2015年职称英语综合类A级考试真题及答案

第1部分：词汇选项（第1?15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.

A. control

B. observe

C. regulate

D. accept

2.She showed a natural aptitude for the work.

A. sense

B. talent

C. flavor

D. taste

3. Most people find rejection hard to accept.

A. excuse

B. client

C. refusal

D. destiny

4. The organization was bold enough to face the press.

A. pleased

B. powerful

C. brave

D. sensible

5.They were locked in mortal combat.

A. deadly

B. open

C. actual

D. active

6. We were attracted by the lure of quick money.

A. amount

B. supply

C. tempt

D. sum

7. The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent.

A. clear

B. necessary

C. special

D. correct

8. The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling.

A. service

B. danger

C. disorder

D. threat

9. He believes that Europe must change or it will perish.

A. survive

B. last

C. die

D. move

10.There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building.

A. fair

B. full

C. coexisting

D. public

11. They promote assimilation of ethnic groups into the main-stream culture.

A. policy

B. value

C. equality

D. integration

12. A salesman?s cardinal rule is to satisfy customers.

A. principal

B. official

C. simple

D. legal

13. I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situation.

A. silence

B. praise

C. assure

D. complain

14. We lived for years in a perpetual state of fear.

A. emotional

B. nervous

C. terrible

D. continuous

15.The starving children were a pathetic sight.

A. common

B. unexpected

C. unforgettable

D. pitiful

第2部分：阅读判断（第16?22题，每题1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

Cities “Worse to Live in Than 20 Years Ago

One thousand people were surveyed about a range of issues which affect cities, and the remarkable findings show that life in today?s mega-cities is so stressful that at least two-thirds of those currently living in big cities would like to relocate to the countryside or a small town.

The stress of the getting from A to B in big cities is at the top of the list of problems. For many people, the daily commute (通勤）to work is a source of frustration. 40% of the people in the survey have suffered from road rage while stuck in traffic on the way to work. The cost of public

transport is also a serious problem. Many people think the price of underground and bus travel is too high and that they have to devote more than 10% of their salary to transport costs.

The general cost of living in cities is another problem. The high properly prices in most big cities put buying a property out of reach of most first-time buyers. Many young people are priced out of the housing market, and have to take in lodgers to make ends meet, or rent over-priced flats miles away from the city centre. In London, for instance, the price of buying even a one-bedroom flat is so prohibitive that many have given up even considering putting money aside for a deposit.

Another issue facing people who live in cities is rising crime. Crime rates have rocketed in many big cities, and many say there are several dangerous no-go areas in their city. Fear of crime is on the increase- —street crimes, such as mugging and assault, are now very common- and many are afraid of going out at night alone.

Many were also concerned by the lack of green spaces and play facilities for children. Most major conurbations (有卫星的大都市)surveyed have a far smaller number of parks and gardens than a generation ago. Planning permission seems to have been given for an ever-greater number of supermarkets, office developments and apartments on sites where there were previously green spaces. Many of the respondents in the survey said they felt stressed and suffocated (窒肩、）in the city, a problem which is compounded by pollution.

And finally，the majority of people in the survey were fed up with the constant noise pollution---the roar of traffic, the sound of loud music blaring (发朿!j耳声）out of a neighbor?s window, and the constant sound of activity. It is not surprising, then, that the levels of stress-related illnesses among people who live in cities are higher than ever before. Big cities，once a mecca (朝拜的地方)for ambitious people seeking fame and fortune, are now less and less popular among people of all ages. Perhaps the 21st century is set to be the century of the small town and the countryside.

16. Most people in the survey who live in big cities would like to move somewhere smaller.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

17. Many people in the survey think public transport is reasonably priced.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

18. It is difficult to buy a flat in London because of the cost.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

19. The crime rate has remained stable in recent years.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

20. There are fewer green areas in cities than there used to be.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

21.London has had some success in reducing pollution

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

22. Noise pollution is seen as a big problem by most people in the survey.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23?30题，每题1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1)第23 ——26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2)第27 —— 30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”

1 The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary- school teaching (pupil aged 11-16)，and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers. Since the 1980s，the number of graduates who say they would “seriously consider” teaching as a career has fallen sharply, from 64% in 198

2 to just 17% today. The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.

2 The main drawback of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary, Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs, and this means that fewer and fewer, young people decide to be teachers. Joanne Manners, 24，is a good example: “I graduated in maths last year，and I was thinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacherbut when I looked into details, it became clear that teaching isn?t a very lucrative (赚钱的）job these days. I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, and so I decided not to become a teacher?”

3 It?s not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason why people don?t want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past. Here?s the view of Dave Hallam，an accountant from London: “I think parents are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers.”

4 “I love teaching; it?s my passion. I?ve been a secondary-school teacher of Spanish for ten years now, and although it?s a very demanding job, it?s very satisfying. When I see my students passing their Spanish exams, or singing along to Spanish pop songs, it makes me feel so proud,” says Brian Jones, who works in a secondary school in London. So what does he think the government should do to encourage more people to become teachers? “My view is that the government should reduce the burden of work on teachers. I find that I always have too much work to do.”

5 The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers? pay significantly, to catch up with workers in other professions. It also suggests that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people. Another solution could be set a maximum number of hours per week that teachers can work, in order to reduce stress on teachers. “HopefUlly，” the report concludes, “these solutions can improve the poor image of secondary teaching, and increase the number of young people who want to become teachers in the fliture.”

22. Paragraph 1

23. Paragraph 2

24. Paragraph 3

25. Paragraph 4

A. A nationwide publicity campaign

B . Heavy workload on teachers

C. Students，bad behavior and lack of discipline D ? Improvement of children behavior

E. A report on teacher shortage

F. The problem of low salary

26. More and more young people are held back from teaching

28. Parents are encouraged to back the teacher up when there are

29. The government should reduce the workload on teachers to ease

30. The government should promote teaching as a career by advertising

A. because of it low pay

B .their stress

C. its benefits

D their childhood memories

E. discipline problems

F.more training

第4部分：阅读理解（第31?45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇What’s killing the Bats

First it was bees. Now it is bats. Biologists in America are working hard to discover the cause of the mysterious deaths of tens of thousands of bats in the northeastern part of the country. Most of the bats affected are the common little brown bats (Myotis lucifiigus，）but other species, such as the long-eared bat, the small-footed bat，the eastern pipistrelle, and the Indiana bat have also been affected. In some caves, more than 90 percent of the bat populations have died.

One possibility is disease. A white fungus (真菌）known as fusarium has been found on the noses of both living and dead bats. However, scientists don?t know if the fungus is the primary cause of death, a secondary cause of death，or not a cause at all, but the result of some other conditions.

Another possible cause is a lack of food. For example, bats typically eat a large number of moths (蛾)，and in some states such as New York, the number of moths has been declining in recent years. If bats can?t eat enough food, they starve to death.

Still other scientists believe that global wanning is to blame. Warmer temperatures in recent years have been walking up hibernating (冬目民）bats earlier than usual. If bats break their hibernation at the wrong time, they might not find their expected food sources. The weather might also turn cold again and weaken or kill the bats.

Scientists might not agree on the causes of the bat die-off，but they do agree on the consequences. Bats are an important predator of mosquitoes; a single brown bat can eat 1,000 or more insects in an hour. They also eat beetles and other insects that damage plant crops. If there aren?t enough bats, damage will be great from the insects they eat while bats live a long time for their size---the little brown bat can live for more than 30 years---a female bat has only one baby per year, so bat populations grow slowly. Many bat species in the United States are already protected or endangered.

How can you help? Do not disturb sleeping or nesting bats. If you discover bats that seem to be sick or that are dead, contact your lock Fish&Wildlife Department with the details. However, be careful not to touch the animals.

29. what is the main idea of this passage?

A. All species of bats in North America are dying.

B. Scientists already know the cause of the deaths of bats

C. The bat deaths are a serious problem

D. There are many possible causes of the deaths of bats.

30. What does the first sentence in Paragraph 1 mean?

A. Bees have been dying mysteriously

B. The first article on the website is about bees.

C. Bees usually die before bats

D. It was bees that caused the deaths of bats.

31. The word “pipistrelle” in Paragraph I refers to

A. a kind of ftmgus

B. an area in the U.S.

C. a special cave

D. a kind of bat

32. The “moths” in Paragraph 3 are taken as an example of

A. disease that kill bats

B. insects that bats eat

C. animals that have diseases

D. bat species that are starving to death

33. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?

A. to get people to stop killing bats

B. to hire workers for the Fish&Wildlife Department

C. to ask people not to touch dead bats

D. to tell the public how to help bats.

第二篇Is There a Way to Keep Britain’s Economy Growing?

In today?s knowledge economy，nations survive on the things they do best. Japanese design electronics while Germens export engineering techniques. The French serve the best food and Americans make computers.

Britain specializes in the gift of talking. The nation doesn't manufacture much of anything. But it has lawyers, stylists and business consultants who earn their living from talk, talk and more talk. The World Foundation think tank1 says the UKfs four iconic jobs today are not scientists, engineers, teachers and nurses. Instead, they're hairdressers, celebrities, management consultants and managers. But can all this talking keep the British economy going? The British government thinks it can.

Although the country?s trade deficit was more than ￡ 60 billion in 2006，UK's largest in the postwar period, officials say the country has nothing to worry about. In fact, Britain does have a world-class pharmaceutical industry, and it still makes a small sum from selling arms abroad. It also trades services — accountancy, insurance, banking and advertising. The government believes Britain is on the cutting edge2 of the knowledge economy. After all, the country of Shakespeare and Wordsworth has a literary tradition of which to be proud. Rock “n” roll3 is an English language medium, and there are billions to be made by their cutting-edge bands. In other words, the creative economy has plenty of strength to carry the British economy.

However, creative industries account for only about 4 percent of UICs exports of goods and services. The industries are finding it hard to make a profit，according to a report of the National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts. The report shows only 38 percent of British companies were engaged in "innovation activities' 3 percentage points below the EU average and well below Germany (61 percent) and Sweden (47 percent).

In fact，it might be better to call Britain a nservantM economy — there are at least 4 million people "in service". The majority of the population are employed by the rich to cook, clean, and

take care of their children. Many graduates are even doing menial jobs for which they do not need a degree. Most employment growth has been, and will continue to be, at the low-skill end of the service sector 一in shops, bars，hotels，domestic service and in nursing and care homes.

34. According to the World Foundation think tank, one of the iconic jobs in Britain today is

A. law makers

B. home servants

C. school teachers

D. business consultants.

35. The phrase “the cutting edge” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to

A. the most popular

B. the mos丈advanced

C. the most political

D. the proudest

36. The officials are not worried about the trade deficit in 2006，because they believe

A. Britain is on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy.

B. Britain is home to the largest pharmaceutical industry in the world.

C. the literary tradition of Britain will help make billions of pounds.

D. the world economy is strong enough to carry the British economy.

37. Which of the following is true about the creative industries in Britain?

A. They are not doing as well as those in other European nations.

B. They contribute a lot to the country?s trade deficit.

C. They can?t make a profit out of their innovative activities.

D. They make Britain on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy.

38. It can be inferred from the passage that

A. the gift of talking can keep the British economy growing.

B. the British economy is the least innovative one in the EU.

C. the British government is over-confident in its economy.

D. being a servant to the rich is one of the best jobs in Britain.

第三篇 The Sandwich Generation

Today people often look forward to their middle age as a time when they will be able to take things easier. After their children are grown，they expect to enjoy the life they have worked hard to create. However the reality is often very different. In middle age，many people discover that they have two ongoing responsibilities1: one is to look after their aging parents, and the other is to help their young adult children deal with the pressures of life. Around the world, there are millions of people who are “sandwiched” in between the older and the younger generations. Sometimes there may be two or three generations living in the same household — a situation that is common in many Asian countries and in some parts of Europe. In other cases, a couple may be taking care of parents and children, but they do not live with them.

There are two important reasons for the rise of the sandwich generation. First, people are living longer than they used to. In the early nineteenth century, the average life expectancy for adults in the United States，for example, was about 40，whereas today people live to an average age of 75. Therefore, children are taking care of their parents over a longer period of time. The second reason is that these days, young adults often live with their parents for a longer time than

they did in the past. This is often for financial reasons. It?s also more common for today?s young adults to return home during or after college if they need financial or emotional support.

Young adults feel sandwiched between their financial responsibilities and their desire to enjoy life. They may have to cover expenses that their parents cannot. They may have to manage their parents? financial and legal affairs. They may have to prepare for their parents? future needs, such as special medical care or a move to a nursing home. This can be a traumatic experience for everyone.

Caring for adult children presents challenges as well, and caregivers have to resolve important questions; How can financial responsibilities be shared among members of the household? How can household chores be shared? What is the best way to ensure everyone?s privacy? Successfully coping with these issues can avoid a lot of stress for the whole family.

The financial and emotional pressures on the sandwich generation can be overwhelming. However, this time in life also has its rewards. It can be a time to rediscover the special qualities of one?s parents or child ren. It can also provide a valuable opportunity to spend more time with them. However，in order to survive this difficult period in their lives，the members of the sandwich generation must remember that they also need to pay attention to their own needs and look after the quality of their own lives. They can?t be totally selfless.

39. According to the first paragraph, many people in middle age

A. are able to take things easier when their children are grown.

B. can?t enjoy their life as they have expecte d

C. can?t enjoy their life because they haven?t worked hard enough.

D. are facing great pressure from their work.

40. Which is true about the sandwich generation?

A. Their parents are unable to take care of themselves.

B. Their parents are often facing the pressures of life.

C. They are tom between the responsibilities for their parents and children.

D. They all have to live with their parents and children.

41. Why do some young adults choose to live with their parents these days?

A. They are too young to be independent from their parents.

B. They want to help their parents to take care of their aging grandparents.

C. They need support from their parents to deal with their financial problems.

D. They are more emotional than the young adults in the past.

42. The sandwich generation face the following challenges EXCEPT

A. sharing household chores

B . ensuring everyone，s privacy

C. shouldering the financial responsibilities of the household

D. determining who is the caregiver of the family

43. To survive the difficult period in their lives，the sandwich generation need to

A. be totally selfless

B. consider their own wellbeing

C. rediscover the merits of their children

D. value the time spent with their parents.

第5部分：补全短文（第46?50题，每题2分，共10分）

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。

Gorillas have a word for it

Kokois the first gorilla to have been taught sign language (a way of communicating by using hands and fingers rather than speech). With a vocabulary of more than1000 words, she is the first to prove we share a world with other intelligent beings who feel emotions, look forward to celebrations and also have a sense of humour.

The 30-year study of Koko has redefined science?s concept of gorilla intelligence. 46 But what had not been recognized by the scientific community was that gorillas have the ability to learn a language and have complex emotions.

Koko lives in the Santa Cruz mountains in North America，in a wooded spot overlooking a valley. 47

She has a barrel on which she likes to sit when 'talking' to humans - gorillas feel more secure when they can look down on others - while her toys are spread everywhere. In addition she has an outside enclosure where she spends her days when it is not raining.

It is her conversations with her teacher, Dr Penny Patterson, that are inspiring. Penny explains: …The reality of my discovery is that our abilities as humans, our skills, sensibilities and emotions are very similar to the great apes. 48

When she began teaching Koko sign language, placing the little fingers of the one-year-old gorilla into the correct positions for 'drink', 'eaf, ?more、and rewarding her with food, Dr Patterson had no idea how quickly Koko would learn. “At first, it seemed Koko was using sign language as a tool to get something，，，says Patterson. ?It became the kind of reward system that you could expect of a cat or a dog. But early in her training, she began to combine signs that made me think she was capable of more.? 49

For example, she didn't know the word for ?ring?，so she combined the signs for …finger? and bracelet? to express it.

Dr Patterson continues: …Koko loves babies and young people. And when she is asked what gorillas like best, she always says "Gorilla love eat, good?V One of Patterson?s favourite stories demonstrates Koko's sense of humour. 50

When Patterson asked her what she would like for her 11th birthday, Koko signed that she wanted a cat. The story of Koko?s cat enabled Patterson to learn more a bout her student: the cat was hit by a car and

Patterson had to break the news to Koko, who signed 'cry, sad，frownf. Then, once alone, Patterson heard Koko make the gorilla?s distress call: a loud series of hoots.

From the age of three, Koko shared her accommodation with Michael who was intended as a mate. However, Michael died suddenly two years ago of a heart attack. …Koko went into a depression following Michael?s death，? says Patterson. …She would sit for hours with her head hung low looking upset.'

Dr Patterson asked her if she was looking forward to moving to Hawaii, where Patterson is raising money to build a gorilla refuge. Koko signed …Yes，，provided she could have curtains in her new home!

A. When a visitor asked her to show him something scary, she held up a mirror to his face!

B. ?

C. According to some scientist, genetically there is only a 2% difference between gorillas and humans; we share the same blood type, have the same number of hairs per square inch and also the same temperament.

D. She has her own home, with curtains, and a nest of blankets, which is her bed, in one comer.

E. What we have learnt is that gorillas are more complex than we ever imagined

F. Now Koko is so proficient in sign language that if she doesn?t know a word she invents one.

第6部分：完形填空（第52?65题，每题1分，共15分）

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

The Beginning of American Literature

American has always been a land of beginnings. After Europeans “discovered” America in the fifteenth century, the mysterious New World became for many people a genuine (51) of a new life,an escape from poverty and persecution, a chance to (52) again. We can say that, as nation, America begins with that hope. (53)，however，does American literature begin? American literature begins with American (54). Long before the first colonists arrived, native Americans (55) here. Each tribe*s literature was tightly woven into the fabric of daily life and (56) the unmistakably American experience of lining with the land. Another kind of experience, one filled with fear and excitement, (57) its expression in the reports that Columbus and other explorers (58) home. In addition, the (59) of the people who lived and died in the New England wilderness (60) unforgettable tales of hard end sometimes heartbreaking experiences of those early years.

Experience, then, is the (61) to early American literature. The New World provided a great variety of experiences, and (62) experiences demanded a wide variety of expressions by an even wider variety of early American writers. These writers (63) John Smith, who spent only two-and-a-half year: on the American, continent. They included Jonathan Edwards and William Byrd, who thought of themselves (64) British subjects，never suspecting a revolution that would (65) a United States of America with a literature of its own. American Indians，explorers, Puritan ministers, frontier wives, plantation owner 一they are all the creators of the first

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