人教版中考英语语法突破专题——《宾语从句》

人教版2020届中考英语语法突破专题——

《宾语从句》

宾语从句是历届中考必考单选题型，一般出现在单选题的倒数第一题或者倒数第二题，基本上各省份考试均涉及一道宾语从句题，一般在九年级第二学期开学或者第一学期期中学习，宾语从句是中考三大从句题之一（三大从句分别为：状语从句、定语从句和宾语从句）。因为涉及句子结构问题，很多学生对这一题型得分率很低，很多次模拟考试都不能做对，使得本应该轻松到手的分数白白丢弃。本人结合自己多年的教学经验，整理出宾语从句的解题方法，方便广大考生借鉴参考。

（一）什么是宾语从句

宾语从句先从字面上理解，其实就是原来的句子中的宾语或者宾语补足语，从原来的一个单词或词组变成了现在的一个句子，比如：

◎句子中只有宾语的情况

①I told you.我告诉你

这个句子中，我是主语，told是谓语动词，you是宾语。

◎句子中既有宾语又有宾语补足语的情况

②I told you a story.我告诉你一个故事

这个句子中，我是主语，told是谓语动词，you是宾语，a story是宾语补足语。

初中英语所涉及的宾语情况就这两种情况，在初中阶段不会遇到其他情况，所以，我们的宾语从句形式也以此只有两种情况

分别将①和②中的宾语和宾语补足语用句子来代替，就形成了我们所说的宾语从句，即我们可以将①中的宾语you替换为一个句子，例如：

②I asked when they would come to there.

句中的I是主语，asked是谓语动词，when they will come to there.是宾语从句，是一个句子,在句中的作用地位和①中的you一致。

将②中的a story 变为句子，例如：

③I told you that he was not in the school yesterday.

句中的I是主语，told是谓语动词，you是宾语，that he was not in the school yesterday.

是宾语补足语，原来具体补充我告诉你的具体内容，是宾语从句，是一个句子,在句中的作用地位和②中的you一致。

初中所有涉及的宾语从句不会超过上述两种情况

（二）宾语从句应该注意什么

学习了什么是宾语，什么是宾语从句，以及宾语从句在句中的位置和作用，我们使用和判断宾语从句应该注意什么呢？注意一下三点就行：

（1）宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序

宾语从句在句中作为一个整体作为宾语或者宾语补足语，它的语序是陈述语序，因为它本身就是阐述某个事件，语态很平和。比如

I wonder whether/if he will come here tomorrow.

whether/if he will come here tomorrow.是宾语从句，whether/if 是引导词，引导词后面是陈述句的句型，即主语+谓语+其他成分的句型

【2019真题速递】

（2019.北京）——Did you notice ___________in her office?

—— Yes, She was going over our writing.

A.what was Miss Lin doing

B.what Miss Lin was doing

C.what does Miss Lin do

D.what Miss Lin does

【选B】

【解析】：A和C引导词后面不是陈述句语序，错误。再根据时态，题意中是过去进行时，所以选B，排除D。

（2019.天津）——Could you tell me ___________for the fruit?

—— By paying over the Internet.

A.how much will I pay

B.how much I will pay

C.how will I pay

D.how I will pay

【选D】

【解析】：引导词有两个，how和how much,依据对方回答，通过互联网支付，可见问得是支付方式，即如何支付，选how,而how much的意思是询问多少钱。再根据宾语从句陈述句语序，排斥C，选D，即引导词后必须跟主语，若引导词后不是主语则

（2）宾语从句的引导词应符合句意

主句与从句要用连词相连。所选取的连词，对于主句和从句来说，叫做连接词。而对于宾语从句来说，此连词对于宾语从句来说，叫做引导词。关系代词和关系副词可以充当引导词宾语从句的引导词。如果主句之后用陈述句充当宾语从句时，引导词为that且可以省略；当主句之后用一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，引导词为if 或者weather ；当主句之后用特殊疑问句充当宾语从句时，引导词为特殊疑问词。

引导词对于初中学生来讲，不用特别复杂，中考英语考察引导词只涉及引导词是否符合句子意思，所以只需考虑引导词的意思是否符合句意。

【2019真题速递】

（2019.哈尔滨）—— Excuse me, could you tell me ___________?

—— Well, there’s one on your left.

A.when the bank opens

B.where the bank is

C.how far is the bank

D.how can I get to the bank

【选B】

【解析】：本题四个选项引导词不同，可以直接通过判断引导词来决定哪个选项正确，根据回答，在你左手边有一个，应该是问在哪里，所以选B.

（2019-重庆A卷）——Dear friends,do you still remember____three years ago?

——To realize our dream!

A.why you came her

B.why did you come here

C.how you came here

D.how did you came here

【选A】

【解析】：问句意思是：亲爱的朋友，你还记得。。。。。。。三年前？答句的意思是：为了实现我们的梦想。根据句意，此处是问原因，所以引导词应该用why，再根据宾语从句需要陈述句语序，选A.

（2019-湖北黄冈）——I don‘t know________during the summer vacation. Do you have any advice?

——How about visiting Beijing International Horticultural Expo(北京国际园艺博览会)？

A.What should I do

B.When should I go

C.What I should do

D.When I should go

【解析】：根据句意，回答是参观北京国际园艺博览园如何，所以引导词不能选when，再根据陈述句语序，选C

(3)宾语从句与主句的对应时态

总体来说，宾语从句的时态要与主句对应：当主句用一般现在时或一般将来时，从句可用任何时态，根据从句语境进行选择；当宾语从句表述自然定律，自然现象，客观真理，俗语以及谚语时，宾语从句用一般现在时不受主句的影响；如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词往往与过去相关，再结合宾语从句的语境，选取与过去时态相关的一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。

简单总结就是前后时态一致，要自己凭借句意时态进行判断，可参考中考英语八大时态进行分析。

（2019-湖北邵阳）

——Could you please tell me mooncakes traditionally in China,Li Hua?

——During the Mid-autumn Festival.

A.when people ate

B.when people eat

C.when do people eat

【选B】

【解析】：先考虑陈述语序，排除C，再根据时态，什么时候吃月饼，这是个习惯的事情，用一般现在是，所以选B

I don’t understand______such a silly question in class yesterday.

A.why did John ask

B.why John asked

C.why is John asking

D.why John asks

【答案】B

【解析】考查宾语从句。根据宾语从句的陈述语序，排除A、C，再根据宾语从句的时态规律，可见主句是一般现在时understand，从句中出现yesterday，则从句用一般过去时。

(三)2019年各地中考宾语从句真题集合

1.（2019-贵州铜仁）——“Could you tell me___last night?”

——“About ten.”

A.when was the party over

B.when the party was over

C.when is the party over

D.when the party is over

2.（2019-贵州贵阳）Johnny made up his mind to give up smoking.He is thinking about.

A.how he can make it

B.how can he make it

C.how will he make it

3.（2019-贵州安顺）—Excuse me, can you tell me ?

—At about 8 o’clock.

A. what time the plane arrive in Beijing

B. what time the plane will arrive Beijing

C. what time the plane will reach Beijing

D. what time will the plane get to Beijing

4.（2019-云南昆明）In order to take a pleasant trip to Kunming, Dave emailed me to

ask________.

A. what was Kunming most famous for

B. what Kunming was most famous for

C. whether is summer a good time to come

D. whether summer is a good time to come

5.（2019-四川遂宁）Could you tell me__________？

A．when will they leave Beijing B．when would they leave Beijing

C．when they will leave Beijing D．when they would leave Beijing

6.（2019-四川内江）Could you tell me___________this morning？

A．what time you had breakfast B．where have you been

C．how did you get there D．why will you leave earlier

7.（2019-四川达州）--Linda,Could you remember___________?

--Have you forgotten we agreed to go to Hongkong？

A．where are we going after exam B．where we are going after the exam C．where are we going to after the exam D．where we are going to after the exam

参考答案

1.【分析】你能告诉我昨天晚上聚会是什么时候结束的吗？大约10点．

【解答】宾语从句要用陈述语序，排除选项AC；结合句意"你能告诉我昨天晚上聚会是什么时候结束的吗"和时间状语last night可知，要用一般过去时，排除选项D．故选：B．

2.选A .宾语从句必须陈述语序。

3.选C.陈述句语序排除D，根据时态，应该用将来时，排除A，arrive是不及物动词,后面不能直接加地名；要加接地名必须和介词in或at连用.较大的地点如城市,国家等用arrive in,较小的地点如学样、车站等用arrive at ；reach是及物动词,后面直接接地名就可以了.相当于arrive in和arrive at.排除B

4.【答案】B

【解析】句意：为了去昆明旅游愉快，戴夫给我发电子邮件，问昆明最有名的是什么。宾语从句要用陈述语序，排除选项AC；结合句意“为了去昆明旅游愉快，戴夫给我发电子邮件，问昆明最有名的是什么”可知，主句是一般过去时，宾语从句要用过去时，选项D时态不对，也语意不通。故选B。

5.【解答】根据句意：你能告诉我他们什么时候离开北京吗？可知考查宾语从句，用陈述语序，故排除A B；主句中的could表示语气的委婉，不是过去时，故从句用一般将来时．故选：C．

6.引导词后跟陈述语序，选A

7.【解析】——琳达，你还记得考试后我们要去哪里吗？——你忘了我们答应去香港了吗？宾语从句用陈述语序，A C两项是疑问句语序，可排除。be going to计划做某事/打算去某地，后接动词或地点名词；where是副词，修饰动词，D项需去掉to。根据句意结构，故选：B

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