人教版高一英语必修3-UNIT1知识点详解练习

UNIT 1 Festivals around the world

Grammar:

1. Festivals are meant to celebrate important times of year.

1) mean v意欲，打算，意味着mean-meaning-meaningful-meaningless

考点释义：

mean doing sth. 意味着（必须要做某事或导致种结果）

mean to do sth. 打算或企图做某事

mean + that 表示……

be meant for=be meant to do sth 被普遍认为是....打算作……用; 为…而有

What do you mean by.....你说的.....,.是什么意思.....

mean adj.卑鄙的，吝啬的

2)celebrate v.庆祝，颂扬，赞扬celebration n.庆祝celebrity n.名人，名声

辨析celebrate/congratulate

celebrate+sth.(仪式、典礼、生日)，指庆祝令人欢乐的事情或日子

congratulate+sb.祝贺某人做某事，congratulate sb. on sth./doing sth

(2015武汉二模)The three sisters decided to hold a family party to _______ their parents’ silver wedding.

A.celebrate

The other day, we got together to_________ _________ ________ the College Entrance Examination.(祝贺她通过)

2. Discuss when they take place, what they celebrate and what people do at that time. take place发生；举行(不能用于进行时态，不能用于被动语态)

辨析take place, happen, occur, break out, come about

take place:发生，举行；经过事先安排的事情

happen:偶然发生，带有未能预见的意思。Sth. happen(s) to sb.

occur:发生，想起it occurs to sb. that.......

break out:战争、火灾、疾病等突然爆发

come about:发生，产生,常用于疑问句和否定句，多与how连用

与place相关短语：

in the first place （用于列举理由）首先，第一点

in the last place 最后

in one’s place 处于某人的位置，为某人设身处地想一想in place 放在原来的位置，就位

in place of =instead of 代替，用……而不用……

take one’s place 找替某人接替某人的位置

3. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months.

1) starve vt./vi 饿死，饿得要死starvation n. 挨饿，饿死

starve to death/be starved to death 饿死

starve to do sth 渴望去做某事

starve for 渴望获得，迫切需要，缺乏

be starving饿极了

2)be+性质形容词+动词不定式

主动意义表被动意义，常见形容词有easy, hard, difficult, impossible, pleasant, interesting, dangerous, comfortable等。

(2012辽宁高考)This machine is very easy___________. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.

A.operating be operating operate

(2010四川高考) In many people’s opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant____________.

A.to deal with with be dealt with with

4. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.

in memory of=to the memory of纪念，追念，怀念memory-memorize v. 记住have a good/bad memory for sth.善于记……/不善于记……

bring back good memories引起对美好往事的回忆

within sb.’s memory就某人记忆所及

in+n.+of类型的短语

in favor of=in support of支持，赞同；对某人有利in face of面临，面对

in honor of为纪念……；祝贺……；为了向……表示敬意

in celebration of 庆祝in praise of 赞美，歌颂

In search of 寻找in charge of 负责，掌握

in possession of 拥有，持有in need of 需要

in place of=instead of 代替in terms of就....而言

They named the school ___________ ___________ _________(为了纪念)him for his great contribution.

Can you tell me who is________ ________ ________(负责)the whole company

5. On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them.

1) With+宾语+名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/动词不定式

现在分词：主动且正在进行的动作

过去分词：被动且完成的动作

动词不定式：将要发生的动作

With time going by, we gained much experience. =As time went by, we gained much experience.

2)in the shape of ....以某种形式，呈现某种形式

in shape 处于良好状态

out of shape 变形，走样

With prices________(go) up so fast, we can afford luxuries.

I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes __________(fix) on the ceiling.

6. The western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people.

1) belief n.信心，信念---believe v.相信，信赖

one’s belief is that....= it is one’s belief that....某人相信

have(no) belief in (不)相信=.believe in sb.

beyond belief 令人难以置信

have/hold belief (that....) 相信......

shake one’s belief in....动摇某人对....的信心

2)origin-original adj.

7. It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbors’homes to ask for sweets.

dress up盛装，打扮，装饰dress up as....打扮成

dress sb./oneself 给....穿衣be dressed in 穿着

get dressed=dress oneself 穿衣服

(2015山东省实验中学期中)On Halloween, children in America like to_________ as ghosts to frighten people.

A.take up up up up

8.If the neighbors do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them. trick n. play a trick/tricks on sb. 捉弄某人

vt. trick sb. into doing sth 诱使/骗得某人做某事trick sb. out of sth. 骗取某人某物

拓展

cheat sb. into doing sth.欺骗某人做某事

cheat sb. out of sth. 骗取某人某物

fool sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事

make fun of 取笑laugh at 嘲笑

play a joke/jokes on sb.开某人的玩笑

9.In the USA, Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World.

arrival n.到来，到达者arrive v. 到达

the arrival of....... ......的到达on one’s arrival in/at=on arriving in/at 一到达.....

10.India has a national festival on October to honor Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain.

1) gain v. 获得，得到，受益n.收益，获利，财富

gain independence from....脱离....而独立

gain a reputation 获得声望

gain weight/speed/time 增加体重/加快速度/赢得时间

gain one’s respect/trust 获得某人的尊重/信任

gain two minutes (钟表)快两分钟

gain by/from...从……中获益

gain in 在……方面有所增加或增长

2) independence n.独立，自主---depend v.依赖

depend on=reply on 依靠，依赖

be dependent on 依靠，依赖

be independent of 独立于；不受....约束

It/that (all) depends. 那得视情况而定

辨析gain,obtain,get,acquire, win

(1)gain强调经过艰苦的努力而获得成果。

(2)obtain指没有付出很大努力而获得。

(3)get既可指主动争取，也可指被动接受，有时不一

定需要很大努力就能获得。

(4)acquire主要指获得知识、能力等。

(5)win主要指在竞争、比赛或辩论中击败对手而赢得胜利。

(2015陕西高考)As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be_____________(depend).

(2012福建高考) What are you going to do this weekend _________. If time permits, I may go to Shanghai with my friends.

A.Don’t mention it.

B. It doesn’t matter it depends

(2011辽宁高考)You are old enough to__________ your own living.

11.People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over.

gather v. 聚集，采集，收货，收割

gather....around 聚集，集合gather together 聚集起来，合拢

gather in...收割，收货gather up 收拾起来

辨析gather/collect

Gather: 收集，指人、分散的东西或抽象的东西聚集起来

Collect: 收集，侧重其计划性和选择性

12.Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster.

award n & vt. win/get an award for .....因为....而获奖

award sb. sth.= award sth. to sb.

辨析award/reward

Award: 奖品，奖金，奖赏，奖励

Reward: 报答，酬劳reward sb. for sth. 因…奖赏某人；

reward sb. with sth. 用某物酬劳某人

13.China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and in China, enjoy moon cakes.

admire v. 赞赏;钦佩;羡慕;赞美;夸奖admiration n.钦佩；赞赏

admire sb. for sth. 在某方面钦佩.....

admire oneself自我欣赏admire one’s sth.钦佩某人的某方面

express admiration for sb.对某人表示钦佩

have great admiration for sb.十分钦佩某人

with/in admiration心怀钦佩地……

14. The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forwards to the end of the winter and to the coming of spring.

energetic adj. 充满活力的，精力充沛的，积极的

look forwards to doing.....期望，期待，盼望

链接

look after 照料look ahead 向前看，为将来打算

look back on回顾look down on/upon 瞧不起，看不起

look into 调查look on....as.... 把...看作

look through 浏览look around 环视

look out for 注意，当心，留意look up 查收

look up to 仰慕，尊敬

含有介词to的动词短语

stick to 坚持lead to 导致，通向

object to 反对refer to 参考，涉及，提到

belong to 属于pay attention to....注意

be used to.... =be accustomed to.....习惯于

get down to开始认真做devote...to 致力于/奉献于...

15. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, look as though it is covered with pink snow.

as though=as if 似乎，好像

as though 从句要用虚拟语气

as though+一般过去式(与现在事实相反)

as though+过去完成时(与过去事实相反)

(2011湖南高考) Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him _________ he had done something very clear.

A.as if case

16. People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other.

have fun with sth.=enjoy oneself with sb.=have a good time with sb.

跟某人一起尽情玩耍

have fun doing sth.....做某事很开心，很愉快

for fun 非认真地，开玩笑地，为了好玩

make fun of 取笑，拿....开玩笑

it’s great fun to do sth 做某事很有趣

17. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while.

custom n. 风俗，习惯customs 海关

辨析custom, habit, practice

Custom:社会的风俗，习惯

Habit:个人的习惯

Practice:个人的社会的习惯、惯例

用custom, habit, practice 填空

1)The celebration of Christmas in many western countries is a ___________.

2)He has formed a bad _________ of smoking since an early age.

3)It is standard____________ not to pay bills until the end of the month.

18.However big the fool, there is always a bigger fool of admire him.

fool n. 愚人，受骗者foolish adj. 傻的

make a fool of 愚弄，捉弄

fool sb. into doing sth 欺骗某人做某事fool sb. out of sth.骗取某人某物

Ha! You were ___________(fool) by a __________(fool). How ________(fool) of you 19.You want to ask your mum for permission to go with your friends to the cinema. permission n.许可，允许，准许，同意permit v.允许，许可

ask sb. for permission/ask permission of sb. 请求某人准许

give sb. permission to do sth 允许某人去做某事

with one’s permission=with the permission of sb. 经某人允许

without permission 未经允许

permit sb to do sth. 允许某人做某事permit doing sth 允许做某事

If you want to go into that factory, you need a ___________(permit).

20.But she didn’t turn up.

1) 来, 出席(某活动) I’m very happy you turned up so early.

2) 把(收音机等)音量开大一些, 其反义短语是turn down.

Turn up the radio a little, I can scarcely hear the program.

相关短语:

turn down 拒绝turn off 关掉

turn on 打开turn out 结果是.....

turn to sb. for help 向某人求助turn over 翻转，倒转

(2014浙江高考) How could you ________ such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months

off in down to

21.She said she would be there at seven o’clock, and he thought she would keep her word.

keep one’s word 守信用, 其反义词是break one’s word 失信

eat one’s word 收回前言，认错道歉

take back one’s words 收回某人的话

have a word with sb. 与某人交谈

have words with sb. 与某人争吵

in a word 简而言之，概括地讲

in other words 换句话说

leave word 留言，留信

Word came that....消息传来......

22.Well, he was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize.

1)hold one’s breath breathe v.呼吸

catch one’s breath屏息；喘口气get one’s breath喘过气来;恢复正常

in a/one breath一口气地;一瞬间lose one’s breath喘不过气来

out of breath喘不过气来的(地) take breath喘口气;歇会儿

2) apologize to sb. for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事向某人道歉

apology n. 道歉；辩白make an apology to sb for (doing) sth.

accept/ refuse/ an/ one’s apology接受/ 拒绝某人道歉

23.It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave-he wiped the tables, then sat down and turned on the TV-just what Li Fang needed!

16. obvious adj.

1) obvious+ to + 表示人的名词或代词Her disappointment was obvious to her friend.

2) It + be + obvious +that-clause It was obvious that she was in danger.

辨析：obvious/apparent/clear

obvious 是三者中程度最强的，含有“一目了然”之意。

It is obvious that you are wrong.

apparent 指具有某些明显的迹象的，侧重与经历推理才能看出结果。

It was apparent from his face that he was lying.

clear 作“明白的，清楚的”讲。指不模糊含混，易于观察，了解和识别。

He seems clear about his plans.

中译英

很明显，他对这个计划不敢兴趣。

23.As Li Yang set off for home, he thought, “ I guess Hu Jin doesn’t love me. I’ll just throw these flowers and chocolates away. I don’t want them to remind me of hers.

1) set off: 动身, 出发; 使（地雷、炸弹）爆炸; 使某物更有吸引力

相关短语：

set about doing sth. 着手（做某事）set in 开始

set up 建立，创立set down 写下，记下

set somebody to do something. 使某人开始工作

set somebody doing something 使某人处于某种动的状态

set aside保留，储蓄set out动身，出发，着手

2) remind sb of sth reminder n. 起提醒作用的人或物

remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人去做remind sb. that...提醒某人……

常用于vt.＋sb.＋of sth./doing 的动词，如：

inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事

accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事cure sb. of sth. 给某人治愈某病

suspect sb. of sth. 怀疑某人某事

(2013安徽高考) Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they ___________ on their journey.

A.give up down through off

(2011全国高考) May, I __________John of his promise to help you.

24. She would never forgive him. This would not be a happy Valentine’s Day!

forgive forgivable adj. 可原谅的；可宽恕的forgiveness n. 原谅

forgiving adj. 宽容的；宽恕的

forgive sb. for (doing) sth. 原谅某人（做某事）forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事forgive and forget 不念旧恶；不记某人的仇

Forgive others but not yourself. 宽以待人，严于律己。

辨析forgive, excuse, pardon

1) forgive 和pardon有时可通用，但forgive往往表示除了“免于惩罚和追究”之外，还含有进一步的“不记旧账”；从心里宽恕“等意思

2) excuse 意为“原谅”，语气较轻，宾语一般是过错，疏忽的人，常用于口语中。Excuse sb for (doing) sth/ excuse oneself for (doing) sth. 为自己（干）…辩解3) Pardon原意为“赦免” 只用于pardon sb for (doing) sth.

25. Some festivals are held to honor the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm.

1) honor v&n. 敬重，尊敬n.尊敬，光荣，荣誉

in honor of... 为向....表示敬意

on one’s honor 以名誉担保

do sb. the honor of doing sth. 给....带来荣誉

have the honor of sth./doing sth 得到某殊荣，有幸做某事

do the honors履行社交责任，执行仪式

2) satisfy v. 使满意，满足satisfied adj. 感到满意的; satisfying adj. 令人愉快的satisfactory adj. 令人满意的satisfaction n. 满意;

be satisfied with to one’s satisfaction

辨析satisfactory, satisfied, satisfying

satisfactory, 指客观的事物或主观的表现达到要求而令人满意, 主语一般用客体。satisfied指主体对事物或表现感到满意, 主语是主体(人)

如:She is satisfied with the service. 她对该项服务感到满意。

satisfying: giving pleasure令人愉快, 主语是不定式, 常用于句型:

It’s satisfying to do sth. 做…...使人满意

如:It’s satisfying to learn the success of his son in job-hunting.

3)harm n&vt. harmful adj.

do harm to sb.=be harmful to sb.对某人有害

do good to= be good for 对某人有好处

do sth a favor=do a favor for sb.帮某人忙，给某人恩惠

辨析hurt, injure, harm, damage, wound

hurt 普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害,也可精神上, 感情上的伤害。

如:The girl hurt herself badly in the accident.那位女孩在那次事故中伤得很重。

injure比hurt正式, hurt多指伤痛, 而injure则指损害健康, 成就, 容貌等,强调功能的损失。

如:He injured his hand while playing basketball.他在打篮球时手受了伤。

damage主要指对于物的损害,强调对于价值、用途、外观等所造成的损失, 这种损失或因自然灾害所致, 或因人为造成。如：

Several cars were damaged in the accident.好几辆汽车在事故中损坏了。

wound 指枪伤, 刀伤, 刺伤等皮肉之伤, 是出血的, 严重的伤, 特指战场上受伤, 它可以指肉体上的伤害, 也可指人们精神上的创伤。如:

The bullet wounded his left leg. 子弹打伤了他的左腿。

After the dinner party, everyone left for home with ____________(satisfy).

What do you think of Martin’s latest book Oh, it is rather ___________(interest) and I’m quite_____________(satisfy) with it.

26. Possibility

There is no possibility that....没有可能

impossibility n. 不可能-possible adj.可能的-possibly-adv. 可能

There is a possibility __________ he will be admitted to a key university.

A.that

(2015湖北高考)Don’t worry. I’m sure your missing glasses will ___________ sooner or later. A. stand out up out up

一、词组翻译

1.盛装、打扮______________

2.搞恶作剧，诈骗______________

3.钦佩某人的……______________

4.期望，期待______________

5.日夜，整天______________

6.和某人玩得开心______________

7.停车场______________ 8.屏息，屏气______________

9.因某事向某人道歉______________ 10.守信用，履行诺言______________ 11.出现、到场______________ 12.出发，动身，引爆______________ 13.使某人想起某事______________ 14.好像______________

15.以……样的形状______________ 16.用B来装饰A______________

17.为……而骄傲______________ 18.为了庆祝______________

19.发生______________ 20.纪念、追念______________

二、单词填写

1. She has been_________________ (授予) a scholarship to study at Harvard.

2. We'll have a _________________(庆祝) meeting this afternoon.

3. He is an _________________ (精力旺盛的) boy，he enjoys sports.

4. He likes to be (独立的).

5. It is cruel to_________________ (淹死) the cat in the river.

6. It is _________________ (很明显) that she is very clever.

7. _________________ ( 农业) in this country has developed greatly after liberation.

8. I hope you'll _________________ (原谅) me.

9. He has _________________ (获得) rich experience these years.

10. Christmas Day is a __________ (宗教的) festival.11. I made my ___________ (道歉) and left early.

B ) 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。

1. Delia's eyes were full of_____________at the_____________news and she looked at her husband. (sad)

2. You are not_____________to leave here without his_____________. (permit)

3. His _____________English filled us with_____________(admire)

4. Tom was a boy full of_____________and he did everything_____________ (energetic)

5. You'd better_____________to Jim. Of course, making an_____________is not the only way but the most direct one. ( apologize )

6. Nowadays lots of young people want financial_____________(depend).

7. Mike was arrested on his_____________(arrive) from New York.

8. Look! That _____________ is dressed up _______________ (beauty).

9. We should respect the ______________(religion) activities of the local people.

10. I’m not ______________(satisfy) with the way he cut my hair.

三、翻译句子

1.全美国屏息而待，看谁会在这场选举中获胜。

All America _________ _________ _________to see who would win the election.

2. 今晚的晚会你必定会玩得很开心。

You’re sure to _________ _________at the party tonight.

3. 我们学校的运动会将会于下周星期五举行。

Our school sports meet _________ _________ __________ next Friday.

4.他到现在还没有露面!

He _________ __________ __________ so far !

5. 看上去她好像知道这个消息了。

It _________ _________ __________ she has known the news.

高一人教版英语知识点归纳分享

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