consist of meat or fish with vegetables followed by dessert, fruit and coffee.

Friends

If you wish to invite a friend over to visit, you must first ask your host's permission.You have no right to entertain friends in a family home as some families feel it is an invasion of their privacy.

SelfCatering Accommodation in Private Homes

Accommodation on a room??only basis includes shared kitchen and bathroom facilities and often a main living room.This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the long??stay student.However, it does not provide the same family atmosphere as an ordinary homestay and may not benefit those who need to practise English at home quite as much.

1．The passage is probably written for ________.

A．hosts willing to receive foreign students

B．foreigners hoping to build British culture

C．travellers planning to visit families in London

D．English learners applying to live in English homes

2．Which of the following will the host provide?

A．Room cleaning.

B．Medical care.

C．Free transport.

D．Physical training.

3．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?

A．Zone 4 is more crowded than Zone 2.

B．The business centre of London is in Zone 1.

C．Hosts dislike travelling to the city centre.

D．Accommodation in the city centre is not provided.

4．According to the passage, what does Continental Breakfast include?

A．Dessert and coffee.

B．Fruit and vegetables.

C．Bread and fruit juice.

D．Cereal and cold meat.

5．Why do some people choose self??catering accommodation?

A．To experience a warmer family atmosphere.

B．To enrich their knowledge of English.

C．To entertain friends as they like.

D．To enjoy much more freedom.

答案与解析

1.D 主旨大意题。由第一段第一句可知，Homestay为学习英语的学生提供在课堂外说英语的机会和成为英国家庭成员的体验。再结合文章的内容可推知这篇文章不是为愿意接受英国学生的主人写的，也不是为那些希望建设英国文化的外国人以及计划参观伦敦家庭的参观者写的。大概是为那些申请在英国人家中居住的英语学习者写的。

2.A 细节理解题。由第二段第二句可知A项的叙述符合题意。主人能够提供的东西主要在第二段进行论述，该段并没有告诉读者主人将为入住者提供医疗护理、免费交通和身体训练。

3.B 推理判断题。由第三段倒数第二句可知Zone 3和Zone 4不像Zone 2那么拥挤，由此排除A项；第二句只说明人们不喜欢居住在市中心，并没有说人们不去市中心，由此排除C项；本段只是提到市中心拥挤，并没有说到居住在市中心的家庭不为学生提供食宿，由此排除D项。

4.C 细节理解题。由第四段中的Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice，cereal，bread and tea or coffee可知，A项、B 项和D项的叙述是错误，只有C项中的Bread and fruit juice是里面的内容。

故选C项。

5.D 细节理解题。由最后一段第二句中的This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle可知Self??Catering Accommodation 能够为住宿者提供更多的自由，这与D项的叙述一致。A项、B项和C项的内容均没有在最后一段提及，故排除。

(四)

Winners Club

You choose to be a winner!

The Winners Club is a bank account specially designed for teenagers. It has heen made to help you better manage your money. The Winners Club is a transaction account (交易账户) where you receive a key??card so you can get to your money 24/7－that's 24 hours a day, 7 days a week!

It's a club with impressive features for teenagers：

●No account keeping fees!

You're no millionaire so we don't expect you to pay large fees. In fact, there are no account keeping or transaction fees!

●Excellent interest ra tes!

You want your money to grow. The Winners Club has a good rate of interest which gets even better if you make at least two deposits (储蓄) without taking them out in a month.

●Convenient

Teenagers are busy—we get that. You may never need to come to a bank at all. With the Winners Club you can choose to use handy tellers and to bank from home using the phone and the Internet ...You can have money directly deposited into your Winners Club account. This could be your pocket money or your pay from your part??time job!

●Mega magazine included

Along with your regular report, you will receive a FREE magazine full of good ideas to make even more of your money. There are also fantastic offers and competitions only for Winners Club members.

The Winners Club is a great choice for teenagers. And it is so easy to join. Simply fill in an application form. You will have to get permission from your parent or guardian (so we can organize that cool key??card) but it is easy. We can't wait to hear from you. It's the best way to choose to be a winner!

1．The Winners Club is a bank account intended for________.

A．parents

B．teenagers

C．winners

D．adults

2．Which of the following is TRUE about the Winners Club?

A．Special gifts are ready for parents.

B．The bank opens only on work days.

C．Services are convenient for its members.

D．Fees are necessary for the account keeping.

3．The Winners Club provides magazines which________.

A．encourage spending

B．are free to all teenagers

C．are full of adventure stories

D．help to make more of your money

4．If you want to be a member of the Club, you must________.

A．be an Internet user

B．be permitted by your parent

C．have a big sum of money

D．be in your twenties

5．What is the purpose of this text?

A．To set up a club.

B．To provide part??time jobs.

C．To organize key??cards.

D．To introduce a new banking service.

答案与解析

1．B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“The Winners Club is a bank account specially designed for teenagers.”可知，“the Winners Club”是专门为青少年而开设的，所以答案为B项。

2．C 细节理解题。第三部分主要介绍这项服务的方便之处，所以对于办理该业务的青少年来说是非常便利和快捷的，答案为C项；A项未提到；根据文章前面的介绍可知，银行应该是全天24小时，每周7天营业，而非只是在工作日，所以B项排除；文章第一部分提到不收取账户管理费，所以D项错误。

3．D 细节理解题。根据特色最后一点“Along with your regular report, you will receive a FREE magazine full of good ideas to make even more of your money.”可知，办理该业务的青少年除了可以收到定期报告外，还可以免费得到一份杂志，里面有很多好的建议或办法可以帮助他们赚取更多的钱，所以答案为D项；A项和C项未提到；B项错在这份杂志并不是对所有的青少年都是免费的，所以排除。

4．B 细节理解题。根据最后一段“You will have to get permission from your parent...”可知，办理此项银行业务要得到父母的同意或许可，所以B

项正确；该服务介绍第三点中提到办理业务有多种形式，其中包括使用网络，但不是必须的，所以A项错误；由第一点中“You're no millionaire so we don't expect you to pay large fees.”可知，办理此项银行业务的不一定都是有钱人，所以C项排除；D项要求办理业务者年龄在二十几岁，文中并未提到。

5．D 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要是介绍一项新的银行服务项目，所以答案D项正确。

科普小品类

(四)

For those who study the development of intelligence (智力) in the animal world，self??awareness is an important measurement. An animal that is aware (意识) of itself has a high level of intelligence.

Awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recognizes itself in the mirror, that is，its own reflected image (反射出的影像). Many animals fail this exercise bitterly, paying very little attention to the reflected image. Only humans, and some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins，have been shown to recognize that the image in the mirror is of themselves.

Now another animal has joined the club. In the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers report that an Asian elephant has passed the mirror self??reflection test.

“We thought that elephants were the next important animal.” said Diana Reiss of the Wildlife Conservation Society, an author of the study with Joshua M. Plotnik and Fans B. M.

de Waal of Emory University. With their large brains, Reiss said, elephants “seemed like

cousins to apes an d dolphins”．

The researchers tested Happy, Maxine and Patty, three elephants at the Bronx Zoo. They put an 8??foot??square mirror on a wall of the animals' play area (out of the sight of zoo visitors) and recorded what happened with cameras, including one built in the mirror.

The elephants used their long noses to find what was behind it, and to examine parts of their bodies.

Of the three, Happy then passed the test, in which a clear mark was painted on one side of her face. She could tell the mark was there by looking in the mirror, and she used the

mirror to touch the mark with her long nose.

Diana Reiss said, “We knew elephants were intelligent, but now we can talk about their intelligence in a better way.”

1．What can mirror tests tell us about animals?

A．Whether they have large brains.

B．Whether they have self??awareness.

C．Whether they enjoy outdoor exercises.

D．Whether they enjoy playing with mirrors.

2．Why does the author mention apes and dolphins in the text?

A．They are most familiar to readers.

B．They are big favorites with zoo visitors.

C．They are included in the study by Reiss.

D．They are already known to be intelligent.

3．What made Happy different from Maxine and Patty?

A．She used her nose to search behind the mirror.

B．She recognized her own image in the mirror.

C．She painted a mark on her own face.

D．She found the hidden camera.

答案与解析

1.B细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，通过研究动物是否在镜子中识别自己可

以测试它们的自我意识。

2.D推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，作者提到猿和海豚是因为它们和人

一样可以识别镜中自己的形象，是人们已知的有智力的动物；再根据第三段，一个亚洲象也通过了该测试，也加入到有智力的行列里，故选D项。

3.B细节理解题。根据倒数第二段，三个大象中只有Happy通过了镜子测试，也

就是说只有她能识别镜中自己的形象，因此这是她有别于其他大象的地方，故选B项。

(五)

According to the US government, wind farms off the Pacific coast could produce 900 gigawatts of electricity every year. Unfortunately, the water there is far too deep for even the tallest windmills (see picture) to touch bottom. An experiment under way off the coast of Norway, however, could help put them anywhere.

The project, called Hywind, is the world's first large??scale deepwater wind turbine (涡轮发电机). Although it uses a fairly standard

152??ton, 2.3??megawatt turbine, Hywind represents totally new technology. The turbine will be fixed 213 feet above the water on a floating spar ( see picture), a technology Hywind's creator, the Norwegian company StatoilHydro, has developed recently. The steel spar, which is filled with stones and goes 328 feet below the sea surface, will be tied to the ocean floor by three cables (缆索); these will keep the spar stable and prevent the turbine from moving up and down in the waves. Hywind's stability (稳定性) in the cold and rough sea would prove that even the deepest corners of the ocean are suitable for wind power. If all goes according to plan, the turbine will start producing electricity six miles off the coast of southwestern Norway as early as September.

To produce electricity on a large scale, a commercial wind farm will have to use bigger turbines than Hywind does, but it's difficult enough to balance such a large turbine so high on a floating spar in the middle of the ocean. To make that turbine heavier, the whole spar's centre of gravity must be moved much closer to the ocean's surface. To do that, the company plans to design a new kind of wind turbine, one whose gearbox (变速箱) sits at sea level rather than behind the blades (see picture)．

Hywind is a test run, but the benefits for perfecting floating wind??farm technology could be extremely large. Out at sea, the wind is often stronger and steadier than close to shore, where all existing off??shore windmills are planted. Deep??sea farms are invisible from land, which helps overcome the windmill??as??eyesore objection. If the technology catches on, it will open up vast areas of the planet's surface to one of the best low??carbon power sources available.

1. The Hywind project uses totally new technology to ensure the stability of ________.

A. the cables which tie the spar to the ocean floor

B. the spar which is floating in deep??sea water

C. the blades driven by strong and steady sea wind

D. the stones filled in the spar below the sea surface

2. To balance a bigger turbine high on a floating spar, a new type of turbine is to be designed with its gearbox sitting

________.

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【英语】高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 There might be as many as 10 million species of complex life on this planet today —— a huge number. But add up all of the complex species that ever lived and some biologists think the grand total would be about five billion. The estimate leads to an astonishing conclusion: a staggering 99% of species are not around any more. They have been driven to extinction. More species are joining the ranks of the extinct every year. Many scientists believe we are living through an episode of remarkably rapid extinction, on a scale that has been seen only five times in the last half a billion years. They call this current episode the sixth mass extinction —— a large, global decline in a wide variety of species over a relatively short period of time. And they tend to agree that humans are the main cause. Over-hunting, overfishing, and human-driven habitat loss are pushing many species to the brink. In fact, we have changed the planet so much that some geologists are now suggesting that we have entered a new phase in Earth's history; an epoch they call the ＂Anthropocene＂. By 2100, it is expected that humans will have caused the extinction of up to half of the world's current species. Because we are living through this extinction, it is relatively easy for us to study the driving forces behind it. But how do we determine what caused other mass die-offs that happened long ago? To do so we have to look at what archaeologists, palaeontologists, geologists and other scientists have concluded from the evidence they have gathered. The trouble is, those scientists do not always agree with one another —— even about the most recent extinction event. As well as the five-or six- mass extinctions, there have also been many smaller extinctions. One of these mini extinction events happened towards the end of the Pleistocene, a few tens of thousands of years ago. It is sometimes called the ＂megafaunal＂ extinction because many of the species it claimed were particularly large animals, weighing more than 97lb (44kg). However, its cause remains a debate amongst scientists. （1）What can we learn about the sixth mass extinction？ A. Humans are the main cause of it. B. It means a global decline over a long time. C. It occurred towards the end of the Pleistocene. D. Scientists still disagree about the cause of it. （2）What can be inferred from the text about species？ A. 99% of species will not be around any more by 2100. B. By the 22nd century, there will probably be about five million on this planet. C. About eight years later we will enter what is called the ＂Anthropocene＂. D. It is not easy for us to figure out causes behind the＂Anthropocene＂. （3）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph ? A. Land animals. B. Marine life. C. Huge animals. D. Flesh-eating creatures.

新高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编(70)

2017高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编（70） 阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 “Experience may possibly be the best teacher,but it is not a particularly good teacher.” You might think that Winston Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words,but they actually come from James March,a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in the field of organizational decision making. For years March(possibly the wisest philosopher of management)has studied how humans think and act,and he continues to do so in his new bookThe Ambiguities of Experience. He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of experiential learning:“Experience is respected;experience is sought;experience is explained.” The problem is that learning from experience involves(涉及)serious complications(复杂化),ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book. In one interesting part of the book,for example,he turns a doubtful eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. In our efforts to make stories interesting,he argues,we lose part of the complicated truth of things. He says “The more accurately(精确地)reality is presented,the less understandable the story,and the more understandable the stor y,the less realistic it is.” Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher,March is also a poet,and his gift shines through in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short,it is demanding:Don’t pick it up lookin g for quick,easy lessons. Rather,be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and life. 1. According to the text,James March is. A. a poet who uses experience in his writing B. a teacher who teaches story writing in university C. a researcher who studies the way humans think and act D. a professor who helps organizations make important decisions 2. According to James March,experience. A. is overvalued B. is easy to explain C. should be actively sought D. should be highly respected