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Jupiter

Jupiter 5V GPS Receiver, v2.30 Software Release TU30-D140

Conexant’s Jupiter Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver is a single-board, 12 parallel-channel receiver engine intended as a component for an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) product. The receiver (shown in Figures 1 and 2) continuously tracks all satellites in view, thus providing accurate satellite positioning data. It is designed for high performance and maximum flexibility in a wide range of OEM configurations including handhelds, panel mounts, sensors, and in-vehicle automotive products.

The highly integrated digital receiver uses the Zodiac chip set composed of two custom Conexant devices: the Gemini/Pisces Monopac? and the Scorpio Digital Signal Processor (DSP). These two custom chips, together with suitable memory devices and a minimum of external components, form a complete low-power, high-performance GPS receiver solution for OEMs.

The Jupiter receiver decodes and processes signals from all visible GPS satellites. These satellites, in various orbits around the Earth, broadcast radio frequency (RF) ranging codes and navigation data messages. The receiver uses signals from all available satellites to produce a highly accurate and robust navigation solution that can be used in a wide variety of end product applications.

The Jupiter is packaged on a miniature printed circuit board intended for harsh industrial applications. The receiver requires conditioned DC power and a GPS signal from a passive or active antenna. The Jupiter receiver is available with a straight OSX, a right angle OSX, or a right angle SMB RF connector.

The all-in-view tracking of the Jupiter receiver provides robust performance in applications that require high vehicle dynamics and in applications that operate in areas of high signal blockage such as dense urban centers. The receiver continuously tracks all visible GPS satellites and uses all the measurements to produce an overdetermined, smoothed navigation solution. This solution is relatively immune to the position jumps induced by blockage that can occur in receivers with fewer channels.Features

?OEM product development is fully supported through applications engineering

?One of the smallest, most compact GPS receiver footprints measuring 2.800” x 1.600” x

0.442” (approximately 71 x 41 x 11 mm)?Twelve parallel satellite tracking channels for fast acquisition and reacquisition ?Support for true NMEA-0183 data protocol ?Direct, differential RTCM SC-104 data

capability to dramatically improve positioning

accuracy (in both Conexant binary and NMEA

host modes)

?Enhanced algorithms provide superior

navigation performance in “urban canyon” and

dense foliage environments ?Adaptive threshold-based signal detection for improved reception of weak signals ?Static navigation enhancements to minimize wander due to Selective Availability (SA)?Compatible with passive antennas for lowest total system cost or active antennas for

installation flexibility

?Maximum navigation accuracy achievable with the Standard Positioning Service (SPS)?Enhanced TTFF upon power-up when in a “Keep-Alive” power condition before start-up ?Meets rigorous shock and vibration

requirements

?Automatic Altitude Hold Mode from Three-Dimensional to Two-Dimensional navigation ?Automatic cold start acquisition (when no initialization data is entered by the user)?Maximum operational flexibility and

configurability via user commands over the

host serial port

?Ability to accept externally supplied

initialization data, including almanacs and

ephemerides, over the host serial port ?User selectable satellites

?User selectable visible satellite mask angle ?Different RF connectors available ?Standard 2x10 pin-field I/O connector ?Operation/storage over an extended

temperature range (–40° C to +85° C)

Figure 1. The Conexant Jupiter GPS Receiver (-391) With Right Angle SMB RF Connector

(Top View – Shown Approximately 1.5x Actual Size)

Figure 2. The Conexant Jupiter GPS Receiver (-391) With Right Angle SMB RF Connector (Bottom View – Shown Approximately 1.5x Actual Size)

The 12-channel architecture provides rapid Time-To-First-Fix (TTFF) under all startup conditions. While the best TTFF performance is achieved when time of day and current position estimates are provided to the receiver, the flexible signal acquisition system takes advantage of all available information to provide a rapid TTFF. Acquisition is guaranteed under all initialization conditions as long as visible satellites are not obscured.

To minimize TTFF when prime power is removed from the receiver, an external OEM-supplied DC supply voltage is required to maintain power to the Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) and to the Real-Time Clock (RTC). In this case, the shortest possible TTFF is achieved by using the RTC time data and prior position data stored in the receiver’s SRAM.The receiver supports Two-Dimensional (2-D) operation when less than four satellites are available or when required by operating conditions. Altitude information required for 2-D operation is determined by the receiver or may be provided by the OEM application.

Communication with the receiver is established through two identical, independent, asynchronous serial I/O ports that support full duplex data communication. The receiver’s primary serial port (the host port) outputs navigation data and accepts commands from the OEM application in National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA-0183) format or Conexant binary message format.

Figure 3. Jupiter Receiver Architecture

The secondary port (the auxiliary port) is configured to accept Differential GPS (DGPS) corrections in the Radio Technical Commission For Maritime Services (RTCM SC-104) format (a summary of the supported RTCM message types is listed in Table 10). A complete description of the serial data interface is contained in the Conexant document, Zodiac GPS Receiver Family Designer’s Guide.

Receiver Architecture. The functional architecture of the Jupiter receiver is shown in Figure 3. The receiver design is based on the Conexant Zodiac chip set: the Gemini/Pisces Monopac TM and the Scorpio DSP, which contain the required GPS functionality. The Gemini/Pisces Monopac TM contains all the RF downconversion and amplification circuitry, and presents the In-Phase (I) and Quadrature-Phase (Q) Intermediate Frequency (IF) sampled data to the Scorpio device. The Scorpio device contains an integral microprocessor and all the required GPS-specific signal processing hardware. Memory and other external supporting components configure the receiver into a complete navigation system.

Product Applications

The Jupiter GPS receiver is suitable for a wide range of OEM highly integrated GPS design applications such as:?Handheld GPS receiver applications

?Automotive applications

?Marine navigation applications

?Aviation applications

?Timing applications Figure 4 illustrates a typical architecture used to integrate the receiver with an applications processor that drives peripheral devices such as a display and keyboard. The interface between the applications processor and the receiver is through the serial data interface.

Technical Description

General Information. The Jupiter GPS receiver requires +5V primary DC input power. The receiver can operate from either an active or passive GPS antenna, supplied by the OEM, to receive L1 band frequency GPS carrier signals.

Since the receiver determines its position by ranging signals from three or more GPS satellites orbiting the Earth, its antenna must have reasonable visibility of the sky. This is generally not a problem when the receiver is used outdoors in the open. However, when used indoors or inside of an automobile, the antenna should be positioned in such a way as to have an unobstructed “view” of the sky. To establish an initial navigation fix, the receiver requires a minimum of three satellites in track with good geometry (Geometric Dilution of Precision [GDOP]

<10).

If satellite signals are blocked, the length of time for the receiver to receive those signals and determine its position is longer. If fewer than three satellites are being tracked, or if the satellite geometry is degraded, signal blockage may result in a failure to navigate.

Figure 4. Typical Jupiter/OEM Architecture Table 1. Jupiter Receiver Signal Acquisition

Time-To-First-Fix Initial Error Uncertainties (3 Sigma)

Maximum

Almanac Age

Maximum

Ephemeris

Age

Satellite

Acquisition

State

Typical

(minutes)

90% Probable

(minutes)

Position (km)Velocity

(m/sec)

Time

(minutes)

Weeks Hours

Warm Initialized Cold Frozen 0.30

0.8

2.0

(*)

0.4

1.0

2.5

(*)

100

N/A

N/A = Not available in real-time to the receiver. Note that times are valid at 25 degrees Celsius with no satellite signal blockage.

(*) = Frozen start is considered to be a recovery mode. An “out-of-the-box” board that has not operated for a significant amount of time (months) may approximate this state because the data in EEPROM may be valid but expired or partially complete.

Satellite Acquisition. The Jupiter GPS receiver supports four types of satellite signal acquisition depending on the availability of critical data. Table 1 provides the corresponding TTFF times for each of the following acquisition states.

?Warm Start. A warm start results from a software reset after a period of continuous navigation or a return from a

short idle period (i.e., a few minutes) that was preceded by

a period of continuous navigation. In this state, all of the

critical data (position, velocity, time, and satellite

ephemeris) is valid to the specified accuracy and available in SRAM.

?Initialized Start. An initialized start typically results from user-supplied position and time initialization data or

continuous RTC operation with an accurate last known

position available from EEPROM. In this state, position and time data are present and valid but ephemeris data validity has expired.?Cold Start. A cold start acquisition state results when position and/or time data is unknown, either of which

results in an unreliable satellite visibility list. Almanac

information is used to identify previously healthy satellites.?Frozen Start. A frozen start acquisition state occurs if there are no valid internal data sources available.

Navigation Modes. The Jupiter GPS receiver supports three types of Navigation Mode operations: Three-Dimensional (3-D), Two-Dimensional (2-D), and DGPS. Each of these modes is briefly described below:

?Three-Dimensional Navigation (3-D). The receiver defaults to 3-D navigation whenever at least four GPS

satellites are being tracked. In 3-D navigation, the receiver computes latitude, longitude, altitude, and time information from satellite measurements. The accuracies that can be

obtained in 3-D navigation are shown in Table 2.

Jupiter GPS Receiver TU30-D140-371/381/391

Table 2. GPS Receiver Navigational Accuracies

Position (meters)Velocity

Horizontal3-D Vertical(meters/sec)

CEP(2 dRMS)3-D (2 sigma) Full Accuracy C/A255093780.1

Standard Positioning Service (SPS)50100

(95%)

200

(95%)

173

(95%)

Note 1

Note 1: Velocity accuracies for SPS are not specified for the GPS system.

?Two-Dimensional Navigation (2-D). When less than four GPS satellite signals are available and when a fixed value

of altitude can be used to produce an acceptable

navigation solution, the Jupiter receiver enters the 2-D

navigation mode from 3-D navigation. The receiver uses a

fixed value of altitude determined either during prior 3-D

navigation or as provided by the OEM. Forced operation in 2-D mode can be commanded by the OEM.

In 2-D navigation, the navigational accuracy is primarily

determined by the relationship of the fixed value of altitude to the true altitude of the antenna. If the fixed value is

correct, the horizontal accuracies shown in Table 2 apply.

Otherwise, the horizontal accuracies degrade as a function of the error in the fixed altitude.

?DGPS Navigation. DGPS corrections must be compliant with the RTCM recommended standards for differential

Navstar GPS service, also known as RTCM SC-104. DGPS corrections are processed through the receiver’s Auxiliary

serial port (port 2). DGPS corrections are also processed

using Conexant binary message 1351 (refer to the Zodiac

GPS Receiver Family Designer’s Guide) through the

receiver’s Host serial port (port 1). Binary message 1351

contains RTCM data.

Depending on the DGPS configuration, navigational

accuracies can be improved dramatically in 3-D DGPS

mode and the Jupiter supports the accuracies described in the RTCM SC-104 document.

Power Modes And Power Sequencing Requirements. The Jupiter receiver has three power modes: Off, Operate, and “Keep-Alive.” Table 3 summarizes the signal conditions and current requirements for each of these modes. The Off mode assumes that neither primary power nor external “Keep-Alive”voltage is available.

The Off mode implies that the receiver is completely de-energized. The Operate mode implies that the receiver is completely energized. The “Keep-Alive” mode implies that primary power has been removed but that an external DC voltage source is provided for backup of the SRAM and RTC.?Off mode. The receiver is completely de-energized including all DC supply input signals, serial data input

signals, and control input signals.

?Operate mode. The receiver enters its Operate power mode when the receiver’s components are fully energized

at +5 ± 0.25 VDC. The M_RST control signal must be

asserted or at a CMOS “high” logic level.

?“Keep-Alive” mode. From Operate mode, the receiver enters a “Keep-Alive” mode when PWRIN voltage is

removed, provided that an external DC supply voltage is

available at the VBATT signal input. In this state, the

external voltage supply provides power for the SRAM and

RTC. If the board is subsequently powered up from this

state, the receiver uses the current time maintained by the RTC as well as critical satellite data stored in SRAM to

achieve rapid TTFF.

Caution:During the OFF or “Keep-Alive” modes, de-energizing

(i.e., not driven to a CMOS “high” level) the following

I/O functions is recommended:

?Master Reset (pin J1-5).

?NMEA Protocol Select (pin J1-7).

?ROM Default Select (pin J1-8).

?Time Mark Pulse (pin J1-19).

?Host Port Serial Data Output and Input (pins J1-11 and 12).?Auxiliary Port Serial Data Input (pin J1-15).

Violation of the specified operating voltages results in erratic receiver operation. The voltage threshold level at which the receiver’s power supervisory circuit places the receiver’s microprocessor in reset is +4.5 (+0/-0.2) VDC, in which case PWRIN continues to supply power to the receiver. No damage occurs if PWRIN dwells in this uncertainty region, but power dissipation is affected. Also, critical SRAM data and RTC time keeping may become corrupted, affecting TTFF when the receiver is returned to normal operating conditions.

Table 3. Jupiter GPS Receiver External Power Requirements

(Typical, Measured at 25° C)

Input Voltage Requirement By Mode

Operate“Keep-Alive”

(5 VDC)“Keep-Alive”

(3 VDC)

PWRIN Voltage+5 ± 0.25V0V or GND0V or GND PWRIN current (Typical)195mA

(975mW)

N/A N/A

PWRIN current (Maximum)230mA

(1150mW)

N/A N/A PWRIN Ripple P-P100mV N/A N/A VBATT Voltage Note 1+5 ± 0.25V+3 ± 0. 50V VBATT Current N/A75μA40μA VBATT Maximum Power N/A0.38mW0.12mW Note 1: VBATT should not exceed PWRIN while in Operate Mode.

Power-Up Sequencing. The power-up sequence for the Jupiter receiver is the same from either the OFF mode or the “Keep-Alive” mode. Primary DC power, as specified in Table 3, is applied to the PWRIN pin of the receiver’s OEM interface connector by the host system. If the M_RST pin on the interface connector is asserted high when DC power is applied, the receiver begins normal operation after 200 ms.

Technical Specifications

Operational Characteristics__________________________

Signal Acquisition Performance. Refer to Table 1. The values shown are based on unobscured satellite signals.

Accuracy. Accuracy is a function of the entire Navstar system and geometry of the satellites at the time of measurement. In general, individual receivers have very little influence over the accuracy provided. Navigational accuracies using Full Accuracy C/A Code (SA Off) and the SPS (SA On) are shown in Table 2. These accuracies are based on a Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) of 6.0 and the maximum vehicle dynamic of 500 m/sec.

Solution Update Rate. Once per second.

Reacquisition. 2 seconds typical with a 10 second blockage.

RTCM SC-104 Differential Compatibility. Direct data input over the Auxiliary serial port or indirect data input using Conexant binary message 1351 over the Host serial port (refer to the Zodiac GPS Receiver Family Designer’s Guide for details).

Time Mark. Once per second.

Serial Data Output Protocol. Conexant binary serial I/O messages or NMEA-0183 serial I/O messages.Power Requirements_________________________________

Regulated power for the Jupiter GPS receiver is required according to the information provided in Table 3.

When the receiver is operated with an active GPS antenna, the antenna’s maximum preamp “pass-through” current is 50 mA at voltages up to +12V. This current must be limited outside of the receiver.

Radio Frequency Signal Environment___________________

RF Input. 1575.42 MHz (L1 band) at a level between –130 dBW and –163 dBW. The RF input connects to an OSX high-retention female connector for the -371 and -381 configurations or an SMB high retention female connector for the –391 configuration.

Burnout Protection. –10 dBW signal within a bandwidth of 10 MHz centered about the L1 carrier frequency.

Physical___________________________________________

Dimensions. 2.800” x 1.600” x 0.442” (71 mm x 41 mm x 11 mm) with 3 RF connector options: straight OSX, right angle OSX, or right angle SMB. The Jupiter board also provides a standard 2x10 pin-field I/O connector.

Weight. 0.85 ounces (23.8 gm)

Environmental______________________________________

Cooling (operating/storage). Convection

Temperature (operating/storage). –40°C to +85°C

Humidity. Relative humidity up to 95% noncondensing or a wet-bulb temperature of +35° C, whichever is less.

100

10-1

-2

10-310-410-510

-6

5 Hz

15 Hz

80 Hz

100 Hz

500 Hz

2000 Hz

C301

G 2Hz

Vibration Frequency (Hz)

Figure 5. SAE Composite Curve (Random Noise)

Altitude (operating/storage). –1000 feet to 60,000 feet.Maximum Vehicle Dynamic . 500 m/sec (acquisition and navigation).

Vibration . Full Performance, see the composite SAE curve in Figure 5. Survival, 18G peak, 5 msec duration.

Shock . Shipping (in container): 10 drops from 75 cm onto a concrete floor.

RF Connector ______________________________________The RF connector is a 50 Ohm standard straight OSX

subminiature, snap-on coaxial RF jack receptacle. Optional right angle OSX and SMB connectors are also available.

OEM Interface Connector ____________________________The OEM communications interface is a dual row, straight 2x10pin field connector header. The pins are spaced on 2.0 mm (0.0787 in) centers and the pin lengths are 7.62 mm (0.300 in)on the board configuration containing a straight or right angle OSX RF connector. The pin lengths are 10.16 mm (0.400 in) on the board configuration containing the right angle SMB

connector. Figure 6 diagrams the pin 1 reference location (pin 4is not installed).

Mechanical Layout__________________________________A mechanical drawing for the Jupiter 5V GPS receiver board is shown in Figure 7.

ESD Sensitivity

The Jupiter GPS receiver contains Class 1 devices. The following Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) precautions are recommended:

? Protective outer garments

? Handle device in ESD safeguarded work area ? Transport device in ESD shielded containers ? Monitor and test all ESD protection equipment

Treat the Jupiter GPS receiver as extremely sensitive to ESD.

Hardware Interface

The electrical interface for the Jupiter receiver is a standard 2x10 pin field connector header that is used for all data input and output. A pinout description for this connector is provided in Table 4.

The following paragraphs describe the function of each pin on the 2x10 pin field interface connector. These functions are divided into three groups: Configuration and timing signals,serial communication signals, and DC input signals.

Configuration And Timing Signals______________________Pin J1-5: Master Reset (M_RST) – Active Low

This signal allows the OEM to generate a system hardware reset to the receiver. This signal is capable of being driven directly by an external microprocessor or by external logic without the need for any external pull-up or pull-down resistors.The OEM can generate a system reset to the receiver by pulling the M_RST control signal low to ground.

Note:The M_RST signal must be pulled to a CMOS logic

“high” level coincident with, or after, the application of prime DC power for the receiver to enter its Operate mode. The M_RST must be held at ground level for a minimum of 150 nanoseconds to assure proper generation of a hardware reset to the receiver.

20219

Card C404

Figure 6. 2x10 Pin Field Connector (J1) Pin 1 Reference Location (Top View)Table 4. Jupiter Receiver Standard 2x10 Pin Field OEM Interface Connector Pinout

Pin #

Name

Description

Pin #

Name

Description

1PREAMP Preamp power input 11SDO1Serial data output port #12PWRIN_5Primary +5 VDC power input 12SDI1Serial data input port #13VBATT Battery backup voltage input 13GND Ground

4N/C Reserved (no connect)14N/C Reserved (no connect)5M_RST Master reset input (active low)15SDI2Serial data input port #26N/C Reserved (no connect)16GND Ground 7GPIO2NMEA protocol select 17GND Ground 8GPIO3ROM default select 18GND Ground

9GPIO4Reserved (no connect)19TMARK 1 PPS time mark output 10

GND

Ground

10KHZ

10 kHz clock output

This signal can also be used to provide control of the Jupiter receiver’s Operate mode without removing primary input power from the receiver. When M_RST is pulled to ground, the receiver enters a low power state for as long as the M_RST signal is asserted low. In this state, a portion of the receiver’s RF circuitry is de-energized, the SRAMs are transitioned into their low power data retention state, and the RTC device is

maintained. When the receiver is placed into this low power state through the use of the M_RST control signal, the receiver continues to draw current from the primary input power (PWRIN)but at a reduced level.

When the M_RST signal is subsequently asserted high by the OEM, RF power is re-applied, a system reset is generated after a 0.25 second delay, and the receiver is returned to its normal Operate mode.

Pin J1-6: Reserved

This signal is reserved and NO electrical connections should be made to the OEM application.

Note:All pins designated as GPIO pins (J1-7, J1-8, and J1-9)

are only examined by the receiver at the time the receiver is reset with either: a hardware reset signal (J1-5); by removing and reapplying power; or by sending a software reset message (Conexant binary message 1303). For settings on these pins to be effective, they must be set immediately before a reset occurs.

Pin J1-7: NMEA Protocol Select (GPIO2)

The Jupiter receiver has two hardware selectable message protocols that may be used to communicate over the host serial I/O port. These message protocols are a Conexant binary message format and a NMEA ASCII message format.When this signal is pulled “low,” the receiver communicates over the host serial port using the NMEA message format (4800 bps,no parity, 8 data bits, and 1 stop bit).

When this signal is pulled “high,” the receiver communicates over the host serial I/O port using the format determined by the setting of the Read-Only Memory (ROM) Default Select pin (J1-8).

Binary and NMEA messages are both described in the

Conexant document, Zodiac GPS Receiver Family Designer’s Guide.

Pin J1-8: ROM Default Select (GPIO3)

This signal determines whether the message format, host port communication settings, receiver default message set, and initialization data parameters are obtained from default values stored in ROM or from user-configurable settings stored in SRAM/EEPROM. If this signal is pulled “low,” the ROM-based factory default values are used.

Jupiter GPS Receiver TU30-D140-371/381/391

Figure 7. Mechanical Drawing of the Jupiter 5V GPS Receiver Board

TU30-D140-371/381/391Jupiter GPS Receiver

Note:When the ROM defaults select signal (GPIO3) is pulled “low,” each power cycle or reset of the receiver results in

a longer TTFF. This is because the receiver uses default

initialization parameters stored in ROM rather than the

current initialization parameters that may be available in

SRAM or EEPROM.

The default values for NMEA protocol are 4800 bps Rx/Tx, no parity, 8 data bits, and 1 stop bit. The default values for binary protocol are 9600 bps Rx/Tx, no parity, 8 data bits, and 1 stop bit.

If this signal is pulled “high,” the port configuration parameters are accessed in the following priority:

1.If SRAM checksums are valid, the communication

parameters and initialization data parameters are read from SRAM.

2.If SRAM checksums are invalid and EEPROM checksums

are valid, the communication parameters and initialization

data parameters are read from EEPROM.

3.If SRAM checksums are invalid and EEPROM checksums

are invalid, the default values in ROM are used.

The relationship between the user-selectable functions (GPIO2 and GPIO3) is shown in Table 5.

Pin J1-9: Reserved (GPIO4)

This signal is reserved and NO electrical connections should be made to the OEM application.Pin J1-14: Reserved

This signal is reserved and NO electrical connections should be made to the OEM application.

Note:Both the configuration and timing signals, and the serial communication signals described in the next two

sections must be applied according to the limits shown in

Table 6.

Pin J1-19: UTC Time Mark Pulse (TMARK)

The Time Mark output provides a one pulse-per-second (1 pps) signal to the OEM application processor. When the receiver provides a valid navigation solution, the rising edge of each TMARK pulse is synchronized with the UTC one second epochs to within ±300 nsec (3σ).

When the receiver operates using the Conexant binary message protocol, the receiver’s software produces a message containing the UTC time associated with each time mark pulse. The relationship between the UTC Time Mark Pulse Output message and the TMARK pulse is shown in Figure 8. When the receiver’s serial data communication port is set to 9600 bps, the UTC Time Mark Pulse Output message precedes the TMARK pulse by 400 to 500 ms (typically).

The TMARK pulse waveform is shown in Figure 9. This signal is a positive logic, buffered CMOS level output pulse that transitions from a logic “low” condition to a logic “high” at a 1 Hz rate. The TMARK output pulse rise time is typically less than

2 ns and the pulse duration is typically 25.6 ms.

Table 5. Jupiter Receiver Serial Port Configuration Truth Table

NMEA Protocol

Select

(Pin 7)ROM Default

Select

(Pin 8)

Result

00NMEA message format; host port communication settings = 4800 bps, no parity, 8 data bits, 1

stop bit. The receiver operates from default initialization values stored in ROM and outputs the

default NMEA message set from ROM.

01NMEA message format; host port communication settings = 4800 bps, no parity, 8 data bits, 1

stop bit. The receiver selects the default NMEA output message set and uses initialization

values from the data stored in SRAM or EEPROM (Note 1).

10Binary message format; host port communication settings = 9600 bps, no parity, 8 data bits, 1

stop bit. The receiver operates from default initialization values stored in ROM.

11Data stored in SRAM or EEPROM determines message format, host port communication

settings, and default message set (Note 1).

Note 1: For further information, refer to the description of the ROM Default Select pin (J1-8) below.

Jupiter GPS Receiver TU30-D140-371/381/391

Table 6. Jupiter GPS Receiver Digital Signal Requirements

Symbol

Parameter

Limits (Note 1)

Units

PWRIN_5Primary Power Input to the Jupiter (+5 VDC) 4.75 to 5.25

volts VIH (min)Minimum High-Level Input Voltage 0.7 x PWRIN volts VIH (max)Maximum High-Level Input Voltage PWRIN volts VIL (min)Minimum Low-Level Input Voltage –0.3volts VIL (max)Maximum Low-Level Input Voltage 0.3 x PWRIN volts VOH (min)Minimum High-Level Output Voltage 0.8 x PWRIN volts VOH (max)Maximum High-Level Output Voltage PWRIN volts VOL (min)Minimum Low-Level Output Voltage 0

volts VOL (max)Maximum Low-Level Output Voltage 0.2 x PWRIN volts tr, tf Input Rise and Fall Time

50nanoseconds C out

Maximum Output Load Capacitance

picofarads

Note 1: PWRIN refers to a +5 VDC power input (PWRIN_5).

Figure 8. UTC Time Mark Pulse Output Message/UTC TMARK Pulse Relationship

TU30-D140-371/381/391Jupiter GPS Receiver

Figure 9. Jupiter GPS Receiver Time Mark Pulse Waveform

Pin J1-20: 10 kHz UTC Synchronized Clock

The UTC TMARK pulse starts on the rising edge of the 10 kHz clock pulse most closely associated with the start of the GPS second, and falls on the 256th pulse after the start. Figure 10 shows the relationship between the start of the UTC TMARK pulse and the 10 kHz clock. This clock signal is a positive logic, buffered CMOS output.

Serial Communication Signals________________________ Note:Both serial ports have default settings for baud rate, parity, data, and stop bits. However, either port can be

reconfigured to standard rates, parity, and number of bits

using the Conexant binary message 1330.

Pins J1-11 and 12: Host Port Serial Data Output And Input (SDO1 and SDI1)

The host port consists of a full-duplex asynchronous serial data interface. Both binary and NMEA initialization and configuration data messages are transmitted and received across this port. When the NMEA Protocol Select pin (J1-7) is “low” during reset initialization, the Host port is set to NMEA protocol, 4800 baud, no parity, 8 data bits, and 1 stop bit. Otherwise, the last saved setting is used.

If there is no last saved setting, the port is set to Conexant binary protocol, 9600 baud, no parity, 8 data bits, and 1 stop bit. The OEM application must provide any Line Driver/Line Receiver (LD/LR) circuitry to extend the range of the interface. Port idle is nominally a CMOS logical high (+5 VDC).Pin J1-15: Auxiliary Port Serial Data Input (SDI2)

The auxiliary port consists of a second half-duplex asynchronous serial data interface. This port is configured to receive RTCM DGPS correction data messages.

When the NMEA Protocol Select pin (J1-7) is “low” during reset initialization, the Auxiliary Port Serial Data input defaults to 9600 baud, no parity, 8 data bits, and 1 stop bit. Otherwise, the last saved setting is used.

The OEM application must provide any LD/LR circuitry to extend the range of the interface. Port idle is nominally a CMOS logical high (+5 VDC).

DC Input Signals____________________________________ Pin J1-1: Preamp Power Input (PREAMP)

The OEM may optionally supply power to a preamplifier using the antenna cable center conductor. The maximum voltage is +12 VDC and the current must not exceed 50 mA. If the OEM uses a passive antenna, Conexant recommends that this pin be grounded to help reduce noise in the RF input.

Warning:Do not apply power to a passive antenna or

damage to the receiver may occur.

Pin J1-2: Power Input (PWRIN_5)

This signal is the primary power input to the Jupiter receiver. Regulated DC power requirements are shown in Table 3.

Pin J1-3: Battery Backup Power Input (VBATT)

This signal is used to provide a DC power input to the SRAM and RTC devices only. The receiver automatically switches to the VBATT input signal when primary DC power (PWRIN) is removed from the board.

Jupiter GPS Receiver TU30-D140-371/381/391

C305

Figure 10. 10 kHz Clock Waveform/UTC TMARK Pulse Relationship

This feature is intended to provide the receiver with a “warm start” capability by maintaining an accurate time source and using position and satellite data stored in SRAM after prime input power (PWRIN) has been removed from the receiver.

In the standby mode, the receiver draws only a few microamps (see Table 3). This current level is appropriate for battery use. However, the battery voltage must be equal to, or less than, the normal PWRIN voltage so that during periods when the receiver operates on normal power, the battery is not required to supply full SRAM power. Since the SRAM chips do not require more than 3V to maintain their memory, it is acceptable to supply them with a 3V battery even when the rest of the system is 5V. Pin J1-4: Reserved

This signal is reserved and no electrical connections should be made to the OEM application.

Pins J1-10, 13, 16, 17, and 18: Ground (GND)

DC grounds for the board. All grounds are tied together through the receiver’s printed wiring board (PWB) ground plane and should all be grounded externally to the receiver.

Software Interface

The host serial I/O port of the Jupiter’s serial data interface supports full duplex communication between the receiver and the OEM application. Data messages can be in the Conexant binary format or NMEA-0183 format. The receiver also contains an auxiliary port dedicated to direct processing of the RTCM SC-104 messages for DGPS corrections.

Binary Data Messages. All of the output and input binary messages for the Jupiter receiver are listed in Table 7, along with their corresponding message IDs. A complete description of each binary message is contained in the Conexant document, Zodiac GPS Receiver Family Designer’s Guide.

NMEA Data Messages. The Jupiter LP supports NMEA v2.01 data messages. All of the output and input NMEA messages for the Jupiter receiver are listed in Table 8 along with their corresponding message IDs. A complete description of each NMEA message is contained in the Conexant document, Zodiac GPS Receiver Family Designer’s Guide.

RTCM SC-104 Data Messages. Table 9 lists those messages defined in the RTCM SC-104 standard that are used by the Jupiter receiver to form a DGPS position solution (not all DGPS messages are necessary for DGPS operation).

TU30-D140-371/381/391Jupiter GPS Receiver

Table 7. Jupiter Receiver Binary Data Messages

Output Message Name Message ID Input Message Name Message ID Geodetic Position Status Output (*)1000Geodetic Position and Velocity Initialization1200 Channel Summary (*)1002User-Defined Datum Definition1210 Visible Satellites (*)1003Map Datum Select1211 Differential GPS Status1005Satellite Elevation Mask Control1212 Channel Measurement1007Satellite Candidate Select1213 ECEF Position Output1009Differential GPS Control1214 Receiver ID (**)1011Cold Start Control1216 User-Settings Output1012Solution Validity Criteria1217 Raw Almanac Output1040User-Entered Altitude Input1219 Raw Ephemeris Output1041Application Platform Control1220 Raw Ionospheric and UTC Corrections Output1042Nav Configuration1221 Built-In Test Results1100Raw Almanac Input1240 UTC Time Mark Pulse Output (*)1108Raw Ephemeris Input1241 Frequency Standard Parameters In Use1110Raw Ionospheric and UTC Corrections Input1242 Serial Port Communication Parameters In Use1130Perform Built-In Test Command1300 EEPROM Update1135Restart Command1303 EEPROM Status1136Frequency Standard Input Parameters1310 Frequency Standard Table Output Data1160Serial Port Communication Parameters1330 Error/Status1190Message Protocol Control1331

Factory Calibration Input1350

Raw DGPS RTCM SC-104 Data1351

Frequency Standard Table Input Data1360 (*) Enabled by default at power-up.

(**) Output by default once at power-up or reset.

Jupiter GPS Receiver TU30-D140-371/381/391

Table 8. Jupiter Receiver NMEA v2.01 Data Messages

Output Message Name Message ID Input Message Name Message ID Conexant Proprietary Built-In Test (BIT) Results BIT Conexant Proprietary Built-In Test (BIT) Command IBIT Conexant Proprietary Error/Status ERR Conexant Proprietary Log Control Message ILOG GPS Fix Data (*)GGA Conexant Proprietary Receiver Initialization INIT GPS DOP and Active Satellites (*)GSA Conexant Proprietary Protocol Message IPRO GPS Satellites in View (*)GSV Standard Query Message Q

Conexant Proprietary Receiver ID (**)RID

Recommended Minimum Specific GPS Data (*)RMC

Track Made Good and Ground Speed VTG

Conexant Proprietary Zodiac Channel Status (*)ZCH

(*) Enabled by default at power-up.

(**) Output by default once at power-up or reset.

Table 9. Jupiter Receiver RTCM SC-104 Data Messages

Message ID Title Used For DGPS Corrections?

1Differential GPS Corrections Yes

2Delta DGPS Corrections Yes

3Reference Station Parameters No

6Null Frame No

9Partial Satellite Set Differential Corrections Yes

TU30-D140-371/381/391Jupiter GPS Receiver Ordering Information

Model Name Manufacturing Part

Number

Product Revision

Jupiter

w/straight OSX

w/right angle OSX

w/right angle SMB TU30-D140

-371

-381

-391

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国内外流体力学研究机构

国内外流体力学研究机构 2008-05-08 09:08:34|分类：C FD |标签：|字号大中小订阅 1.北京航空航天大学流体力学研究所 http://www.bu https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1217806865.html,/dept5/stress.htm 包括国家计算流体力学重点实验室（由李椿萱院士和张函信院士主持）和流体力学开放实验室 2. 美国布朗大学流体机械研究中心 http://www.cfm.b https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1217806865.html, 了解流体机械的诸多方面 3.美国ssesco公司CFD技术服务中心 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1217806865.html,/files/cfd_main.html 美国一个著名的计算流体服务机构，解决C FD计算和工程问题的专家 4.英国Cra nfield大学CFD研究中心 http://www.cra https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1217806865.html,/sme/cfd/ 主要介绍C FD的在各个领域的应用。 5.欧洲流体湍流及燃烧研究协会（Europe an Research C ommunity On Flow, Turbulence And Combustion ） http://lmfwww.epfl.ch/lmf/ERC OFTAC/ 领导管理欧洲的流体，湍流及燃烧方面的科研教育和工业的联合组织。 6.美国国家航空和宇宙航行局 http://www.nasa.go v/ NASA的各项动态和进展，信息很多。 7. 加拿大计算流体力学学会(The CFD Society of Can ada ) http://www.cfdsc.ca/english/index.html 介绍计算流体力学的进展和应用 8. CFD免费软件下载中心(CFD codes list - free softwa re) http://www.cfdsc.ca/english/index.html CFD免费软件下载(ft p) 9. 美国普林斯顿大学空气动力学实验室(the Princeton Gas Dyn amics Lab ) http://www.p https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1217806865.html,/~gasd yn/index.ht ml 进行流体力学的前沿研究 10. 澳大利亚Monash 大学湍流研究所(The Turbulence Research Laborato ry at Monash Uni versity ) https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1217806865.html,.au/~julio/TRL/ 进行湍流的理论和实验研究及应用 11. 美国Syracuse 大学超音速中心(S yracuse University cente r for h ype rsonics)

jupiter-平原绫香(中日文+罗马音)

Every day I listen to my heart ひとりじゃない深い胸の奥でつながってる果てしない时を越えて辉く星が出会えた奇迹教えてくれる Every day I listen to my heart ひとりじゃないこの宇宙の御胸に抱かれて私のこの両手で何ができるの? 痛みに触れさせてそっと目を闭じて梦を失うよりも悲しいことは自分を信じてあげられないこと爱を学ぶために孤独があるなら意味のないことなど起こりはしない心の静寂に耳を澄まして私を呼んだならどこへでも行くわあなたのその涙私のものに今は自分を抱きしめて命のぬくもり感じて私たちは谁もひとりじゃないありのままでずっと爱されてる望むように生きて辉く未来をいつまでも歌うわあなたのために Every day I listen to my heart hitori ja nai fukai mune no oku de tsunagatteru hateshinai toki wo koete kagayaku hoshi ga deaeta kiseki oshiete kureru Every day I listen to my heart hitori ja nai kono sora no go mune ni dakarete watashi no kono ryoute de nani ga dekiru no? itami ni furesasete sotto me wo tojite yume wo ushinau yori mo kanashii koto wa

基于服务蓝图的呷哺呷哺服务过程研究

基于服务蓝图的呷哺呷哺服务过程研究北京工商大学研一企业管理1班高翁玉10011313448 【摘要】伴随着我国餐饮业的发展，各类型的饭店数量剧增，中式快餐也迅速发展，服务质量和管理水平不如人意的问题凸显了出来。本文主要以呷哺呷哺的吧台式火锅为例，运用目前日渐成熟的服务蓝图法对呷哺呷哺整个服务过程进行详细分析，旨在得出服务失败的关键点，并对其进行针对性改进，达到提高服务质量的目的。【关键词】服务流程服务质量服务蓝图呷哺呷哺质量是企业的生命线，质量管理是企业管理的一个重要方面。现代质量管理发展基本上经历了质量的事后检验阶段、统计质量控制阶段以及全面质量管理阶段。但是由于服务不同于有形产品，它具有无形性、顾客参与服务生产过程、服务的生产与消费同步发生等特征，因此服务质量是以顾客感知为导向的，我们通常以顾客满意度来衡量服务质量。在服务质量控制上也相对困难，20世纪80年代在美国学者Lynn Shostack和Jane Kingman-Brunkage等专家的努力下，服务蓝图法（Blueprinting Technique）应运而生。本文主要通过对呷哺呷哺的案例分析，介绍如何应运服务蓝图法提升服务质量。 1.服务蓝图简介服务蓝图是一种服务系统图，它详细地描绘了服务系统的如下几个方面：顾客消费行为过程、服务实施过程（服务传递过程）、顾客接触点、顾客与服务员的角色、服务中的有形展示等。服务蓝图与其他流程图最为显著的区别是包括了顾客及其看待服务过程的观点。实际上，在设计有效的服务蓝图时，值得借鉴的一点是从顾客对过程的观点出发，逆向工作导入实施系统。每个行为部分中的方框图表示出相应水平上执行服务的人员执行或经历服务的步骤。服务蓝图的作用主要有：用于设计新服务；用于服务管理创新与服务质量提升；用于培训；用于标准管理与知识管理；用于可视化管理等等。服务蓝图的基本构成要素包括四个方面：四种行为、连接行为的流向线、分割行为的三条分界线和设置在顾客行为上方的有形展示，如图1所示。

平民人像：尤比切尔 Jupiter

平民人像：尤比切尔Jupiter 前几天收了两个俄头，50 2.8小微距，和尤比切尔Jupiter-9 85mm/F2，本不是有心，既然收了，就上网查了一下资料，也试拍了几张片，发现效果不错，共享出来，给有意此头的摄友一点参考。为方便参考，图片后期略调整曝光，缩图，没有剪裁和锐化等其他操作。－－－－－－－－－－－一些参数，和评价，都是网上收集的，有些实在找不到出处，所以没标：画面尺寸;24X36. 焦距:84.51mm. 光圈比:1:2 光圈为2-16 光圈叶片：15片光学结构:6片4组.

对焦范围:0.8-无限远. 视角:28度50分. 重量：360克（也有资料说380克）体积：69x72毫米滤镜尺寸：49*0.75 镀膜状况；多层镀膜（MC标识，也有没MC的“白头”）1933年苏联仿制二战前Carl Zeiss Sonnar 85mmF2镜头,属135相机类型中焦镜头,因系出名门,所以Jupiter 9的成像一流,即便在黑白的时代所设计的光学系统,在彩色的今天仍能很好的运作,当然因镜片镀膜技术的问题,抗耀光能力较差,但便宜的价格与经细的作工跟扎实的用料(全镜无一丝塑料件),加上高达15片的光圈叶片(这在现代镜头中是找不到了),使作像拍摄有很好的表现,当然避开强逆光及加上合适的遮光罩是必要的.Jupiter 9镜头的机械构造较简单,因子早期设计,所以无光圈自动顶针,必须手动收缩光圈,但为因应拍摄方便,光圈调节环有两个,除一个做实际光圈大小调节,令一个环做光圈默认值极限,所以在预设好光圈值后,调节此环可在预设光

圈值与全开光圈之间变换,减少拍摄时还须濒濒看光圈值的麻烦. －－－尤彼切尔85/2 网摘：香港著名摄影家和摄影器材评论家吴文雄先生，在2000年9月份的《照相机》杂志上发表一文《用镜漫谈》，其中推荐了俄罗斯著名的85Ｆ２．０人像镜头，现在摘录其中精妙之言以飨诸位影友。古人云；工欲善其事，必先利其器，所谓利者，本人解释为利器和如何使用利器的利用两方面，换句话说，有利器不会利用的话，也等于没有利器。本人现在以拍摄人像为主，提起人像，它是易拍而难精的一种，前人云：摄影应以人像开始而以人像为终结。拍人像对于选用镜头是有一定标准的，概言之，要结像细致，要反差较小，要较大光圈，要色彩还原好，要能拍出人像的质感例如皮肤感，要成像后画面出现立体感，这样的镜头才是好镜头，镜头厂家为此制造出人像镜头。拍摄某种题材是有某种法则的，人像也是如此，一般拍摄人像时，摄影者和被摄影者之间的距离最好在3-5ｍ之间，因为保持这样的距离，容易两者之间的沟通和对话。为此，有人建议，用镜要有以下区别：

数字音频处理器中文使用说明

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北方交通大学信息科学研究所北京科技大学矿业研究所北京林业大学林业研究所北京师范大学北京市辐射中心北京市计量科学研究所北京市农林科学院北京邮电大学北京自动化系统工程研究设计院大庆石油天然气地质研究所大庆石油学院石油天然气钻采工程研究所地质矿产部海洋地质研究所地质矿产部沈阳地质矿产研究所地质矿产部石油地质中心实验室地质矿产部水文地质工程地质研究所地质矿产部西安地质矿产研究所地质矿产部岩溶地质研究所地质矿产部郑州矿产综合利用研究所电力工业部电力科学研究院电力工业部武汉高压研究所电子工业部蚌埠接插件继电器研究所电子工业部长沙半导体设备研究所电子工业部电视电声研究所电子工业部东北微电子研究所电子工业部杭州计算机外部设备研究所电子工业部华北计算技术研究所电子工业部华东电子工程研究所电子工业部华东微电子技术研究所电子工业部南京电子技术工程研究所电子工业部平凉半导体专用设备研究所电子工业部上海微电机研究所电子工业部四川压电与声光技术研究所电子工业部天津电子材料研究所电子工业部西安导航技术研究所电子工业部中国电波传播研究所电子工业部中国西南电子设备研究所电子工业部中原电子技术研究所东北工学院干燥技术研究所东北工学院金属塑性加工与型钢生产技术研究所东北工学院设备诊断技术研究所东北工学院自动化所东北工学院自动化仪表与过程控制研究所东南大学电子学研究所东南大学建筑研究所东南大学无线电研究所

东南大学运输工程研究所东南大学自动化研究所福建省热带作物科学研究所福建省三明市真菌研究所福建省亚热带植物研究所公安部第三研究所公安部交通管理研究所公安部上海消防科学研究所公安部四川消防科学研究所广播电影电视部广播科学研究所广东省广州市医药工业研究所广东省家禽科学研究所广东省农业科学院广西大学自动化研究所广西壮族自治区中医药研究所贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州农业科学研究所（简称黔东南州农科所）国家地震局地壳应力研究所国家地震局地质研究所国家地震局工程力学研究所国家海洋局第二海洋研究所国家海洋局第一海洋研究所国家海洋局海洋技术研究所国家建筑材料工业局北京玻璃钢研究设计院国家建筑材料工业局南京玻璃纤维研究设计院国家建筑材料工业局人工晶体研究所国家建筑材料工业局咸阳非金属矿研究所国家建筑材料工业局中国建筑防水材料公司苏州研究设计所国家体育运动委员会昆明体育电子设备研究所国家医药管理局天津药物研究院国家重点化学工程联合实验室国内贸易部（原商业部）杭州茶叶加工研究所国内贸易部（原商业部）南京野生植物综合利用研究所国内贸易部（原商业部）无锡粮食科学研究设计院国内贸易部（原商业部）郑州粮食科学研究设计院国内贸易部物资流通技术研究所哈尔滨船舶工程学院合肥工业大学工业自动化研究所合肥工业大学计算机综合自动化研究所合肥工业大学能源研究所合肥工业大学预测与发展研究所河北省廊坊市农业科学研究所河北省水产研究所河南省农业科学院核工业北京地质研究院

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