新标准大学英语综合教程4课后答案
综合教程4课后答案
Handouts and Key to book4 unit 1-4
Unit 1
Active reading (1)
Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofa Background information
About the passage: This is an article by an Education Correspondent, Alexandra Blair, published in September 2008 in The Times, a long-established British quality newspaper. In Europe generally, and in
Britain in particular, for a number of years there has been a r i s i ng nu mber of stude nts who go to uni vers ity and therefore more new graduates seeking employment. However,
for many graduates finding a job became harder in 2008 - 2009 because the economic downturn - then a rcccssion - meant that many employers werereducing their workforce.
After their final exams, some students rested in the summer before looking for jobs
and then they found that it was difficult to find employment in their field or at the level they wanted.
The
article addresses the problems of such new graduates who might be stuck at home and advises their parents to be there for their children (ie to be available if their children want to talk about the problem or if they need help). The article recommends finding work in a bar or supermarket rather than sitting unemployed at home since this is more
1ikely to lead to better employment later. The style is partly of a report, but also
of a humorous comment for light entertainment (scon in the jokey lemguage and problem-solving advice to parents).
Why finding a job in 2008 is so difficuIt for university graduates?
Universities in Europe, particularly in Britain, have expanded greatly in the last fifteen years (over 45% of young adults now go on to higher education), so there are more graduates looking for jobs. This competitive situation became a lot worse in 2008 onwards with the
credit crunch and economic depression, which meant that
there were fewer jobs available and a rise in unemployment. Thus new graduates have to be active to seek a job, they need to f 订1 in many application forms and try to get job interviews: they won' t find employment by lying on the sofa at home.
Culture points
:Traditionally, in the British
a pass degree. Most people get a second. There are also ordinary degrees with more general courses of study without these categories.
it: The main idea here is that there
is a succession of different generations or
cohorts of adults who come into the workforce in North
America which are given different informal names university system, BA and
awarded
in different categories: a
using Roman numbers as I), subcategories, written as cal 1ed "a two one v and (written III) and
BSc honours degrees are first class degree (written a second (divided into two
Ilii and Ilii, which are u a
two two" ), a third
to characterize them. First, u Baby boomers" were born in the grea t in crease (the boom) of births after World
War TT (1946 - I960), fol lowed by ^Generation X” people (born 1960 - 1980) who were said to bring new attitudes of being independent, informal, entrepreneurial, and expected to get skills and have a career before them. "GenerationY” or the u Mi11enial Generation v (born 1980s and 1990s and becoming adult in the new millenium) are now making up an increasing percentage of the workforce; they are said to be spoilt by doting
parents, to have structured lives, to be used to into) Generation Grunt, which is an ironic name referring to repetitive, low status, routine or mindless work - this may be the only work available to some graduates, who may have to take very ordinary jobs to
teamwork and diverse people in a multicultural society.
Tn
the passage, this generation is now becoming (morphing
get experience before they find something more
suitable. “Grunt” also refers to coarse behaviour or bad manners and to the deep sound that is made by a pig; when people U grunt” they express disgust but do not communicate with words - this may be how the parents of new graduates think their children communicate with them!
A comprehensive refers to a British type of secondary school which became popular in thel960s. Before that there were academic ^grammar schools" and more general "secondary modern” schools for those who d id not pass the grammar school entrance tests, but the comprehensive schools were
designed for all students in
a social philosophy of bringing diverse students together whether they were academic or not? Those students
who went to a comprehensive school probably felt that had to study particularly hard (I worked my backside off) to get to uni vers ity, compared to those who went to grammar schools where al 1 students were academic -comprehensive students felt they had to struggle to get to university.
suit This refers to a large yellow costume that someone wears which makes the person look like a giant chicken. Before he became a famous actor, Brad Pitt once dressed in such a costume when he had a job advertising for a restaurant
called El Polio Loco (The Crazy Chicken" in Spanish) - the job meant that he had
to walk around the streets like a chicken to Qttract customers to come to the restauranl.
Language points
1Those memories of forking out thousands of pounds a year so that he could eat well and go to the
odd party，began to fade. Until now> (Para 1)
The parents paid a lot of money for their son' s
uni versi ty fees and 1 i ving expenses (so that he could eat
well) and for occasional social events - at graduation these memories of money were mostly forgotten because the parents were proud. But now the parents arc thinking of money again because the son doest have a job and doesn" t seem to be actively seeking one.
2This former scion of Generation Y has morphed overnight into a member of Generation Grunt
(Para 2)
The distinguished son of Generation X (of the parents' generati on who worked hard, got jobs, and had good careers and expected their son to do the same) has changed into a member of Generation Grunt - he doesn" t seem to communicate much, lies around and docsn" t get a job (or can only do a low status routing job).
3I passed the exams, but at the interviews they accused me of being 'too detached5 and talking in
language that was 6too technocratic^, which I didn't think possible, but obviously it is. (Para 5)
He passed the entranee exams for a government post, but he
was cri ticized in the selection interviews:
They said he was detached (not personally involved) and too technocratic (he used the language of a technical expert or high authority). As a new graduate he probably wanted to show his expertisc in his 1anguage so he can" t understand this cri tic ism.
4For the rest it is 9-to-5 “chilling” before heading to the pub. (Para 6)
The others who do not have a routine low status job (like stacking goods on a supermarket shelf) chill out all day (they spend their time casually relaxing - they don" t look for work) and go to pub for a drink in the eve ni ng.
5I went to a comprehensive and I worked my backside off to go to a good university …(Para 6)
He went to a school for students of all abilitics (not to a special school for academic students) and so he had to work very hard to enter a good university: Your backside means your bottom - the part of your body that you sit on — to
\wkyour backside of ls informal and it means you work very hard indeed.
6…but having worked full-time since leaving school herself，沖旳呼nd f https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1f1921828.html, advise him on how to proceed. (Para 7)
The mother has always had a full-time job (presumably the
father is also working full-time), so she does not have
relevant personal experiencc. For her, it is tricky to give
advice (difficult to do).
7Carry on life as normal and don，t allow them to abuse your bank account or sap your reserve of
emotional energy. (Para 11)
The advice from Gael Lindenfield here is that parents should
live as usual. They should neither let theirchildren spend
the parents，money imnecessarily, nor let the problem take
away all their energy and emotions. Sap their reserve means
use up their store of emotional energy.
8After that the son or daughter needs to be nudged firmly back into the saddle. (Para 12)
Then the parenls should gently push their children firmly so
that they get back into control of their lives.
Reading and undcrstanding
2Choose the best answer to the questions.
Teaching tips X7 / | C IT-! C ITTl
Go over the correct answers with Ss and ask them to explain why the other answers are wrong (See below) ?
1Why hasn， t Jack Goodwin got a job yet?
(a)He doesn， t have a very good degree.
(No, he has a 2:1 which is considered a good degree.)
(b)He refuses to apply for jobs with low salaries^
(He feels he should get a better job after studying at university.)
(c)It isn' t easy to get a job in the current financial climate.
(This may be true but the passage does not mention this.) (d)He prefers to stay at home and help his family.
(No, he docst seem to be helping his family: he watches TV and talks to friends.)
2How does he spend a typical day?
(a)Doing a temporary job.
(No, some of his friends are working in temporary jobs but he docsn，t want to do this.)
(b)Watching television.
(He watches lot.)
(c)Queuing up in the university careers service.
(No, he went there once but he didn" t want to queue so he walked away.)
(d)Prcparing for the next job interview.
(No, he does n，t seem to be prepar ing for in terviews.)
3How do most of his friends spend the day?
(a)They do nothing all day and go to the pub in the evening. (All except one of them do nothing except chill, then they go to the pub.)
(b)They do outdoor activities such as sailing.
(No, none of them seem to do outdoor activities; there is no mention of sailing.)
(c)They are forced to work by their parents.
(No, only one of them has been forced out to stack shelves by his parents; the others seem to bo like Jack.)
(d)They do part-time jobs such as working in a bar. (No, the text mentions bar work but none of Jack" s friends seem to do this work.)
4How are Jack" s parents helping him?
(a)By looking for jobs for him.
(No, Jack has tried to get a job himse1『；there" s nothing
here about his parents helping him look for a job.)
(b)By paying for a trip to South America.
(No, although he is going on a three-weck trip to South America, the passage does not say that
Jack" s parents have paid for this.)
(c)By gradually making him more financially aware-
(The passage does not say so explicitly, but this is the implication about the cut-off point after the trip when he may be expected to pay rent and con tribute to the household bilIs.)
(d)By threatening to throw him out of the house.
(No, they haven" t threatened to do this, but they
definitely want him to work after he gets back from his trip.)
5What does Gael Lindenfield say about Jack" s parents? (a)They have not really tinderstood Jack，s problems. (No, she doesn" t say this; she says they must balance being positive with not making life too comfortable. This docsn" t mean they havet understood Jack" s problems.)
(b)They have made life too comfortable for Jack.
(No, she says they must balance comfort with being positive.
This doesn" t necessarily mean that they have already made life too comfortable for Jack.)
(c)The approach they have chosen is the right one.
(She says they have struck exactly the right note.)
(d)They need help from a psychologist.
(No, she doesn" t say this.)
6What do Whoopi Goldberg, Bruce Willis and Brad Pitt have in common?
(a)They all did bar work before going to university.
(No, we don，t know from the passage if any of them did this.)
(b)They took part in protests against nuclear power plants. (No, we don' t know is emy of them did this)
(c)They learnt to act by dressing up as giant chickens. (No, only Brad Pitt did this.)
(d)They all did temporary jobs at one stage in their lives. (This is right, although they all had completely different temporary jobs.)
Dealing with unfamiliar words
3Match the words in the box with thei r def initions.
1to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series
of actions or events (proceed)
2the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition)
3not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached)
4referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming)
5to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump)
6to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert) 7to say what happened (recount)
4Completc the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.
Tt isn，t easy to make the (1) transi t ion from a busy university student to an unemployed young adult
(2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how their career is going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experieneed a long period of inactivity 1 ike this, when (4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As the days pass, they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a
job, and tend to regard (6) upcoming interviews as i f they were nol very import a nt. Typically, back at home after three or four years away, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases, become dependent again on their parents.
5Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.
1I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London, (comprehensive)
2I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving 1 icenee. (cop)
3Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial)
4Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office, (clutched)
5You should speak to Toby; he' s an supporter of flexible working hours, (advocate)
6I hurt my leg badly a couple of months ago, and it still hasn" t got better completely. (healed)
6Answer the questions about the words.
1Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospccts，or (b) no future?
2Is a tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy to solve? 3If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a)
ti red, or (b) more active than usual?
4Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don" t want to, or (b) help you by listening
to what you have to say?
5If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or (b) stay at home and do nothing?
7Answer the questions about the phrases.
1Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an informal way of saying to pay for something?
2Tf you are in the same boat as an other perso n, are you (a) making the same journey together, or (b) in
the same difficult or unpleasant situation?
3If you feel you have come full circle, do you (a) feel you are back where you started, or (b) feel a sense of sati sfaction because you have completed something?
4If someone takes a soft line, do they deal with a person (a) in a kind and sympathetic way, or (b) in a lazy way without making a decision?
5If you strike the right note about somcthing, arc you expressing yourself (a) wel1, or (b) badly?
6If you do some thing by all means, do you (a) try your best to do it, or (b) not care about it?
7If you nudge someone hack into the saddle, are you encouraging them to (a) take responsibility again, or
(b) take it easy?
8Tf you talk through a problem wi th someone, do you (a) examine it carefully and sensitively, or (b) refer to it quickly and then change the subject?
Rcading and intcrprcting
8Answer the questions.
1^Will he ever get a job?” Who is asking this question? What mood does it express?
The parents are asking this because the paragraph is addressed to parents (earlier it says your graduatc
son” )? The mood seem s to express patienee or res i gnation because the wo rd "ever” suggests that getting
a jo
b will take a long time.
2Who describes Generation Y as “rebels without a cause” ? Is it a fair description?
This is the writer' s description to indicate that this generation is rebelling against parents or society, but they
have nothing particular to rebel against. This doesn" t seem very fair because the students are trying to find work - it is just that they don" t like their parents neigging them. So they are a bit rebellious against their parenls, but no more than that.
3Jack u walked into the university careers service and straight back out again v . What does this suggest about Jack" s character?
It suggcsts that Jack is not very detennincd. As soon as he saw the queue he left without waiting and without trying to ask about jobs or careers.
4Jack spent the summer “hiding” . Hiding from what?
Why are quotation marks used?
Probably this means he was hiding from the world of work, staying at home and not looking for a job.
The quotation marks tel 1 us that he wast 1 iteral 1 y hiding, he just spent a lot of time at home.
5How is Mrs Goodwin" s point of view affected by her own personal experience?
In one way her experience hasn‘ t affected her attitudc:
She left school and went immediately to a job (without going to university) and has been working full-time since then and
yet she is sympathetic and takes a soft line.
6How is Lindenfield' s point of view affected by her own personal experienee?
Her personal experience was that she worked in a bar before finding her first proper job as an aerial photographic assistant. So she says such work is a great networking opportunity. If new graduates are good at such work and bright, cheerful and polite, they wi11 soon be promoted. Her personal experience thus reflects - or perhaps has created - her point of view.
7What would the first two paragraphs have focused on if they had been presented from the point of view of the students rather than the parents?
The first two paragraphs would have focused on the need for the new graduates to rest for a bit after their hard studies. It is OK for students to relax with the TV or to socialize with friends for a while, then they can start a serious search for employmont after that.
Active reading (2)
If you ask me
Background information
This is an infomal and personalized account of an economics graduate who gets a job in a pub for a year and
then has an opportunity to be successful (a lucky break). She works in a London pub called “The Salisbury" or "The Marquis Salisbury" , named after someone who was the Bri
tish Prime Minister three times between 1885 and 1902 and whose family once owned the pub" s land. The 100 year old pub is in Leadenhall Street, just off the Charing Cross Road and Leicester Square. Daytime customors can get a pub lunch and evening customers include many office workers and
theatre goers (the pub is near many West End theatres). The interior of this pub is dazzling, with large mirrors, cut glass and a mahogany decor.
British pubs are often named after famous people (Robin Hood, The Du ke of Wellington) or royalty (The Queen f s Arms, the Prince of Wales) or historical symbol s {The Rose and Crown to represent King Edward
III, The Royal Oak to represent King Charles II who once hid in a large oak tree). Other names often include colours and animals {The Red Bull, The Black Horse, The Golden Lion, The Swan) or symbols of traditional trades (The Compasses for
carpenters, The Three Hammers for blacksmiths, The Three Tuns for winemakers).
As the pub is a social place to meet as well as a place to get a drink, people often play games like dominocs or darts or join a quiz or competition. A common expression is to "go dovvn the pub” or "go round to the
local” (both meaning to go to the local pub).
Culture points
pub in London: A pub is a place where people go for a drink and to meet friends and social ize. People can play games - such as darts, cards, dominoes - in a pub and pubs often have quiz nights, with prizes for the
winners, and live music (Sec also Background
i nTormat ion)
The Salisbury is a well-known pub in central London (See also Background information)
London School of Economics is a distinguished university in central London, famous for social sciences.
Language poinls
1If you ask me, real life is not all ifs cracked up to be. (Para 1)
In my opinion {If you ask me introduces an opinion), real