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张艳听力结构

张艳听力结构
张艳听力结构

新托福结构听力法

所谓的结构听力法,顾名思义就是学会如何抓主要结构。首先,我们可以分析一下托福听力的考察方面。根据官方指南所给出的托福听力对技能的考察,我们可以看出,托福听力主要考察三个方面:

1. basic understanding (基本理解)50%

2. pragmatic understanding (实际理解)25%

3. connecting information (连接信息)25 `%

而这三个方面如果再详细的分析的话,可以看出具体是考察6种技能:

1. identifying the topic and main idea (主题)

2. listen for details (主要细节)

3. determining attitude and purpose (态度,目的,重放题较多)

4. making inferences and predictions (推断题)

5. categorization information (分类)

6. summering a process (过程)

从上面的考察点我们可以看出,托福听力考察大结构,不考小细节,另外根据美国的思维方式,我们还要熟知,答托福题,一定要直线思维,不能用推理思维。

一、用结构听力法记笔记

任何一篇文章的时候,我们要注意如下的10点主要结构,每个结构都对应上述的考察点:1主题2定义3因果4过程5例子6转折7强调8列举9比较10总结

因此我们要根据这10点去记笔记,具体怎么记呢?下面我们按讲座和对话分别讲解。

4.2 讲座的结构

1.主题:

什么是主题?主题要记下来吗?怎样记主题?

首先,老师在讲座开头可能会这样直接告诉你,“今天我要讲。。。Today, I will be talking about…”这样的开头是友好的,你很容易就找到主题。但是有些教授就会东扯西扯的。例如:上次我们讲了。。。今天我们讲。。。;

Last time, we talked about…, today, we will be discussing…

我们一直在讲。。。今天我们来讲。。。

We’ve been talking about…Today, let’s discuss…

接着上次的。。。今天我们讲。。。

Continuing…Today, we will…

大家千万不要记他上次说的,要记后面的,后面的才是主题。

或者听完全文,感受一下,他说的最多的是什么,这才是主题。只在开头,中间,或者只在结尾讲一次的,都不是主题,切记!

笔记可以不写,注意听!

2.定义:

下定义的时候,有时候老师会有提示,例如:what I mean by…is….我说。。。的意思是。。。或者自己问问题:what is…?

或者电脑屏幕上出现生词,肯定会有解释,也肯定会考。一定要注意听。把要解释的名词写下来,解释的意思听懂即可,不用写。

常见信号词:

“What I mean is…”、

“All that means is…”

“…, which is / that is…(那就是说……)”

“…is…In other words…”

“…is referred to as…”

“…is named/known/called…”

3.举例:

举例子,是最应该记下来的,但是切记,不要记太多例子细节,一定要听懂例子要说明的道理。通常在讲例子之前,老师会说一个道理,然后举例子,你听到举例子的提示词时,一定要马上想刚才说了什么,例子用符号e表示,只要写出例子的概述就可以,例如是苹果的例子还是橘子的例子。如果在举例的过程中出现我们要求的其他的记笔记的信号,例如,对比,强调等也需要记,如果没有,就听懂即可。例子是最容易拿分的,但是也是在最开始的练习过程中,最难把握的,希望的大家要重点练习。

此外,如果例子之前的一句话,没能够跟上,错过了,在讲完例子之后,友善的教授还会总结一句话,听懂这句也可以。

下面是举例子的信号词,注意有时候没有信号词,直接给例子,一听变具体了就要反映过来是例子:

“for instance”、“such as…”“namely…”、

“as an example”、“take example for ”

“say” “consider” “take”

4.强调

这个要点要用叹号“!”来记,这是经我研究,最快的符号了,比你划五角星啊,什么的都要快。做题的时候,就找笔记中的叹号,保证能找到答案!

实践证明,讲座或对话里出的细节题,就是大家摸不着头脑的细节题,一般都是用这些强调的信号词引出的。最开始练习的时候,大家都会有点反应不过来,但是专项训练后,都会有提高,这需要大家的坚持!以下是强调的信号:

4.1 重复,停顿,吐字清楚,大声

4.2 “Especially” “indeed”、“certainly”

Interesting, important, fascinating, exciting

“Just remember一定要记住”,

“And again.再说一遍”,

“special feature特殊的特征”,

“Most importantly最为重要的是”,

“One thing I should mention我应该提及的是…”,

“Make / Be sure to…一定要……”

4.3 级别-er”、“-est” 、“more”、“most”、“mostly”、“first”、“last”、“majority(多数派)”、“minority(少数派)”、“above all(首要的是)”等等

4.4. 一问一答(放在这里,怕有人看不到,但是一定要小心,只要问问题,要听清楚答案,必考哦!问题可以不写,只写特殊疑问词和问号,答案一定要写清楚!!)

4.5.否定信息,为啥要考否定信息呐,因为咱外国人听不出来啊。所以要学会如何听否定,在听力基本功里,大家仔细学习!

4.6 特征:feature, character, characteristic, trait

4.7目的:purpose, aim, want to, goal, objective

4.8研究,理论,调查,定律等:research, theory, survey, law, etc.

5.对比:

老师可能会这么说:

l 我们不能把A和B混淆we should not confuse A and B;

l A和B是不同的A is different from B;

l 首先,我们先区分一下A和B First, let’s make a clear distinction between A and B,一定要迅速横着排开,一定会有细节,一定会有出题点!

类似的提示词有:

compare to…(与……相比), contrast, “unlike(不象)”、“similar to(与……类似)”、“in contrast to(与……对照)”、“differently”、differ, “alike(象)”、“resemble(类似)” “on the other hand” “instead” “likewise” “in the same way”等等。

6.列举:

什么是列举啊,就是老师说的分类。

讲座开始可能教授会说,海豚有很多的发声的方式。我们已经把他们的发声方式分成三种:There are many types of vocalizations…We’ve characterized their vocalizations into three types: whistles, cliques and burst pulses.)

这时候你就得紧张了,赶紧把这三种声音横着排开,一定会考细节的。而且还是那种表格题!为什么一定要横着呢?因为竖着排,你有更多细节的时候写不开啊!

另外还有一种情况,老师不说具体的数,说很多。例如,我们有很多收集数据的方法,描述数据,实验,观察(We gather data in a variety of ways: descriptive, experimental and observational. )

7.因果:

这个比较好理解,凡是出现原因结果的词,用R来表示就可以,一定要写下来。你会发现有些细节题,其实就是考原因,你找不到答案的时候,就从自己的写好r的标记的笔记里找就可以了。

原因:1)because … 2)because of … 3)due to … 4)since … 5)as … 6)for … 7)The reason is … 8)That’s why … 9)By reason of … 10)Owing to …

结果:1)so … 2)so that … 3)therefore … 4)thereby … 5)hereby … 6)thus … 7)As a result 8)consequently … 9)hence … 10)accordingly …

8.转折

这个不用说了,从小老师就教我们,遇到but不能放,托福听力,一样一样滴!

给大家提供一些,除了but之外的信号词,相当管用,要训练自己的耳朵哦!可以用符号半圆,或者干脆也叹号!

but,however,nevertheless,while,yet,unless,except for,actually,in fact,to tell you the truth,practically,virtually,as a matter of fact

9.过程:

这个比较难记下来,是考试的难点,不过还好,ETS不是特别狠得时候都不出这个。记住,一般历史题,地质题,气象学,喜欢出这种情况。有时候不给你提示,全文说完了,让你自己排序,那你按照你自己的笔记顺序排就行了(没记笔记不要找我哭啊)

规律性的是如果老师说到这样一些词,可能会有排序:development, formation, process, procedure, method, approach, evolution

听顺序first, second, third, then

10. 结论

结论比较好理解,就是出现在文章结尾的信息点。有时候会用信号词引出。有时候就直接总结了,因此,要求大家在讲座快结尾的时候,一定要竖起耳朵来听。怎么判断讲座快结束了?看进程条!因为即使你中间一点都没听懂,只要听懂最后一个信息点,也能帮你至少答对一个题目。

conclusion”、“summarize”、“make a summary(总结)”、“in brief(概括说)”、“in short (简而言之)”、“in a word(简而言之)”、“in a conclusion”、“finally”、“all in all”、“to sum up”

新托福+toefl满分听力法:了解美式思维

一、托福考试的重要特点 新托福有三项涉及到听力,很多老师都高呼,得听力者得天下,这种观点是对的。 但是很多常见的备考方法并不实用,比如很多同学和老师都喜欢场景和题型的讲解,但实际上这种方法并不实用。我们知道,托福的阅读分细节题,主旨题,句子插入题等等的题型,但是对于一般的考生而言,除了特征非常明显的句子插入和主旨题,在20分钟的时间内还能回忆到这到底是哪一种题型以及到底对应的哪种技巧是很难的。 因此,所有的题型分析在实战显得很无力,这就是ETS得高明之处,托福的目的,就是让考生在极端有限的时间内,作出最准确的判断。从这个角度我们把握出题人的思维就了解了托福考试的考察目标从而找出好的办法。 二、了解美式逻辑 美国人的考试有很强的思维模式。众所周知,美国人是典型的线性思维,而他们这种思维方式也非常明显的体现在托福考试中。 我们都应该记得,在托福作文中总是有要求说use specific details and examples to support your answer,既然美国人这样要求你,那么他势必也是这么做的。我们知道,最好的托福作文的模式应该是5段式,也就是 总论点topic 分论1+EG 分论2+EG 分论3+EG 总结段conclusion 那么美国人既然喜欢这样的模式,所以他们不管是说话还是写书,都很喜欢以一种总分,或者是总分总的条理性进行着,对于一般的美国人而言,他们总是遵循着如下思维: 提出问题---------------------------------------总 举例及类比分析问题--------------------------分 得出解决方案解决问题-----------------------分

老托精选93篇 听力原文.pdf

老托Part C精选93篇 1 Community service is an important component of education here at our university. We encourage all students to volunteer for at least one community activity before they graduate. A new community program called "One On One" helps elementary students who've fallen behind. You education majors might be especially interested in it because it offers the opportunity to do some teaching—that is, tutoring in math and English. You'd have to volunteer two hours a week for one semester. You can choose to help a child with math, English, or both. Half-hour lessons are fine, so you could do a half hour of each subject two days a week. Professor Dodge will act as a mentor to the tutors—he'll be available to help you with lesson plans or to offer suggestions for activities. He has office hours every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon. You can sign up for the program with him and begin the tutoring next week. I'm sure you'll enjoy this community service and you'll gain valuable experience at the same time. It looks good on your resume, too, showing that you've had experience with children and that you care about your community. If you'd like to sign up, or if you have any questions, stop by Professor Dodge's office this week. 【生词摘录】 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1f15298316.html,ponent: n.[C]one of several parts that together make up a whole machine or system (机器或系统的)零件;成分;组成部分 2.tutor: n.[C]someone who teaches one pupil or a small group, and is directly paid by them 家庭教师,私人教师 v. to teach someone as a tutor 给… 当家庭教师;指导 3.mentor: n.[C]an experienced person who advises and helps a less experienced person 顾问,指导人,教练

张艳结构听力法

新托福结构听力法 所谓的结构听力法,顾名思义就是学会如何抓主要结构。首先,我们可以分析一下托福听力的考察方面。根据官方指南所给出的托福听力对技能的考察,我们可以看出,托福听力主要考察三个方面: 1.(基本理解)50% 2.(实际理解)25% 3.(连接信息)25 `% 而这三个方面如果再详细的分析的话,可以看出具体是考察6种技能: 1.(主题) 2. (主要细节) 3.(态度,目的,重放题较多) 4.(推断题) 5.(分类) 6.(过程) 从上面的考察点我们可以看出,托福听力考察大结构,不考小细节,另外根据美国的思维方式,我们还要熟知,答托福题,一定要直线思维,不能用推理思维。 一、用结构听力法记笔记 任何一篇文章的时候,我们要注意如下的10点主要结构,每个结构都对应上述的考察点: 1主题 2定义 3因果 4过程 5例子 6转折 7强调 8列举 9比较 10总结 主题、下定义 强调(细节) :否定信息、强调词、比较级、语气改变、一问一答、特征、目的、调查研究转折、对比、过程、原因、例子题、多个列举 总结题 因此我们要根据这10点去记笔记,具体怎么记呢?下面我们按讲座和对话分别讲解。 4.2 讲座的结构 1.主题: 什么是主题?主题要记下来吗?怎样记主题?

首先,老师在讲座开头可能会这样直接告诉你, “今天我要讲。。。Today, I will be talking about…”这样的开头是友好的,你很容易就找到主题。但是有些教授就会东扯西扯的。例如: 上次我们讲了。。。今天我们讲。。。; Last time, we talked about…, today, we will be discussing… 我们一直在讲。。。今天我们来讲。。。 We’ve been talking about…Today, let’s discuss… 接着上次的。。。今天我们讲。。。 Continuing…Today, we will… 大家千万不要记他上次说的,要记后面的,后面的才是主题。 或者听完全文,感受一下,他说的最多的是什么,这才是主题。只在开头,中间,或者只在结尾讲一次的,都不是主题,切记! 笔记可以不写,注意听! 2.定义: 下定义的时候,有时候老师会有提示, 例如:what I mean by…is….我说。。。的意思是。。。 或者自己问问题:what is…? 或者电脑屏幕上出现生词,肯定会有解释,也肯定会考。 一定要注意听。把要解释的名词写下来,解释的意思听懂即可,不用写。 常见信号词: “What I mean is…” “All that means is…” “…, which is / that is…(那就是说……)” “…is…In other words…” “…is referred to as…” “…is named/known/called…” 3.举例: 举例子,是最应该记下来的,但是切记,不要记太多例子细节,一定要听懂例子要说明的道理。 通常在讲例子之前,老师会说一个道理,然后举例子,你听到举例子的提示词时,一定要马上想刚才说了什么,例子用符号e表示,只要写出例子的概述就可以,例如是苹果的例子还是橘子的例子。如果在举例的过程中出现我们要求的其他的记笔记的信号,例如,对比,强调等也需要记,如果没有,就听懂即可。例子是最容易拿分的,但是也是在最开始的练习过程中,最难把握的,希望的大家要重点练习。

托福听力笔记技巧

托福听力笔记技巧 托福听力考试中尤其是Lecture部分是需要大家快速记录信息的,因为Lecture部分听力一般长达5-6分钟,单凭临时记忆很难记录下来所有的重点内容,下面就和大家分享托福听力笔记技巧如何快速记下有用信息,希望能够帮助到大家,来欣赏一下吧。 托福听力笔记技巧如何快速记下有用信息 一.为什么托福听力需要记笔记 1. 听力材料长度增加,每类*的长度都在600字以上 2. 总题目数量减少,老托福听力题目为50道,新托福为34道 3. 听力题型简化为两大类:长对话(2个),课堂讲座(4个) 4. 出现三种新的考试题目类型:表格题、重复题、多选题 5. 听完之后才可以看题目 6. 考生可以做笔记 通过对新托福听力特点的分析,我们不难看出记笔记是听力高分突破的关键。

二.如何快速记下关键信息 1.抓核心 IBT听力正式开始之前会有一个简短的内容介绍,之后屏幕上会出现一些和听力内容相关的,这些可以帮助我们确定下面所要听部分的核心话题。例如,listen to a conversation between a professor and student in a professor and student. 从这个介绍我们可以知道下面对话内容的场景:biology class,结下来会出现一个图片,里面文字为:Friends of the Earth, Biology class。后面还会出现一个对话内容的图片。通过这些文字和图片,我们可以推断这个对话的主题为与人类地球有关的一个结构,这样机构主要会负责环保事宜。确定主题可以让考生悬着的新慢慢落地。后面的长对话给出的文字和图片提示与对话类似。 2.核心相关细节 确定核心话题之后,我们需要做的就是记录与其相关的细节,主要的细节为what , when, where , who , why和how等。注意记录对话和演讲中信息引导词和信息引导句后面的信息,例如,First ……, lets look at the ……, Now, Lets move on to ……, in the nest part of lecture ,I d like to talk about …… 3.笔记记录方法

老托福听力93篇(87-88)-These days we take

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老托福听力93篇(79-80)-Now we're entering 老托福听力对新托福听力的备考依然有重要的作用,老托福听力的语速比较快,有助于提高同学们的辨音能力,小编为各位考生整理老托福听力93篇精选,各位同学仔细看看吧。 79 Now we're entering Kangaroo Country. In all, there are more than fifty different species of kangaroo, and the advantage of zoos like ours is that you see them in their natural habitat. The ones we have all live in the grasslands. On my right, you can see one of the biggest types: the red kangaroo. It travels about 20 miles per hour. It looks like hard work, but hopping actually lets the kangaroo conserve more energy than another animal could when running on four legs. In fact, up to a certain point, the faster a kangaroo goes the more energy it conserves. Rather than taking more hops to increase speed, the kangaroo makes the length of each jump longer. Let's stop here for a minute. Take a look over on your right at this group of kangaroos resting. Can you see that their ears are moving? Hearing may well be the kangaroo's most important sense. Their two large ears can move independently, so sometimes one ear is pointing forward and the other toward the rear. Kangaroos' eyesight is also excellent. They have a wide field of vision and, like most grazing animals, they are especially good at detecting movement. Before we move on, I'd like to point out one more thing: If you look closely, you can see a joey that's a baby kangaroo peering out of its mother's pouch. Before long that joey will be out of the pouch for good. The mother will push it out by the time it's eight months old. 【生词摘录】 1. grassland: n. [C]牧草地,草原 2. hopping: n. [U]跳跃 3. conserve: v. 保存 4. independently: adv. 独立地 5. rear: n. [C]后面,后边,后部 6. grazing: 食草,牧草 7. joey: n. [C]幼兽,幼袋鼠 8. pouch: n. [C]小袋 9. for good: 永久地 80 Before we adjourn, I'd like to remind everybody about the upcoming fundraising event—the ten kilometer run. The run is being organized to help raise money for the renovation of the old gym. Our gym is in desperate need of repair, and the university must rely entirely on private donations to pay for its renovation. This event will be the students' contribution to the effort. The procedure for participating is quite simple. No entrance fees, no advance registration, and you don't have to be the best athlete on campus. You only need to find sponsors willing to contribute one or more dollars for every kilometer of the race that you complete. So, for example, if you run all ten kilometers, you'll collect ten dollars from someone who has pledged to give you one dollar per kilometer. After the run, a race official will record the number of kilometers you've completed. You can then show the record to your sponsors when you collect the money. You might encourage your friends to run in the race by telling them that there will be awards for everyone who gets five sponsors or more. But above all, it'll just be a lot of fun. So, please spread the word and get everyone involved either as runners or sponsors.

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