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航海类专业英语课堂教学组织的思考

航海类专业英语课堂教学组织的思考
航海类专业英语课堂教学组织的思考

航海类专业英语课堂教学组织的思考

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 编辑整理:https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1218158682.html, 编辑:刘晓飞来源:液压机新浪

摘要:课堂讲授是教学的基本模式,是提高教学质量的中心环节。作者通过分析目前航海类专业英语课堂教学的现状,提出弊端,并就如何通过有效组织课堂教学﹑提高课堂教学质量﹑培养学生的语言综合能力提出自己的建议。

关键词:课堂教学组织提高教学质量专业英语教学英语运用能力

课堂讲授是教学的基本模式,是提高教学质量的中心环节,而要提高课堂讲授的质量,教师必须有效组织课堂教学。而根据笔者调研的实际情况来看目前在航海类专业英语教学中, 大多数教师采用的仍然是以教师为中心传统的讲授式教学方法。阅读课上成要么成了翻译课,要么纯专业知识介绍。学生所要做的只是被动的听和记,即使听力和口语课也不例外。这样的课堂教学不仅学生没有兴趣,教师也会感觉很累,更别谈有效提高课堂教学质量。

一、课堂教学现状

目前,各航海院校的航海类专业英语教学仍然是以教师为核心,而教授英语课的教师又不同:有的是专业课老师和有的是英语老师。然而他们都是不分学生差异一成不变的传统讲授式教学模式。所不同的是他们讲授的侧重点不同。各航海类院校的英语老师由于他们缺少对专业的了解故所采用的专业英语教学模式主要是:1)语言分析+翻译;2)阅读+写作;3)词汇讲解+翻译。而专业课老师由于他们对语言知识的欠缺他们所采用的是纯专业知识介绍。这些以翻译和阅读或者是纯专业知识介绍为主的教学模式虽然一定程度的有助于学生掌握语言知识和翻译技能,对参加国家海事局组织的船员证书考试起到了一定的作用,但它很少涉及语言特别是专业语言综合能力的系统训练,不利于学生语言运用能力的提高,达不到《大纲》要求的交流的基本要求。在这种课堂教学中教师真正成了传统意义上的“传道授业解惑者”,学生只是被动的接受,没有积极思考,更没有激励学生积极参与课堂教学,而缺少真正意义上的课堂互动交流。因此,学生不喜欢学习专业英语,抱怨专业英语课的学习枯燥无味。事实也证明没有哪一种教学方法可以适合任何年龄或任何水平的学习者。因此,作为教师--课堂的组织者,首先要研究学习者的个体差异,如智力﹑认知方式﹑性格﹑学习方法﹑动机﹑年龄以及性别。在教师掌握了教学对象和教学内容的基本情况下,合理的运用教学方法,就能事半功倍;如教学方法的运用不对,就会事倍功半,甚至走弯路。因此,教师在教学过程中,不要采用千篇一律的教学方法,而要根据学生的实际状况采用各种不同的教学法,因材施教。

二、科学合理地组织课堂教学

学习者的学习效果不仅与英语学习能力有关, 还与其他需要某种特定思维的课程学习能力直接相关。苏联教育家马克西莫娃在«如何评价知识?»一文中写到:“教师的效率不是教育者效率和学者效率之和,而是两者之积。如果其中一个系数为零,那么,结果将是零。” 可见,对完成教学任务来说,科学知识和教学方法都很重要,缺一不可。因此,传统那种认为在教学过程中教师所采用的教学方法对教学效果无关紧要,只要教师知识渊博,肚子里有“货”就能教好学生——这种说法是明显不合理的。

教师学识渊博固然重要,但如果不根据课堂教学的实际状况采用合理的教学法和有效的教学手段,同样也是无法提高教学质量的。教学方法不是一成不变,千篇一律的。不仅不同的教学内容和不同的教学对象需要不同的教学方法和教学手段,即使是相同的教学内容和相同年级的学生,虽有共同规律可循,但由于各种具体条件不同,也不能满足于固定不变的模式。

纵观各航海院校,不可否认目前的航海英语教学仍是以教师为核心传统的教学方式为主。众所周知, 教学方式是否妥当将直接影响到教学效果的好坏。但须指出的是影响教学效果的因素众多, 如学生的生源因素(有本科生和高职生,有一本生和二本生,有城市生源和农村生源等)、学生的学习态度和学习兴趣、教材的选用和教学内容的难度、教师的水平和教学方法的运用等等。如果将教学效果不好完全直接归咎于教学方法是否正确是不科学的,也是不合理的。对这一问题我们要用辩证的方法来分析处理。

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主船体main hull 上层建筑superstructure 上甲板/上层连续甲板upper deck 船底bottom 舷侧broadside 艏艉fore and aft 舱壁bulkhead 水密watertight 艏部bow 艉部stern/quarter 二层甲板second deck 平台甲板platform deck 桅屋masthouse 罗经甲板compass deck 驾驶甲板bridge deck 船长甲板master deck 高级船员甲板office deck 艇甲板boat deck 船员甲板crew deck 机舱engine room 货舱cargo hold 货舱口cargo hatch 压载舱ballast tank 深舱deep tank 燃油舱fuel oil tank 滑油舱lubricating oil tank 淡水舱fresh water tank 污油水舱slop tank 隔离空舱/干隔舱caisson 球鼻艏标志bulbous bow mark/BB mark 首侧推器标志bow thruster mark/BT mark 吃水标志draft mark 甲板线deck line 干舷甲板freeboard deck 载重线标志load line mark 热带淡水载重线tropical fresh water load line/TF 夏季淡水载重线fresh water load line/F 热带载重线tropical load line/T 夏季载重线summer load line/S 冬季载重线winter load line 北大西洋冬季载重线winter North Atlantic load line/WNA 国际船舶载重线证书international load line certificate 吃水指示系统draft indicating system 船舶尺度ship dimension 最大尺度/全部尺度/周界尺度overall dimension

电子信息工程专业英语词汇(精华整理版)

transistor n 晶体管 diode n 二极管semiconductor n 半导体 resistor n 电阻器 capacitor n 电容器 alternating adj 交互的 amplifier n 扩音器,放大器integrated circuit 集成电路 linear time invariant systems 线性时不变系统voltage n 电压,伏特数 tolerance n 公差;宽容;容忍condenser n 电容器;冷凝器dielectric n 绝缘体;电解质electromagnetic adj 电磁的 adj 非传导性的 deflection n偏斜;偏转;偏差 linear device 线性器件 the insulation resistance 绝缘电阻 anode n 阳极,正极 cathode n 阴极 breakdown n 故障;崩溃 terminal n 终点站;终端,接线端emitter n 发射器 collect v 收集,集聚,集中insulator n 绝缘体,绝热器oscilloscope n 示波镜;示波器 gain n 增益,放大倍数 forward biased 正向偏置 reverse biased 反向偏置 P-N junction PN结 MOS(metal-oxide semiconductor)金属氧化物半导体 enhancement and exhausted 增强型和耗尽型 integrated circuits 集成电路 analog n 模拟 digital adj 数字的,数位的horizontal adj, 水平的,地平线的vertical adj 垂直的,顶点的amplitude n 振幅,广阔,丰富attenuation n衰减;变薄;稀薄化multimeter n 万用表 frequency n 频率,周率 the cathode-ray tube 阴极射线管 dual-trace oscilloscope 双踪示波器 signal generating device 信号发生器 peak-to-peak output voltage 输出电压峰峰值sine wave 正弦波 triangle wave 三角波 square wave 方波 amplifier 放大器,扩音器 oscillator n 振荡器 feedback n 反馈,回应 phase n 相,阶段,状态 filter n 滤波器,过滤器 rectifier n整流器;纠正者 band-stop filter 带阻滤波器 band-pass filter 带通滤波器 decimal adj 十进制的,小数的hexadecimal adj/n十六进制的 binary adj 二进制的;二元的octal adj 八进制的 domain n 域;领域 code n代码,密码,编码v编码 the Fourier transform 傅里叶变换 Fast Fourier Transform 快速傅里叶变换microcontroller n 微处理器;微控制器assembly language instrucions n 汇编语言指令 chip n 芯片,碎片 modular adj 模块化的;模数的 sensor n 传感器 plug vt堵,塞,插上n塞子,插头,插销coaxial adj 同轴的,共轴的 fiber n 光纤relay contact 继电接触器 single instruction programmer 单指令编程器 dedicated manufactures programming unit 专 供制造厂用的编程单元 beam n (光线的)束,柱,梁 polarize v(使)偏振,(使)极化 Cathode Ray Tube(CRT)阴极射线管 neuron n神经元;神经细胞 fuzzy adj 模糊的 Artificial Intelligence Shell 人工智能外壳程序 Expert Systems 专家系统 Artificial Intelligence 人工智能 Perceptive Systems 感知系统 neural network 神经网络 fuzzy logic 模糊逻辑 intelligent agent 智能代理 electromagnetic adj 电磁的 coaxial adj 同轴的,共轴的 microwave n 微波 charge v充电,使充电 insulator n 绝缘体,绝缘物 nonconductive adj非导体的,绝缘的 antenna n天线;触角 modeling n建模,造型 simulation n 仿真;模拟 prototype n 原型 array n 排队,编队 vector n 向量,矢量 wavelet n 微波,小浪 sine 正弦cosine 余弦 inverse adj倒转的,反转的n反面;相反v 倒转 high-performance 高精确性,高性能 two-dimensional 二维的;缺乏深度的 three-dimensional 三维的;立体的;真实的 object-oriented programming面向对象的程序 设计 spectral adj 光谱的 attenuation n衰减;变薄;稀释 distortion n 失真,扭曲,变形 wavelength n 波长 refractive adj 折射的 ATM 异步传输模式Asynchronous Transfer Mode ADSL非对称用户数字线Asymmetric digital subscriber line VDSL甚高速数字用户线very high data rate digital subscriber line HDSL高速数据用户线high rate digital subscriber line FDMA频分多址(Frequency Division Multiple Access) TDMA时分多址(Time Division Multiple Access) CDMA同步码分多址方式(Code Division Multiple Access) WCDMA宽带码分多址移动通信系统(Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) TD-SCDMA(Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access)时分同步码分多址 SDLC(synchronous data link control)同步数据 链路控制 HDLC(high-level data link control)高级数据链路 控制 IP/TCP(internet protocol /transfer Control Protocol)网络传输控制协议 ITU (International Telecommunication Union) 国际电信联盟 ISO国际标准化组织(International Standardization Organization); OSI开放式系统互联参考模型(Open System Interconnect) GSM全球移动通信系统(Global System for Mobile Communications) GPRS通用分组无线业务(General Packet Radio Service) FDD(frequency division duplex)频分双工 TDD(time division duplex)时分双工 VPI虚路径标识符(Virtual Path Identifier); ISDN(Integrated Services Digital Network)综 合业务数字网 IDN综合数字网(integrated digital network) HDTV (high definition television)高清晰度电视 DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform)离散余弦变换 VCI(virtual circuit address)虚通路标识 MAN城域网Metropolitan area networks LAN局域网local area network WAN广域网wide area network 同步时分复用STDM Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing 统计时分复用STDM Statistical Time Division Multiplexing 单工传输simplex transmission 半双工传输half-duplex transmission 全双工传输full-duplex transmission 交换矩阵Switching Matrix 电路交换circuit switching 分组交换packet switching 报文交换message switching 奇偶校验parity checking 循环冗余校验CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check 虚过滤Virtual filter 数字滤波digital filtering 伪随机比特Quasi Random Bit 带宽分配Bandwidth allocation 信源information source 信宿destination 数字化digitalize 数字传输技术Digital transmission technology 灰度图像Grey scale images 灰度级Grey scale level 幅度谱Magnitude spectrum 相位谱Phase spectrum 频谱frequency spectrum 智能设备Smart Device 软切换Soft handover 硬切换Hard Handover 相干检测Coherent detection 边缘检测Edge detection 冲突检测collision detection 业务集合service integration 业务分离/综合service separation/ integration 网络集合network integration 环形网Ring networks 令牌环网Token Ring network 网络终端Network Terminal 用户终端user terminal 用户电路line circuit 电路利用率channel utilization(通道利用率) 相关性coherence 相干解调coherent demodulation 数字图像压缩digital image compression 图像编码image encoding 有损/无损压缩lossy/lossless compression 解压decompression 呼叫控制Call Control 误差控制error control 存储程序控制stored program control 存储转发方式store-and-forward manner 语音\视频传输voice\video transmission 视频点播video-on-demand(VOD) 会议电视Video Conference 有线电视cable television 量化quantization 吞吐量throughput 话务量traffic 多径分集Multipath diversity 多媒体通信MDM Multimedia Communication 多址干扰Multiple Access Interference 人机交互man machine interface 交互式会话Conversational interaction

船舶专业英语(课文+翻译)

Chapter 1 Ship Design(船舶设计) Lesson 2 Ships Categorized(船舶分类) 2.1 Introduction(介绍) The forms a ship can take are innumerable. 一艘船能采用的外形是不可胜数的 A vessel might appear to be a sleek seagoing hotel carrying passengers along to some exotic destination; a floating fortress bristling with missile launchers; 。or an elongated box transporting tanks of crude oil and topped with complex pipe connections. 一艘船可以看做是将乘客一直运送到外国目的地的优美的远航宾馆。竖立有导弹发射架的水面堡垒及甲板上铺盖有复杂管系的加长罐装原油运输轮 None of these descriptions of external appearance, however, does justice to the ship system as a whole and integrated unit所有这些外部特点的描述都不能说明船舶系统是一个总的集合体 self-sufficient,seaworthy, and adequately stable in its function as a secure habitat for crew and cargo. ——船员和货物的安全性功能:自给自足,适航,足够稳定。 This is the concept that the naval architect keeps in mind when designing the ship and that provides the basis for subsequent discussions, not only in this chapter but throughout the entire book.这是一个造船工程师设计船舶使必须记住的、能为以后讨论提供根据的观念,不仅涉及本章也贯穿全书。 In order to discuss naval architecture,it is helpful to place ships in certain categories. For purposes of this text, ships are classified according to their means of physical support and their designed purposes.将船舶分成一些特定的种类来讨论造船工程是有好处的。本文的目的就是根据船舶物理支撑方式和设计目的来将它们分类。

电子信息工程专业英语单词(A)

电子信息工程专业英语(A) 1.resistor n.电阻 2. diode n.二极管 3. ohm n.欧姆 4.tolerance ['t?l?r?ns] n.容限,公差,允许误差。5 decimal ['desim?l]十进位的,小数的 6 ratings 额定值7capacitor [k?'p?sit?] 电容器8 parallel 并行的 9 capacitance 电容量10 coefficients 系数11conduct 导体 12 charge n 电荷、v充电13 soldering 焊接、锡焊、低温焊接 14. first order system 一阶系统15. transient response 暂态响应 16. circuit 电路17. inductor 电感器18. inductance 电感,感应系数19.tune v.调谐20 vacuum ['v?kju?m真空,空间,真空吸尘器21.induce 感应22. magnetic field 磁场23.semiconductor 半导体24 silicon 硅25. relay 继电器26.electorn 电子27.infrared [,infr?'red 红外线的28. zener diode 稳压二极管,齐纳二极管29.rectifier diode 整流二极管30.alternating current 交流电流31.direct current 直流电流32.integrated circuit 集成电路33.voltage regulator 稳压器,电压调节器34.valence band 价(电子)带35 transistor 晶体管

电子信息类专业英语翻译

1.This electron beam sweeps across each line at a uniform rate,then flies back to scan another line directly below the previous one and so on,until the horizontal lines into which it is desired to break or split the picture have been scanned in the desired sequence. 电子束以均匀的速率扫描每一行,然后飞速返回去扫描下一行,直到把被扫描的图像按所希望的顺序分割成行。 2.The technical possibilities could well exist,therefore,of nation-wide integrated transmission network of high capacity,controlled by computers,interconnected globally by satellite and submarine cable,providing speedy and reliable communications throughout the word 因此,在技术上完全可能实现全国性的集成发送网络。这种网络容量大,由计算机控制,并能通过卫星和海底电缆实现全球互联,提供世界范围的高速、可靠的通信。 3.Transit time is the primary factor which limits the ability of a transistor to operate at high frequency. 渡越时间是限制晶体管高频工作能力的主要因素 4.The intensity of sound is inversely proportional to the square of the distance measured from the source of the sound. 声强与到声源的距离的平方成反比。 5.The attenuation of the filter is nearly constant to within 0.5 dB over the entire frequency band. 该滤波器的衰减近于恒定, 整个频带内的变化在0.5 dB以内。 6.At present, the state of most semiconductor device technology is such that the device design and process technology must be supplemented by screening and inspection procedures, if ultimate device reliability is to be obtained and controlled. 目前, 大多数半导体器件的技术尚未十分完善, 以至若要获得并控制器件最终的可靠性, 就必须辅以筛选和检验, 以弥补设计和工艺技术之不足 7.Bandwidth of transistor amplifiers vary from about 250 MHz in the L band to 1000 MHz in the X band. 晶体管放大器的带宽在L波段约为250 MHz, 在X波段为1000 MHz。 8.The output of the differential amplifier is fed to the circuit’s output stage via an offset-compensation network, which causes the op-amp’s output to center at zero volts. The output stage takes the form of a complementary emitter follower, and provides a low-impedance output. 差动放大级的输出通过一个失调补偿网络与输出级相连, 目的是使运放的输出以0 V为中心。输出级采用互补的射极跟随器的形式以使输出阻抗很低 9.Because of the very high open-loop voltage gain of the op-amp, the output is driven into positive saturation (close to +V) when the sample voltage goes slightly above the reference voltage, and driven into negative saturation (close to-V) when the sample voltage goes slightly below the reference voltage. 由于运放的开环电压增益很高, 当取样电压略高于参考电压时, 输出趋向于正向饱和状态(接近+V)。当取样电压低于参考电压时, 输出趋向于负向饱和状态(接近-V)。 10.If the signal source were direct connected instead of capacitor coupled, there would be a low resistance path from the base to the negative supply line, and this would affect the circuit bias conditions. 如果信号源和电路不是用电容耦合而是直接相连,从基极到负电源线就会一个低阻通路,并且这将影响到电路偏置状态 11.The differential amplifier has a high-impedance (constant-current)“tail”to give it a high input impedance and a high degree of common-mode signal rejection. It also has a high-impedance collector (or drain) load, to give it a large amount of signal-voltage gain (typically about 100 dB). 差动放大极有一个高阻抗的“尾巴”(恒流源)以提供高输入阻抗和对共模信号的深度抑制,同时,它还具有一个高阻抗和集电极或漏极负载以提供高的信号电压增益(典型的数据是100dB). 12.On the other hand, a DC negative-logic system, as in Figure 3.6(b), is one which designates the more negative voltage state of the bit as the 1 level and the more positive as the 0 level. 另一方面, 如图3.6(b)所示, 把比特的较低的电压状态记为1电平, 较高的电压状态记为0电平, 这样的系统称为直流负逻辑系统。 13.For example, to represent the 10 numerals (0, 1, 2, …, 9) and the 26 letters of the English alphabet would require 36 different combinations of 1’s and 0’s. Since 25<36<26, then a minimum of 6 bits per bite are required in order to accommodate all the alphanumeric characters. 例如,要表示0~9十个数字和英文字母表中的26个字母,就需要0和1的36种不同的组合。因为25<36>26,

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